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1 | Intro |
2 | ===== | |
3 | ||
4 | This document is designed to provide a list of the minimum levels of | |
5 | software necessary to run the 2.6 kernels, as well as provide brief | |
6 | instructions regarding any other "Gotchas" users may encounter when | |
7 | trying life on the Bleeding Edge. If upgrading from a pre-2.4.x | |
8 | kernel, please consult the Changes file included with 2.4.x kernels for | |
9 | additional information; most of that information will not be repeated | |
10 | here. Basically, this document assumes that your system is already | |
11 | functional and running at least 2.4.x kernels. | |
12 | ||
13 | This document is originally based on my "Changes" file for 2.0.x kernels | |
14 | and therefore owes credit to the same people as that file (Jared Mauch, | |
15 | Axel Boldt, Alessandro Sigala, and countless other users all over the | |
16 | 'net). | |
17 | ||
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18 | Current Minimal Requirements |
19 | ============================ | |
20 | ||
21 | Upgrade to at *least* these software revisions before thinking you've | |
22 | encountered a bug! If you're unsure what version you're currently | |
23 | running, the suggested command should tell you. | |
24 | ||
25 | Again, keep in mind that this list assumes you are already | |
26 | functionally running a Linux 2.4 kernel. Also, not all tools are | |
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27 | necessary on all systems; obviously, if you don't have any ISDN |
28 | hardware, for example, you probably needn't concern yourself with | |
29 | isdn4k-utils. | |
1da177e4 | 30 | |
a1365647 | 31 | o Gnu C 3.2 # gcc --version |
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32 | o Gnu make 3.79.1 # make --version |
33 | o binutils 2.12 # ld -v | |
34 | o util-linux 2.10o # fdformat --version | |
35 | o module-init-tools 0.9.10 # depmod -V | |
36 | o e2fsprogs 1.29 # tune2fs | |
37 | o jfsutils 1.1.3 # fsck.jfs -V | |
38 | o reiserfsprogs 3.6.3 # reiserfsck -V 2>&1|grep reiserfsprogs | |
39 | o xfsprogs 2.6.0 # xfs_db -V | |
e4121712 | 40 | o pcmciautils 004 # pccardctl -V |
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41 | o quota-tools 3.09 # quota -V |
42 | o PPP 2.4.0 # pppd --version | |
43 | o isdn4k-utils 3.1pre1 # isdnctrl 2>&1|grep version | |
44 | o nfs-utils 1.0.5 # showmount --version | |
45 | o procps 3.2.0 # ps --version | |
0c0a400d | 46 | o oprofile 0.9 # oprofiled --version |
e4121712 | 47 | o udev 081 # udevinfo -V |
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48 | |
49 | Kernel compilation | |
50 | ================== | |
51 | ||
52 | GCC | |
53 | --- | |
54 | ||
55 | The gcc version requirements may vary depending on the type of CPU in your | |
a1365647 | 56 | computer. |
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57 | |
58 | Make | |
59 | ---- | |
60 | ||
61 | You will need Gnu make 3.79.1 or later to build the kernel. | |
62 | ||
63 | Binutils | |
64 | -------- | |
65 | ||
66 | Linux on IA-32 has recently switched from using as86 to using gas for | |
67 | assembling the 16-bit boot code, removing the need for as86 to compile | |
68 | your kernel. This change does, however, mean that you need a recent | |
69 | release of binutils. | |
70 | ||
71 | System utilities | |
72 | ================ | |
73 | ||
74 | Architectural changes | |
75 | --------------------- | |
76 | ||
77 | DevFS has been obsoleted in favour of udev | |
78 | (http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/) | |
79 | ||
80 | 32-bit UID support is now in place. Have fun! | |
81 | ||
82 | Linux documentation for functions is transitioning to inline | |
83 | documentation via specially-formatted comments near their | |
84 | definitions in the source. These comments can be combined with the | |
85 | SGML templates in the Documentation/DocBook directory to make DocBook | |
86 | files, which can then be converted by DocBook stylesheets to PostScript, | |
87 | HTML, PDF files, and several other formats. In order to convert from | |
88 | DocBook format to a format of your choice, you'll need to install Jade as | |
89 | well as the desired DocBook stylesheets. | |
90 | ||
91 | Util-linux | |
92 | ---------- | |
93 | ||
94 | New versions of util-linux provide *fdisk support for larger disks, | |
95 | support new options to mount, recognize more supported partition | |
96 | types, have a fdformat which works with 2.4 kernels, and similar goodies. | |
97 | You'll probably want to upgrade. | |
98 | ||
99 | Ksymoops | |
100 | -------- | |
101 | ||
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102 | If the unthinkable happens and your kernel oopses, you may need the |
103 | ksymoops tool to decode it, but in most cases you don't. | |
104 | In the 2.6 kernel it is generally preferred to build the kernel with | |
105 | CONFIG_KALLSYMS so that it produces readable dumps that can be used as-is | |
106 | (this also produces better output than ksymoops). | |
107 | If for some reason your kernel is not build with CONFIG_KALLSYMS and | |
108 | you have no way to rebuild and reproduce the Oops with that option, then | |
109 | you can still decode that Oops with ksymoops. | |
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110 | |
111 | Module-Init-Tools | |
112 | ----------------- | |
113 | ||
114 | A new module loader is now in the kernel that requires module-init-tools | |
115 | to use. It is backward compatible with the 2.4.x series kernels. | |
116 | ||
117 | Mkinitrd | |
118 | -------- | |
119 | ||
120 | These changes to the /lib/modules file tree layout also require that | |
121 | mkinitrd be upgraded. | |
122 | ||
123 | E2fsprogs | |
124 | --------- | |
125 | ||
126 | The latest version of e2fsprogs fixes several bugs in fsck and | |
127 | debugfs. Obviously, it's a good idea to upgrade. | |
128 | ||
129 | JFSutils | |
130 | -------- | |
131 | ||
132 | The jfsutils package contains the utilities for the file system. | |
133 | The following utilities are available: | |
134 | o fsck.jfs - initiate replay of the transaction log, and check | |
135 | and repair a JFS formatted partition. | |
136 | o mkfs.jfs - create a JFS formatted partition. | |
137 | o other file system utilities are also available in this package. | |
138 | ||
139 | Reiserfsprogs | |
140 | ------------- | |
141 | ||
142 | The reiserfsprogs package should be used for reiserfs-3.6.x | |
143 | (Linux kernels 2.4.x). It is a combined package and contains working | |
144 | versions of mkreiserfs, resize_reiserfs, debugreiserfs and | |
145 | reiserfsck. These utils work on both i386 and alpha platforms. | |
146 | ||
147 | Xfsprogs | |
148 | -------- | |
149 | ||
150 | The latest version of xfsprogs contains mkfs.xfs, xfs_db, and the | |
151 | xfs_repair utilities, among others, for the XFS filesystem. It is | |
152 | architecture independent and any version from 2.0.0 onward should | |
153 | work correctly with this version of the XFS kernel code (2.6.0 or | |
154 | later is recommended, due to some significant improvements). | |
155 | ||
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156 | PCMCIAutils |
157 | ----------- | |
158 | ||
159 | PCMCIAutils replaces pcmcia-cs (see below). It properly sets up | |
160 | PCMCIA sockets at system startup and loads the appropriate modules | |
161 | for 16-bit PCMCIA devices if the kernel is modularized and the hotplug | |
162 | subsystem is used. | |
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163 | |
164 | Pcmcia-cs | |
165 | --------- | |
166 | ||
167 | PCMCIA (PC Card) support is now partially implemented in the main | |
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168 | kernel source. The "pcmciautils" package (see above) replaces pcmcia-cs |
169 | for newest kernels. | |
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170 | |
171 | Quota-tools | |
172 | ----------- | |
173 | ||
174 | Support for 32 bit uid's and gid's is required if you want to use | |
175 | the newer version 2 quota format. Quota-tools version 3.07 and | |
176 | newer has this support. Use the recommended version or newer | |
177 | from the table above. | |
178 | ||
179 | Intel IA32 microcode | |
180 | -------------------- | |
181 | ||
182 | A driver has been added to allow updating of Intel IA32 microcode, | |
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183 | accessible as a normal (misc) character device. If you are not using |
184 | udev you may need to: | |
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185 | |
186 | mkdir /dev/cpu | |
187 | mknod /dev/cpu/microcode c 10 184 | |
188 | chmod 0644 /dev/cpu/microcode | |
189 | ||
190 | as root before you can use this. You'll probably also want to | |
191 | get the user-space microcode_ctl utility to use with this. | |
192 | ||
193 | Powertweak | |
194 | ---------- | |
195 | ||
196 | If you are running v0.1.17 or earlier, you should upgrade to | |
197 | version v0.99.0 or higher. Running old versions may cause problems | |
198 | with programs using shared memory. | |
199 | ||
200 | udev | |
201 | ---- | |
202 | udev is a userspace application for populating /dev dynamically with | |
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203 | only entries for devices actually present. udev replaces the basic |
204 | functionality of devfs, while allowing persistant device naming for | |
205 | devices. | |
1da177e4 | 206 | |
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207 | FUSE |
208 | ---- | |
209 | ||
210 | Needs libfuse 2.4.0 or later. Absolute minimum is 2.3.0 but mount | |
211 | options 'direct_io' and 'kernel_cache' won't work. | |
212 | ||
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213 | Networking |
214 | ========== | |
215 | ||
216 | General changes | |
217 | --------------- | |
218 | ||
219 | If you have advanced network configuration needs, you should probably | |
220 | consider using the network tools from ip-route2. | |
221 | ||
222 | Packet Filter / NAT | |
223 | ------------------- | |
224 | The packet filtering and NAT code uses the same tools like the previous 2.4.x | |
225 | kernel series (iptables). It still includes backwards-compatibility modules | |
226 | for 2.2.x-style ipchains and 2.0.x-style ipfwadm. | |
227 | ||
228 | PPP | |
229 | --- | |
230 | ||
231 | The PPP driver has been restructured to support multilink and to | |
232 | enable it to operate over diverse media layers. If you use PPP, | |
233 | upgrade pppd to at least 2.4.0. | |
234 | ||
890fbae2 | 235 | If you are not using udev, you must have the device file /dev/ppp |
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236 | which can be made by: |
237 | ||
238 | mknod /dev/ppp c 108 0 | |
239 | ||
240 | as root. | |
241 | ||
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242 | Isdn4k-utils |
243 | ------------ | |
244 | ||
245 | Due to changes in the length of the phone number field, isdn4k-utils | |
246 | needs to be recompiled or (preferably) upgraded. | |
247 | ||
248 | NFS-utils | |
249 | --------- | |
250 | ||
251 | In 2.4 and earlier kernels, the nfs server needed to know about any | |
252 | client that expected to be able to access files via NFS. This | |
253 | information would be given to the kernel by "mountd" when the client | |
254 | mounted the filesystem, or by "exportfs" at system startup. exportfs | |
255 | would take information about active clients from /var/lib/nfs/rmtab. | |
256 | ||
257 | This approach is quite fragile as it depends on rmtab being correct | |
258 | which is not always easy, particularly when trying to implement | |
259 | fail-over. Even when the system is working well, rmtab suffers from | |
260 | getting lots of old entries that never get removed. | |
261 | ||
262 | With 2.6 we have the option of having the kernel tell mountd when it | |
263 | gets a request from an unknown host, and mountd can give appropriate | |
264 | export information to the kernel. This removes the dependency on | |
265 | rmtab and means that the kernel only needs to know about currently | |
266 | active clients. | |
267 | ||
268 | To enable this new functionality, you need to: | |
269 | ||
e4121712 | 270 | mount -t nfsd nfsd /proc/fs/nfsd |
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271 | |
272 | before running exportfs or mountd. It is recommended that all NFS | |
273 | services be protected from the internet-at-large by a firewall where | |
274 | that is possible. | |
275 | ||
276 | Getting updated software | |
277 | ======================== | |
278 | ||
279 | Kernel compilation | |
280 | ****************** | |
281 | ||
a1365647 AM |
282 | gcc |
283 | --- | |
284 | o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/> | |
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285 | |
286 | Make | |
287 | ---- | |
288 | o <ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/> | |
289 | ||
290 | Binutils | |
291 | -------- | |
292 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/devel/binutils/> | |
293 | ||
294 | System utilities | |
295 | **************** | |
296 | ||
297 | Util-linux | |
298 | ---------- | |
299 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/util-linux/> | |
300 | ||
301 | Ksymoops | |
302 | -------- | |
303 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/ksymoops/v2.4/> | |
304 | ||
305 | Module-Init-Tools | |
306 | ----------------- | |
307 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/rusty/modules/> | |
308 | ||
309 | Mkinitrd | |
310 | -------- | |
311 | o <ftp://rawhide.redhat.com/pub/rawhide/SRPMS/SRPMS/> | |
312 | ||
313 | E2fsprogs | |
314 | --------- | |
315 | o <http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs-1.29.tar.gz> | |
316 | ||
317 | JFSutils | |
318 | -------- | |
319 | o <http://jfs.sourceforge.net/> | |
320 | ||
321 | Reiserfsprogs | |
322 | ------------- | |
323 | o <http://www.namesys.com/pub/reiserfsprogs/reiserfsprogs-3.6.3.tar.gz> | |
324 | ||
325 | Xfsprogs | |
326 | -------- | |
327 | o <ftp://oss.sgi.com/projects/xfs/download/> | |
328 | ||
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329 | Pcmciautils |
330 | ----------- | |
331 | o <ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/pcmcia/> | |
332 | ||
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333 | Pcmcia-cs |
334 | --------- | |
5085cb26 | 335 | o <http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/> |
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336 | |
337 | Quota-tools | |
338 | ---------- | |
339 | o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota/> | |
340 | ||
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341 | DocBook Stylesheets |
342 | ------------------- | |
343 | o <http://nwalsh.com/docbook/dsssl/> | |
344 | ||
8b0c2d98 MW |
345 | XMLTO XSLT Frontend |
346 | ------------------- | |
347 | o <http://cyberelk.net/tim/xmlto/> | |
348 | ||
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349 | Intel P6 microcode |
350 | ------------------ | |
351 | o <http://www.urbanmyth.org/microcode/> | |
352 | ||
353 | Powertweak | |
354 | ---------- | |
355 | o <http://powertweak.sourceforge.net/> | |
356 | ||
357 | udev | |
358 | ---- | |
359 | o <http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev.html> | |
360 | ||
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361 | FUSE |
362 | ---- | |
363 | o <http://sourceforge.net/projects/fuse> | |
364 | ||
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365 | Networking |
366 | ********** | |
367 | ||
368 | PPP | |
369 | --- | |
370 | o <ftp://ftp.samba.org/pub/ppp/ppp-2.4.0.tar.gz> | |
371 | ||
372 | Isdn4k-utils | |
373 | ------------ | |
374 | o <ftp://ftp.isdn4linux.de/pub/isdn4linux/utils/isdn4k-utils.v3.1pre1.tar.gz> | |
375 | ||
376 | NFS-utils | |
377 | --------- | |
378 | o <http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=14> | |
379 | ||
380 | Iptables | |
381 | -------- | |
382 | o <http://www.iptables.org/downloads.html> | |
383 | ||
384 | Ip-route2 | |
385 | --------- | |
386 | o <ftp://ftp.tux.org/pub/net/ip-routing/iproute2-2.2.4-now-ss991023.tar.gz> | |
387 | ||
388 | OProfile | |
389 | -------- | |
390 | o <http://oprofile.sf.net/download/> | |
391 | ||
392 | NFS-Utils | |
393 | --------- | |
394 | o <http://nfs.sourceforge.net/> | |
395 |