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1da177e4 LT |
1 | Intro |
2 | ===== | |
3 | ||
4 | This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of | |
5adaf851 | 5 | software necessary to run the 3.0 kernels. |
1da177e4 LT |
6 | |
7 | This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels | |
8 | and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, | |
9 | Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the | |
10 | 'net). | |
11 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
12 | Current Minimal Requirements |
13 | ============================ | |
14 | ||
15 | Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've | |
16 | encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently | |
17 | running, the suggested command should tell you. | |
18 | ||
5adaf851 LT |
19 | Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already functionally |
20 | running a Linux kernel. Also, not all tools are necessary on all | |
21 | systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN hardware, for example, | |
22 | you probably needn't concern yourself with isdn4k-utils. | |
1da177e4 | 23 | |
bf5777bc K |
24 | o GNU C 3.2 # gcc --version |
25 | o GNU make 3.80 # make --version | |
1da177e4 LT |
26 | o binutils 2.12 # ld -v |
27 | o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version | |
28 | o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V | |
242f45da | 29 | o e2fsprogs 1.41.4 # e2fsck -V |
1da177e4 | 30 | o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V |
e06c3744 | 31 | o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V |
1da177e4 | 32 | o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V |
242f45da BN |
33 | o squashfs-tools 4.0 # mksquashfs -version |
34 | o btrfs-progs 0.18 # btrfsck | |
e4121712 | 35 | o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V |
1da177e4 LT |
36 | o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V |
37 | o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version | |
38 | o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version | |
39 | o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version | |
40 | o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version | |
0c0a400d | 41 | o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version |
e06c3744 CK |
42 | o udev 081 # udevd --version |
43 | o grub 0.93 # grub --version || grub-install --version | |
44 | o mcelog 0.6 # mcelog --version | |
d879e19e | 45 | o iptables 1.4.2 # iptables -V |
3f1d44ae | 46 | o openssl & libcrypto 1.0.1k # openssl version |
7a922637 | 47 | |
1da177e4 LT |
48 | |
49 | Kernel compilation | |
50 | ================== | |
51 | ||
52 | GCC | |
53 | --- | |
54 | ||
55 | The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your | |
a1365647 | 56 | computer. |
1da177e4 LT |
57 | |
58 | Make | |
59 | ---- | |
60 | ||
bf5777bc | 61 | You will need GNU make 3.80 or later to build the kernel. |
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62 | |
63 | Binutils | |
64 | -------- | |
65 | ||
66 | Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for | |
67 | assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile | |
68 | your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent | |
69 | release of binutils. | |
70 | ||
08219624 JLPD |
71 | Perl |
72 | ---- | |
73 | ||
74 | You will need perl 5 and the following modules: Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, | |
75 | File::Basename, and File::Find to build the kernel. | |
76 | ||
221069be A |
77 | BC |
78 | -- | |
79 | ||
80 | You will need bc to build kernels 3.10 and higher | |
81 | ||
08219624 | 82 | |
3f1d44ae DH |
83 | OpenSSL |
84 | ------- | |
85 | ||
86 | Module signing and external certificate handling use the OpenSSL program and | |
87 | crypto library to do key creation and signature generation. | |
88 | ||
89 | You will need openssl to build kernels 3.7 and higher if module signing is | |
90 | enabled. You will also need openssl development packages to build kernels 4.3 | |
91 | and higher. | |
92 | ||
93 | ||
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94 | System utilities |
95 | ================ | |
96 | ||
97 | Architectural changes | |
98 | --------------------- | |
99 | ||
100 | DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev | |
101 | (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) | |
102 | ||
103 | 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! | |
104 | ||
105 | Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline | |
106 | documentation via specially-formatted comments near their | |
107 | definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the | |
108 | SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook | |
109 | files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript, | |
110 | HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from | |
111 | DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as | |
112 | well as the desired DocBook stylesheets. | |
113 | ||
114 | Util-linux | |
115 | ---------- | |
116 | ||
117 | New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks, | |
118 | support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition | |
119 | types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies. | |
120 | You'll probably want to upgrade. | |
121 | ||
122 | Ksymoops | |
123 | -------- | |
124 | ||
62a07e6e JJ |
125 | If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the |
126 | ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. | |
5adaf851 LT |
127 | It is generally preferred to build the kernel with CONFIG_KALLSYMS so |
128 | that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is (this also | |
129 | produces better output than ksymoops). If for some reason your kernel | |
130 | is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and you have no way to rebuild and | |
131 | reproduce the Oops with that option, then you can still decode that Oops | |
132 | with ksymoops. | |
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133 | |
134 | Module-Init-Tools | |
135 | ----------------- | |
136 | ||
137 | A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools | |
138 | to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels. | |
139 | ||
140 | Mkinitrd | |
141 | -------- | |
142 | ||
143 | These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that | |
144 | mkinitrd be upgraded. | |
145 | ||
146 | E2fsprogs | |
147 | --------- | |
148 | ||
149 | The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and | |
150 | debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. | |
151 | ||
152 | JFSutils | |
153 | -------- | |
154 | ||
155 | The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system. | |
156 | The following utilities are available: | |
157 | o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check | |
158 | and repair a JFS formatted partition. | |
159 | o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition. | |
160 | o other file system utilities are also available in this package. | |
161 | ||
162 | Reiserfsprogs | |
163 | ------------- | |
164 | ||
165 | The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x | |
166 | (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working | |
167 | versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and | |
168 | reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms. | |
169 | ||
170 | Xfsprogs | |
171 | -------- | |
172 | ||
173 | The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the | |
174 | xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is | |
175 | architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should | |
176 | work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or | |
177 | later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). | |
178 | ||
5085cb26 DB |
179 | PCMCIAutils |
180 | ----------- | |
181 | ||
00703e0b | 182 | PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs. It properly sets up |
5085cb26 DB |
183 | PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules |
184 | for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug | |
185 | subsystem is used. | |
1da177e4 | 186 | |
1da177e4 LT |
187 | Quota-tools |
188 | ----------- | |
189 | ||
190 | Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use | |
191 | the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and | |
192 | newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer | |
193 | from the table above. | |
194 | ||
195 | Intel IA32 microcode | |
196 | -------------------- | |
197 | ||
198 | A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, | |
890fbae2 GKH |
199 | accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using |
200 | udev you may need to: | |
1da177e4 LT |
201 | |
202 | mkdir /dev/cpu | |
203 | mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 | |
204 | chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode | |
205 | ||
206 | as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to | |
207 | get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. | |
208 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
209 | udev |
210 | ---- | |
211 | udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with | |
890fbae2 | 212 | only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic |
03a67a46 | 213 | functionality of devfs, while allowing persistent device naming for |
890fbae2 | 214 | devices. |
1da177e4 | 215 | |
909021ea MS |
216 | FUSE |
217 | ---- | |
218 | ||
219 | Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount | |
220 | options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work. | |
221 | ||
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222 | Networking |
223 | ========== | |
224 | ||
225 | General changes | |
226 | --------------- | |
227 | ||
228 | If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably | |
229 | consider using the network tools from ip-route2. | |
230 | ||
231 | Packet Filter / NAT | |
232 | ------------------- | |
233 | The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x | |
234 | kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules | |
235 | for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. | |
236 | ||
237 | PPP | |
238 | --- | |
239 | ||
240 | The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to | |
241 | enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, | |
242 | upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. | |
243 | ||
890fbae2 | 244 | If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp |
1da177e4 LT |
245 | which can be made by: |
246 | ||
247 | mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 | |
248 | ||
249 | as root. | |
250 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
251 | Isdn4k-utils |
252 | ------------ | |
253 | ||
254 | Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils | |
255 | needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded. | |
256 | ||
257 | NFS-utils | |
258 | --------- | |
259 | ||
5adaf851 LT |
260 | In ancient (2.4 and earlier) kernels, the nfs server needed to know |
261 | about any client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This | |
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262 | information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client |
263 | mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs | |
264 | would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab. | |
265 | ||
266 | This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct | |
267 | which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement | |
268 | fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from | |
269 | getting lots of old entries that never get removed. | |
270 | ||
5adaf851 LT |
271 | With modern kernels we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd |
272 | when it gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give | |
273 | appropriate export information to the kernel. This removes the | |
274 | dependency on rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about | |
275 | currently active clients. | |
1da177e4 LT |
276 | |
277 | To enable this new functionality, you need to: | |
278 | ||
e4121712 | 279 | mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd |
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280 | |
281 | before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS | |
282 | services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where | |
283 | that is possible. | |
284 | ||
172d899d AK |
285 | mcelog |
286 | ------ | |
287 | ||
c8c3f7d6 PB |
288 | On x86 kernels the mcelog utility is needed to process and log machine check |
289 | events when CONFIG_X86_MCE is enabled. Machine check events are errors reported | |
290 | by the CPU. Processing them is strongly encouraged. | |
172d899d | 291 | |
1da177e4 LT |
292 | Getting updated software |
293 | ======================== | |
294 | ||
295 | Kernel compilation | |
296 | ****************** | |
297 | ||
a1365647 AM |
298 | gcc |
299 | --- | |
300 | o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> | |
1da177e4 LT |
301 | |
302 | Make | |
303 | ---- | |
304 | o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> | |
305 | ||
306 | Binutils | |
307 | -------- | |
308 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/> | |
309 | ||
3f1d44ae DH |
310 | OpenSSL |
311 | ------- | |
312 | o <https://www.openssl.org/> | |
313 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
314 | System utilities |
315 | **************** | |
316 | ||
317 | Util-linux | |
318 | ---------- | |
319 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/> | |
320 | ||
321 | Ksymoops | |
322 | -------- | |
323 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/> | |
324 | ||
325 | Module-Init-Tools | |
326 | ----------------- | |
327 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/> | |
328 | ||
329 | Mkinitrd | |
330 | -------- | |
a6557737 | 331 | o <https://code.launchpad.net/initrd-tools/main> |
1da177e4 LT |
332 | |
333 | E2fsprogs | |
334 | --------- | |
335 | o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz> | |
336 | ||
337 | JFSutils | |
338 | -------- | |
339 | o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/> | |
340 | ||
341 | Reiserfsprogs | |
342 | ------------- | |
a6557737 | 343 | o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/fs/reiserfs/> |
1da177e4 LT |
344 | |
345 | Xfsprogs | |
346 | -------- | |
a6557737 | 347 | o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/> |
1da177e4 | 348 | |
5085cb26 DB |
349 | Pcmciautils |
350 | ----------- | |
351 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/> | |
352 | ||
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353 | Quota-tools |
354 | ---------- | |
355 | o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/> | |
356 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
357 | DocBook Stylesheets |
358 | ------------------- | |
03ebb7d0 | 359 | o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-dsssl/> |
1da177e4 | 360 | |
8b0c2d98 MW |
361 | XMLTO XSLT Frontend |
362 | ------------------- | |
363 | o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/> | |
364 | ||
1da177e4 LT |
365 | Intel P6 microcode |
366 | ------------------ | |
03ebb7d0 | 367 | o <https://downloadcenter.intel.com/> |
1da177e4 | 368 | |
1da177e4 LT |
369 | udev |
370 | ---- | |
03ebb7d0 | 371 | o <http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/udev.html> |
1da177e4 | 372 | |
909021ea MS |
373 | FUSE |
374 | ---- | |
375 | o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse> | |
376 | ||
172d899d AK |
377 | mcelog |
378 | ------ | |
03ebb7d0 | 379 | o <http://www.mcelog.org/> |
172d899d | 380 | |
1da177e4 LT |
381 | Networking |
382 | ********** | |
383 | ||
384 | PPP | |
385 | --- | |
a6557737 | 386 | o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/> |
1da177e4 LT |
387 | |
388 | Isdn4k-utils | |
389 | ------------ | |
a6557737 | 390 | o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/> |
1da177e4 LT |
391 | |
392 | NFS-utils | |
393 | --------- | |
394 | o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14> | |
395 | ||
396 | Iptables | |
397 | -------- | |
398 | o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html> | |
399 | ||
400 | Ip-route2 | |
401 | --------- | |
5d330cdd | 402 | o <https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/iproute2/> |
1da177e4 LT |
403 | |
404 | OProfile | |
405 | -------- | |
406 | o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/> | |
407 | ||
408 | NFS-Utils | |
409 | --------- | |
410 | o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/> |