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1da177e4 LT |
1 | How to conserve battery power using laptop-mode |
2 | ----------------------------------------------- | |
3 | ||
4 | Document Author: Bart Samwel (bart@samwel.tk) | |
5 | Date created: January 2, 2004 | |
ffd59dac | 6 | Last modified: December 06, 2004 |
1da177e4 LT |
7 | |
8 | Introduction | |
9 | ------------ | |
10 | ||
11 | Laptop mode is used to minimize the time that the hard disk needs to be spun up, | |
12 | to conserve battery power on laptops. It has been reported to cause significant | |
13 | power savings. | |
14 | ||
15 | Contents | |
16 | -------- | |
17 | ||
18 | * Introduction | |
19 | * Installation | |
20 | * Caveats | |
21 | * The Details | |
22 | * Tips & Tricks | |
23 | * Control script | |
24 | * ACPI integration | |
25 | * Monitoring tool | |
26 | ||
27 | ||
28 | Installation | |
29 | ------------ | |
30 | ||
31 | To use laptop mode, you don't need to set any kernel configuration options | |
32 | or anything. Simply install all the files included in this document, and | |
33 | laptop mode will automatically be started when you're on battery. For | |
34 | your convenience, a tarball containing an installer can be downloaded at: | |
35 | ||
ffd59dac | 36 | http://www.xs4all.nl/~bsamwel/laptop_mode/tools/ |
1da177e4 LT |
37 | |
38 | To configure laptop mode, you need to edit the configuration file, which is | |
39 | located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian-based systems, or in | |
40 | /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. | |
41 | ||
42 | Unfortunately, automatic enabling of laptop mode does not work for | |
43 | laptops that don't have ACPI. On those laptops, you need to start laptop | |
44 | mode manually. To start laptop mode, run "laptop_mode start", and to | |
45 | stop it, run "laptop_mode stop". (Note: The laptop mode tools package now | |
46 | has experimental support for APM, you might want to try that first.) | |
47 | ||
48 | ||
49 | Caveats | |
50 | ------- | |
51 | ||
52 | * The downside of laptop mode is that you have a chance of losing up to 10 | |
53 | minutes of work. If you cannot afford this, don't use it! The supplied ACPI | |
54 | scripts automatically turn off laptop mode when the battery almost runs out, | |
55 | so that you won't lose any data at the end of your battery life. | |
56 | ||
57 | * Most desktop hard drives have a very limited lifetime measured in spindown | |
58 | cycles, typically about 50.000 times (it's usually listed on the spec sheet). | |
59 | Check your drive's rating, and don't wear down your drive's lifetime if you | |
60 | don't need to. | |
61 | ||
62 | * If you mount some of your ext3/reiserfs filesystems with the -n option, then | |
63 | the control script will not be able to remount them correctly. You must set | |
64 | DO_REMOUNTS=0 in the control script, otherwise it will remount them with the | |
65 | wrong options -- or it will fail because it cannot write to /etc/mtab. | |
66 | ||
67 | * If you have your filesystems listed as type "auto" in fstab, like I did, then | |
68 | the control script will not recognize them as filesystems that need remounting. | |
69 | You must list the filesystems with their true type instead. | |
70 | ||
71 | * It has been reported that some versions of the mutt mail client use file access | |
72 | times to determine whether a folder contains new mail. If you use mutt and | |
73 | experience this, you must disable the noatime remounting by setting the option | |
74 | DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME to 0 in the configuration file. | |
75 | ||
76 | ||
77 | The Details | |
78 | ----------- | |
79 | ||
80 | Laptop mode is controlled by the knob /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode. This knob is | |
81 | present for all kernels that have the laptop mode patch, regardless of any | |
82 | configuration options. When the knob is set, any physical disk I/O (that might | |
83 | have caused the hard disk to spin up) causes Linux to flush all dirty blocks. The | |
84 | result of this is that after a disk has spun down, it will not be spun up | |
85 | anymore to write dirty blocks, because those blocks had already been written | |
86 | immediately after the most recent read operation. The value of the laptop_mode | |
87 | knob determines the time between the occurrence of disk I/O and when the flush | |
88 | is triggered. A sensible value for the knob is 5 seconds. Setting the knob to | |
89 | 0 disables laptop mode. | |
90 | ||
91 | To increase the effectiveness of the laptop_mode strategy, the laptop_mode | |
92 | control script increases dirty_expire_centisecs and dirty_writeback_centisecs in | |
93 | /proc/sys/vm to about 10 minutes (by default), which means that pages that are | |
94 | dirtied are not forced to be written to disk as often. The control script also | |
95 | changes the dirty background ratio, so that background writeback of dirty pages | |
96 | is not done anymore. Combined with a higher commit value (also 10 minutes) for | |
97 | ext3 or ReiserFS filesystems (also done automatically by the control script), | |
98 | this results in concentration of disk activity in a small time interval which | |
99 | occurs only once every 10 minutes, or whenever the disk is forced to spin up by | |
100 | a cache miss. The disk can then be spun down in the periods of inactivity. | |
101 | ||
102 | If you want to find out which process caused the disk to spin up, you can | |
103 | gather information by setting the flag /proc/sys/vm/block_dump. When this flag | |
104 | is set, Linux reports all disk read and write operations that take place, and | |
105 | all block dirtyings done to files. This makes it possible to debug why a disk | |
106 | needs to spin up, and to increase battery life even more. The output of | |
107 | block_dump is written to the kernel output, and it can be retrieved using | |
108 | "dmesg". When you use block_dump and your kernel logging level also includes | |
109 | kernel debugging messages, you probably want to turn off klogd, otherwise | |
110 | the output of block_dump will be logged, causing disk activity that is not | |
111 | normally there. | |
112 | ||
113 | ||
114 | Configuration | |
115 | ------------- | |
116 | ||
117 | The laptop mode configuration file is located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on | |
118 | Debian-based systems, or in /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. It | |
119 | contains the following options: | |
120 | ||
121 | MAX_AGE: | |
122 | ||
123 | Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are | |
124 | confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this | |
125 | amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode. | |
126 | ||
127 | MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES: | |
128 | ||
129 | Automatically disable laptop mode if the remaining number of minutes of | |
130 | battery power is less than this value. Default is 10 minutes. | |
131 | ||
132 | AC_HD/BATT_HD: | |
133 | ||
134 | The idle timeout that should be set on your hard drive when laptop mode | |
135 | is active (BATT_HD) and when it is not active (AC_HD). The defaults are | |
136 | 20 seconds (value 4) for BATT_HD and 2 hours (value 244) for AC_HD. The | |
137 | possible values are those listed in the manual page for "hdparm" for the | |
138 | "-S" option. | |
139 | ||
140 | HD: | |
141 | ||
142 | The devices for which the spindown timeout should be adjusted by laptop mode. | |
143 | Default is /dev/hda. If you specify multiple devices, separate them by a space. | |
144 | ||
145 | READAHEAD: | |
146 | ||
147 | Disk readahead, in 512-byte sectors, while laptop mode is active. A large | |
148 | readahead can prevent disk accesses for things like executable pages (which are | |
149 | loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data | |
150 | (MP3s). | |
151 | ||
152 | DO_REMOUNTS: | |
153 | ||
154 | The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems | |
155 | with approriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this | |
156 | feature is disabled. | |
157 | ||
158 | DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME: | |
159 | ||
160 | When remounting, should the filesystems be remounted with the noatime option? | |
161 | Normally, this is set to "1" (enabled), but there may be programs that require | |
162 | access time recording. | |
163 | ||
164 | DIRTY_RATIO: | |
165 | ||
166 | The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data | |
167 | before a writeback is forced, while laptop mode is active. Corresponds to | |
168 | the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio sysctl. | |
169 | ||
170 | DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO: | |
171 | ||
172 | The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data | |
173 | after a forced writeback is done due to an exceeding of DIRTY_RATIO. Set | |
174 | this nice and low. This corresponds to the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio | |
175 | sysctl. | |
176 | ||
177 | Note that the behaviour of dirty_background_ratio is quite different | |
178 | when laptop mode is active and when it isn't. When laptop mode is inactive, | |
179 | dirty_background_ratio is the threshold percentage at which background writeouts | |
180 | start taking place. When laptop mode is active, however, background writeouts | |
181 | are disabled, and the dirty_background_ratio only determines how much writeback | |
182 | is done when dirty_ratio is reached. | |
183 | ||
184 | DO_CPU: | |
185 | ||
186 | Enable CPU frequency scaling when in laptop mode. (Requires CPUFreq to be setup. | |
187 | See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info. Disabled by default.) | |
188 | ||
189 | CPU_MAXFREQ: | |
190 | ||
191 | When on battery, what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should use? Legal | |
192 | values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your CPU is able to operate at, | |
193 | or a value listed in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies. | |
194 | ||
195 | ||
196 | Tips & Tricks | |
197 | ------------- | |
198 | ||
199 | * Bartek Kania reports getting up to 50 minutes of extra battery life (on top | |
200 | of his regular 3 to 3.5 hours) using a spindown time of 5 seconds (BATT_HD=1). | |
201 | ||
202 | * You can spin down the disk while playing MP3, by setting disk readahead | |
203 | to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk will read a complete MP3 at | |
204 | once, and will then spin down while the MP3 is playing. (Thanks to Bartek | |
205 | Kania.) | |
206 | ||
207 | * Drew Scott Daniels observed: "I don't know why, but when I decrease the number | |
208 | of colours that my display uses it consumes less battery power. I've seen | |
209 | this on powerbooks too. I hope that this is a piece of information that | |
210 | might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or it's users." | |
211 | ||
212 | * In syslog.conf, you can prefix entries with a dash ``-'' to omit syncing the | |
213 | file after every logging. When you're using laptop-mode and your disk doesn't | |
214 | spin down, this is a likely culprit. | |
215 | ||
216 | * Richard Atterer observed that laptop mode does not work well with noflushd | |
217 | (http://noflushd.sourceforge.net/), it seems that noflushd prevents laptop-mode | |
218 | from doing its thing. | |
219 | ||
220 | * If you're worried about your data, you might want to consider using a USB | |
221 | memory stick or something like that as a "working area". (Be aware though | |
222 | that flash memory can only handle a limited number of writes, and overuse | |
223 | may wear out your memory stick pretty quickly. Do _not_ use journalling | |
224 | filesystems on flash memory sticks.) | |
225 | ||
226 | ||
227 | Configuration file for control and ACPI battery scripts | |
228 | ------------------------------------------------------- | |
229 | ||
230 | This allows the tunables to be changed for the scripts via an external | |
231 | configuration file | |
232 | ||
233 | It should be installed as /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian, and as | |
234 | /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on Red Hat, SUSE, Mandrake, and other work-alikes. | |
235 | ||
236 | --------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN------------------------------------------- | |
237 | # Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are | |
238 | # confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this | |
239 | # amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode. | |
240 | #MAX_AGE=600 | |
241 | ||
242 | # Automatically disable laptop mode when the number of minutes of battery | |
243 | # that you have left goes below this threshold. | |
244 | MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=10 | |
245 | ||
246 | # Read-ahead, in 512-byte sectors. You can spin down the disk while playing MP3/OGG | |
247 | # by setting the disk readahead to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk | |
248 | # will read a complete MP3 at once, and will then spin down while the MP3/OGG is | |
249 | # playing. | |
250 | #READAHEAD=4096 | |
251 | ||
252 | # Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes) | |
253 | #DO_REMOUNTS=1 | |
254 | ||
255 | # And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes) | |
256 | #DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=1 | |
257 | ||
258 | # Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process | |
259 | # which | |
260 | # calls write() does its own writeback | |
261 | #DIRTY_RATIO=40 | |
262 | ||
263 | # | |
264 | # Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been | |
265 | # exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount | |
266 | # of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once | |
267 | # some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it. | |
268 | # | |
269 | #DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=5 | |
270 | ||
271 | # kernel default dirty buffer age | |
272 | #DEF_AGE=30 | |
273 | #DEF_UPDATE=5 | |
274 | #DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=10 | |
275 | #DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=40 | |
276 | #DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=15 | |
277 | #DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=30 | |
278 | #DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=1 | |
279 | ||
280 | # This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel | |
281 | # on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in | |
282 | # centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still | |
283 | # needs# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for | |
284 | # external interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't | |
285 | # need to change this on 2.6. | |
286 | #XFS_HZ=100 | |
287 | ||
288 | # Should the maximum CPU frequency be adjusted down while on battery? | |
289 | # Requires CPUFreq to be setup. | |
290 | # See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info | |
291 | #DO_CPU=0 | |
292 | ||
293 | # When on battery what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should | |
294 | # use? Legal values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your | |
295 | # CPU is able to operate at, or a value listed in: | |
296 | # /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies | |
297 | # Only applicable if DO_CPU=1. | |
298 | #CPU_MAXFREQ=slowest | |
299 | ||
300 | # Idle timeout for your hard drive (man hdparm for valid values, -S option) | |
301 | # Default is 2 hours on AC (AC_HD=244) and 20 seconds for battery (BATT_HD=4). | |
302 | #AC_HD=244 | |
303 | #BATT_HD=4 | |
304 | ||
305 | # The drives for which to adjust the idle timeout. Separate them by a space, | |
306 | # e.g. HD="/dev/hda /dev/hdb". | |
307 | #HD="/dev/hda" | |
308 | ||
309 | # Set the spindown timeout on a hard drive? | |
310 | #DO_HD=1 | |
311 | ||
312 | --------------------CONFIG FILE END--------------------------------------------- | |
313 | ||
314 | ||
315 | Control script | |
316 | -------------- | |
317 | ||
318 | Please note that this control script works for the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 series (thanks | |
319 | to Kiko Piris). | |
320 | ||
321 | --------------------CONTROL SCRIPT BEGIN---------------------------------------- | |
322 | #!/bin/bash | |
323 | ||
324 | # start or stop laptop_mode, best run by a power management daemon when | |
325 | # ac gets connected/disconnected from a laptop | |
326 | # | |
327 | # install as /sbin/laptop_mode | |
328 | # | |
329 | # Contributors to this script: Kiko Piris | |
330 | # Bart Samwel | |
331 | # Micha Feigin | |
332 | # Andrew Morton | |
333 | # Herve Eychenne | |
334 | # Dax Kelson | |
335 | # | |
336 | # Original Linux 2.4 version by: Jens Axboe | |
337 | ||
338 | ############################################################################# | |
339 | ||
340 | # Source config | |
341 | if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then | |
342 | # Debian | |
343 | . /etc/default/laptop-mode | |
344 | elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then | |
345 | # Others | |
346 | . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode | |
347 | fi | |
348 | ||
349 | # Don't raise an error if the config file is incomplete | |
350 | # set defaults instead: | |
351 | ||
352 | # Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are | |
353 | # confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this | |
354 | # amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode. | |
355 | MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'} | |
356 | ||
357 | # Read-ahead, in kilobytes | |
358 | READAHEAD=${READAHEAD:-'4096'} | |
359 | ||
575c9687 | 360 | # Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes) |
1da177e4 LT |
361 | DO_REMOUNTS=${DO_REMOUNTS:-'1'} |
362 | ||
363 | # And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes) | |
364 | DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=${DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:-'1'} | |
365 | ||
366 | # Shall we adjust the idle timeout on a hard drive? | |
367 | DO_HD=${DO_HD:-'1'} | |
368 | ||
369 | # Adjust idle timeout on which hard drive? | |
370 | HD="${HD:-'/dev/hda'}" | |
371 | ||
372 | # spindown time for HD (hdparm -S values) | |
373 | AC_HD=${AC_HD:-'244'} | |
374 | BATT_HD=${BATT_HD:-'4'} | |
375 | ||
376 | # Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process which | |
377 | # calls write() does its own writeback | |
378 | DIRTY_RATIO=${DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} | |
379 | ||
380 | # cpu frequency scaling | |
381 | # See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info | |
382 | DO_CPU=${CPU_MANAGE:-'0'} | |
383 | CPU_MAXFREQ=${CPU_MAXFREQ:-'slowest'} | |
384 | ||
385 | # | |
386 | # Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been | |
387 | # exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount | |
388 | # of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once | |
389 | # some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it. | |
390 | # | |
391 | DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'5'} | |
392 | ||
393 | # kernel default dirty buffer age | |
394 | DEF_AGE=${DEF_AGE:-'30'} | |
395 | DEF_UPDATE=${DEF_UPDATE:-'5'} | |
396 | DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'10'} | |
397 | DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} | |
398 | DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=${DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER:-'15'} | |
399 | DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL:-'30'} | |
400 | DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL:-'1'} | |
401 | ||
402 | # This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel | |
403 | # on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in | |
404 | # centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still needs | |
405 | # some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for external | |
406 | # interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't need to | |
407 | # change this on 2.6. | |
408 | XFS_HZ=${XFS_HZ:-'100'} | |
409 | ||
410 | ############################################################################# | |
411 | ||
412 | KLEVEL="$(uname -r | | |
413 | { | |
414 | IFS='.' read a b c | |
415 | echo $a.$b | |
416 | } | |
417 | )" | |
418 | case "$KLEVEL" in | |
419 | "2.4"|"2.6") | |
420 | ;; | |
421 | *) | |
422 | echo "Unhandled kernel version: $KLEVEL ('uname -r' = '$(uname -r)')" >&2 | |
423 | exit 1 | |
424 | ;; | |
425 | esac | |
426 | ||
427 | if [ ! -e /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then | |
428 | echo "Kernel is not patched with laptop_mode patch." >&2 | |
429 | exit 1 | |
430 | fi | |
431 | ||
432 | if [ ! -w /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then | |
433 | echo "You do not have enough privileges to enable laptop_mode." >&2 | |
434 | exit 1 | |
435 | fi | |
436 | ||
437 | # Remove an option (the first parameter) of the form option=<number> from | |
438 | # a mount options string (the rest of the parameters). | |
439 | parse_mount_opts () { | |
440 | OPT="$1" | |
441 | shift | |
442 | echo ",$*," | sed \ | |
443 | -e 's/,'"$OPT"'=[0-9]*,/,/g' \ | |
444 | -e 's/,,*/,/g' \ | |
445 | -e 's/^,//' \ | |
446 | -e 's/,$//' | |
447 | } | |
448 | ||
449 | # Remove an option (the first parameter) without any arguments from | |
450 | # a mount option string (the rest of the parameters). | |
451 | parse_nonumber_mount_opts () { | |
452 | OPT="$1" | |
453 | shift | |
454 | echo ",$*," | sed \ | |
455 | -e 's/,'"$OPT"',/,/g' \ | |
456 | -e 's/,,*/,/g' \ | |
457 | -e 's/^,//' \ | |
458 | -e 's/,$//' | |
459 | } | |
460 | ||
461 | # Find out the state of a yes/no option (e.g. "atime"/"noatime") in | |
462 | # fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the | |
463 | # value of the option in another mount options string. The device | |
464 | # is the first argument, the option name the second, and the default | |
465 | # value the third. The remainder is the mount options string. | |
466 | # | |
467 | # Example: | |
468 | # parse_yesno_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 atime atime defaults,noatime | |
469 | # | |
470 | # If fstab contains, say, "rw" for this filesystem, then the result | |
471 | # will be "defaults,atime". | |
472 | parse_yesno_opts_wfstab () { | |
473 | L_DEV="$1" | |
474 | OPT="$2" | |
475 | DEF_OPT="$3" | |
476 | shift 3 | |
477 | L_OPTS="$*" | |
478 | PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)" | |
479 | PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts no$OPT $PARSEDOPTS1)" | |
480 | # Watch for a default atime in fstab | |
481 | FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)" | |
482 | if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT" > /dev/null ; then | |
483 | # option specified in fstab: extract the value and use it | |
484 | if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "no$OPT" > /dev/null ; then | |
485 | echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,no$OPT" | |
486 | else | |
487 | # no$OPT not found -- so we must have $OPT. | |
488 | echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT" | |
489 | fi | |
490 | else | |
491 | # option not specified in fstab -- choose the default. | |
492 | echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$DEF_OPT" | |
493 | fi | |
494 | } | |
495 | ||
496 | # Find out the state of a numbered option (e.g. "commit=NNN") in | |
497 | # fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the | |
498 | # value of the option in another mount options string. The device | |
499 | # is the first argument, and the option name the second. The | |
500 | # remainder is the mount options string in which the replacement | |
501 | # must be done. | |
502 | # | |
503 | # Example: | |
504 | # parse_mount_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 commit defaults,commit=7 | |
505 | # | |
506 | # If fstab contains, say, "commit=3,rw" for this filesystem, then the | |
507 | # result will be "rw,commit=3". | |
508 | parse_mount_opts_wfstab () { | |
509 | L_DEV="$1" | |
510 | OPT="$2" | |
511 | shift 2 | |
512 | L_OPTS="$*" | |
513 | PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)" | |
514 | # Watch for a default commit in fstab | |
515 | FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)" | |
516 | if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT=" > /dev/null ; then | |
517 | # option specified in fstab: extract the value, and use it | |
518 | echo -n "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=" | |
519 | echo ",$FSTAB_OPTS," | sed \ | |
520 | -e 's/.*,'"$OPT"'=//' \ | |
521 | -e 's/,.*//' | |
522 | else | |
523 | # option not specified in fstab: set it to 0 | |
524 | echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=0" | |
525 | fi | |
526 | } | |
527 | ||
528 | deduce_fstype () { | |
529 | MP="$1" | |
530 | # My root filesystem unfortunately has | |
531 | # type "unknown" in /etc/mtab. If we encounter | |
532 | # "unknown", we try to get the type from fstab. | |
533 | cat /etc/fstab | | |
534 | grep -v '^#' | | |
535 | while read FSTAB_DEV FSTAB_MP FSTAB_FST FSTAB_OPTS FSTAB_DUMP FSTAB_DUMP ; do | |
536 | if [ "$FSTAB_MP" = "$MP" ]; then | |
537 | echo $FSTAB_FST | |
538 | exit 0 | |
539 | fi | |
540 | done | |
541 | } | |
542 | ||
543 | if [ $DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME -eq 1 ] ; then | |
544 | NOATIME_OPT=",noatime" | |
545 | fi | |
546 | ||
547 | case "$1" in | |
548 | start) | |
549 | AGE=$((100*$MAX_AGE)) | |
550 | XFS_AGE=$(($XFS_HZ*$MAX_AGE)) | |
551 | echo -n "Starting laptop_mode" | |
552 | ||
553 | if [ -d /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf ] ; then | |
554 | # (For 2.4 and early 2.6.) | |
555 | # This only needs to be set, not reset -- it is only used when | |
556 | # laptop mode is enabled. | |
557 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf/lm_flush_age | |
558 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval | |
559 | elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then | |
560 | # (A couple of early 2.6 laptop mode patches had these.) | |
561 | # The same goes for these. | |
562 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer | |
563 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval | |
564 | elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer ] ; then | |
565 | # (2.6.6) | |
566 | # But not for these -- they are also used in normal | |
567 | # operation. | |
568 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer | |
569 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval | |
570 | elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then | |
571 | # (2.6.7 upwards) | |
572 | # And not for these either. These are in centisecs, | |
573 | # not USER_HZ, so we have to use $AGE, not $XFS_AGE. | |
574 | echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs | |
575 | echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs | |
576 | echo 3000 > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs | |
577 | fi | |
578 | ||
579 | case "$KLEVEL" in | |
580 | "2.4") | |
581 | echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode | |
582 | echo "30 500 0 0 $AGE $AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush | |
583 | ;; | |
584 | "2.6") | |
585 | echo 5 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode | |
586 | echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs | |
587 | echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs | |
588 | echo "$DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio | |
589 | echo "$DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio | |
590 | ;; | |
591 | esac | |
592 | if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ]; then | |
593 | cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do | |
594 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts "$OPTS")" | |
595 | if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then | |
596 | FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP) | |
597 | fi | |
598 | case "$FST" in | |
599 | "ext3"|"reiserfs") | |
600 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts commit "$OPTS")" | |
601 | mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS,commit=$MAX_AGE$NOATIME_OPT | |
602 | ;; | |
603 | "xfs") | |
604 | mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$OPTS$NOATIME_OPT | |
605 | ;; | |
606 | esac | |
607 | if [ -b $DEV ] ; then | |
608 | blockdev --setra $(($READAHEAD * 2)) $DEV | |
609 | fi | |
610 | done | |
611 | fi | |
612 | if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then | |
613 | for THISHD in $HD ; do | |
614 | /sbin/hdparm -S $BATT_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 | |
615 | /sbin/hdparm -B 1 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 | |
616 | done | |
617 | fi | |
618 | if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then | |
619 | if [ $CPU_MAXFREQ = 'slowest' ]; then | |
620 | CPU_MAXFREQ=`cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq` | |
621 | fi | |
622 | echo $CPU_MAXFREQ > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq | |
623 | fi | |
624 | echo "." | |
625 | ;; | |
626 | stop) | |
627 | U_AGE=$((100*$DEF_UPDATE)) | |
628 | B_AGE=$((100*$DEF_AGE)) | |
629 | echo -n "Stopping laptop_mode" | |
630 | echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode | |
631 | if [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer -a ! -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then | |
632 | # These need to be restored, if there are no lm_*. | |
633 | echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer | |
634 | echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval | |
635 | elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then | |
636 | # These need to be restored as well. | |
637 | echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs | |
638 | echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs | |
639 | echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs | |
640 | fi | |
641 | case "$KLEVEL" in | |
642 | "2.4") | |
643 | echo "30 500 0 0 $U_AGE $B_AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush | |
644 | ;; | |
645 | "2.6") | |
646 | echo "$U_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs | |
647 | echo "$B_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs | |
648 | echo "$DEF_DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio | |
649 | echo "$DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio | |
650 | ;; | |
651 | esac | |
652 | if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ] ; then | |
653 | cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do | |
654 | # Reset commit and atime options to defaults. | |
655 | if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then | |
656 | FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP) | |
657 | fi | |
658 | case "$FST" in | |
659 | "ext3"|"reiserfs") | |
660 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts_wfstab $DEV commit $OPTS)" | |
661 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $PARSEDOPTS)" | |
662 | mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS | |
663 | ;; | |
664 | "xfs") | |
665 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $OPTS)" | |
666 | mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS | |
667 | ;; | |
668 | esac | |
669 | if [ -b $DEV ] ; then | |
670 | blockdev --setra 256 $DEV | |
671 | fi | |
672 | done | |
673 | fi | |
674 | if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then | |
675 | for THISHD in $HD ; do | |
676 | /sbin/hdparm -S $AC_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 | |
677 | /sbin/hdparm -B 255 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 | |
678 | done | |
679 | fi | |
680 | if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then | |
681 | echo `cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq` > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq | |
682 | fi | |
683 | echo "." | |
684 | ;; | |
685 | *) | |
686 | echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" 2>&1 | |
687 | exit 1 | |
688 | ;; | |
689 | ||
690 | esac | |
691 | ||
692 | exit 0 | |
693 | --------------------CONTROL SCRIPT END------------------------------------------ | |
694 | ||
695 | ||
696 | ACPI integration | |
697 | ---------------- | |
698 | ||
699 | Dax Kelson submitted this so that the ACPI acpid daemon will | |
700 | kick off the laptop_mode script and run hdparm. The part that | |
701 | automatically disables laptop mode when the battery is low was | |
702 | writen by Jan Topinski. | |
703 | ||
704 | -----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter BEGIN------------------------------ | |
705 | event=ac_adapter | |
706 | action=/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh %e | |
707 | ----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter END--------------------------------- | |
708 | ||
709 | ||
710 | -----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery BEGIN--------------------------------- | |
711 | event=battery.* | |
712 | action=/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh %e | |
713 | ----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery END------------------------------------ | |
714 | ||
715 | ||
716 | ----------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh BEGIN----------------------------------- | |
717 | #!/bin/bash | |
718 | ||
719 | # ac on/offline event handler | |
720 | ||
721 | status=`awk '/^state: / { print $2 }' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/$2/state` | |
722 | ||
723 | case $status in | |
724 | "on-line") | |
725 | /sbin/laptop_mode stop | |
726 | exit 0 | |
727 | ;; | |
728 | "off-line") | |
729 | /sbin/laptop_mode start | |
730 | exit 0 | |
731 | ;; | |
732 | esac | |
733 | ---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh END-------------------------- | |
734 | ||
735 | ||
736 | ---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh BEGIN------------------- | |
737 | #! /bin/bash | |
738 | ||
739 | # Automatically disable laptop mode when the battery almost runs out. | |
740 | ||
741 | BATT_INFO=/proc/acpi/battery/$2/state | |
742 | ||
743 | if [[ -f /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ]] | |
744 | then | |
745 | LM=`cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode` | |
746 | if [[ $LM -gt 0 ]] | |
747 | then | |
748 | if [[ -f $BATT_INFO ]] | |
749 | then | |
750 | # Source the config file only now that we know we need | |
751 | if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then | |
752 | # Debian | |
753 | . /etc/default/laptop-mode | |
754 | elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then | |
755 | # Others | |
756 | . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode | |
757 | fi | |
758 | MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=${MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:-'10'} | |
759 | ||
760 | ACTION="`cat $BATT_INFO | grep charging | cut -c 26-`" | |
761 | if [[ ACTION -eq "discharging" ]] | |
762 | then | |
763 | PRESENT_RATE=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "present rate:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" ` | |
764 | REMAINING=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "remaining capacity:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" ` | |
765 | fi | |
766 | if (($REMAINING * 60 / $PRESENT_RATE < $MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES)) | |
767 | then | |
768 | /sbin/laptop_mode stop | |
769 | fi | |
770 | else | |
771 | logger -p daemon.warning "You are using laptop mode and your battery interface $BATT_INFO is missing. This may lead to loss of data when the battery runs out. Check kernel ACPI support and /proc/acpi/battery folder, and edit /etc/acpi/battery.sh to set BATT_INFO to the correct path." | |
772 | fi | |
773 | fi | |
774 | fi | |
775 | ---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh END-------------------- | |
776 | ||
777 | ||
778 | Monitoring tool | |
779 | --------------- | |
780 | ||
781 | Bartek Kania submitted this, it can be used to measure how much time your disk | |
782 | spends spun up/down. | |
783 | ||
784 | ---------------------------dslm.c BEGIN----------------------------------------- | |
785 | /* | |
786 | * Simple Disk Sleep Monitor | |
787 | * by Bartek Kania | |
788 | * Licenced under the GPL | |
789 | */ | |
790 | #include <unistd.h> | |
791 | #include <stdlib.h> | |
792 | #include <stdio.h> | |
793 | #include <fcntl.h> | |
794 | #include <errno.h> | |
795 | #include <time.h> | |
796 | #include <string.h> | |
797 | #include <signal.h> | |
798 | #include <sys/ioctl.h> | |
799 | #include <linux/hdreg.h> | |
800 | ||
801 | #ifdef DEBUG | |
802 | #define D(x) x | |
803 | #else | |
804 | #define D(x) | |
805 | #endif | |
806 | ||
807 | int endit = 0; | |
808 | ||
809 | /* Check if the disk is in powersave-mode | |
810 | * Most of the code is stolen from hdparm. | |
811 | * 1 = active, 0 = standby/sleep, -1 = unknown */ | |
812 | int check_powermode(int fd) | |
813 | { | |
814 | unsigned char args[4] = {WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE1,0,0,0}; | |
815 | int state; | |
816 | ||
817 | if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args) | |
818 | && (args[0] = WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE2) /* try again with 0x98 */ | |
819 | && ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)) { | |
820 | if (errno != EIO || args[0] != 0 || args[1] != 0) { | |
821 | state = -1; /* "unknown"; */ | |
822 | } else | |
823 | state = 0; /* "sleeping"; */ | |
824 | } else { | |
825 | state = (args[2] == 255) ? 1 : 0; | |
826 | } | |
827 | D(printf(" drive state is: %d\n", state)); | |
828 | ||
829 | return state; | |
830 | } | |
831 | ||
832 | char *state_name(int i) | |
833 | { | |
834 | if (i == -1) return "unknown"; | |
835 | if (i == 0) return "sleeping"; | |
836 | if (i == 1) return "active"; | |
837 | ||
838 | return "internal error"; | |
839 | } | |
840 | ||
841 | char *myctime(time_t time) | |
842 | { | |
843 | char *ts = ctime(&time); | |
844 | ts[strlen(ts) - 1] = 0; | |
845 | ||
846 | return ts; | |
847 | } | |
848 | ||
849 | void measure(int fd) | |
850 | { | |
851 | time_t start_time; | |
852 | int last_state; | |
853 | time_t last_time; | |
854 | int curr_state; | |
855 | time_t curr_time = 0; | |
856 | time_t time_diff; | |
857 | time_t active_time = 0; | |
858 | time_t sleep_time = 0; | |
859 | time_t unknown_time = 0; | |
860 | time_t total_time = 0; | |
861 | int changes = 0; | |
862 | float tmp; | |
863 | ||
864 | printf("Starting measurements\n"); | |
865 | ||
866 | last_state = check_powermode(fd); | |
867 | start_time = last_time = time(0); | |
868 | printf(" System is in state %s\n\n", state_name(last_state)); | |
869 | ||
870 | while(!endit) { | |
871 | sleep(1); | |
872 | curr_state = check_powermode(fd); | |
873 | ||
874 | if (curr_state != last_state || endit) { | |
875 | changes++; | |
876 | curr_time = time(0); | |
877 | time_diff = curr_time - last_time; | |
878 | ||
879 | if (last_state == 1) active_time += time_diff; | |
880 | else if (last_state == 0) sleep_time += time_diff; | |
881 | else unknown_time += time_diff; | |
882 | ||
883 | last_state = curr_state; | |
884 | last_time = curr_time; | |
885 | ||
886 | printf("%s: State-change to %s\n", myctime(curr_time), | |
887 | state_name(curr_state)); | |
888 | } | |
889 | } | |
890 | changes--; /* Compensate for SIGINT */ | |
891 | ||
892 | total_time = time(0) - start_time; | |
893 | printf("\nTotal running time: %lus\n", curr_time - start_time); | |
894 | printf(" State changed %d times\n", changes); | |
895 | ||
896 | tmp = (float)sleep_time / (float)total_time * 100; | |
897 | printf(" Time in sleep state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", sleep_time, tmp); | |
898 | tmp = (float)active_time / (float)total_time * 100; | |
899 | printf(" Time in active state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", active_time, tmp); | |
900 | tmp = (float)unknown_time / (float)total_time * 100; | |
901 | printf(" Time in unknown state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", unknown_time, tmp); | |
902 | } | |
903 | ||
904 | void ender(int s) | |
905 | { | |
906 | endit = 1; | |
907 | } | |
908 | ||
909 | void usage() | |
910 | { | |
911 | puts("usage: dslm [-w <time>] <disk>"); | |
912 | exit(0); | |
913 | } | |
914 | ||
ffd59dac | 915 | int main(int argc, char **argv) |
1da177e4 LT |
916 | { |
917 | int fd; | |
918 | char *disk = 0; | |
919 | int settle_time = 60; | |
920 | ||
921 | /* Parse the simple command-line */ | |
8c37bea1 RD |
922 | if (argc == 2) |
923 | disk = argv[1]; | |
924 | else if (argc == 4) { | |
925 | settle_time = atoi(argv[2]); | |
926 | disk = argv[3]; | |
1da177e4 LT |
927 | } else |
928 | usage(); | |
929 | ||
930 | if (!(fd = open(disk, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK))) { | |
931 | printf("Can't open %s, because: %s\n", disk, strerror(errno)); | |
932 | exit(-1); | |
933 | } | |
934 | ||
935 | if (settle_time) { | |
936 | printf("Waiting %d seconds for the system to settle down to " | |
937 | "'normal'\n", settle_time); | |
938 | sleep(settle_time); | |
939 | } else | |
940 | puts("Not waiting for system to settle down"); | |
941 | ||
942 | signal(SIGINT, ender); | |
943 | ||
944 | measure(fd); | |
945 | ||
946 | close(fd); | |
947 | ||
948 | return 0; | |
949 | } | |
950 | ---------------------------dslm.c END------------------------------------------- |