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bb2f9e9c PP |
1 | // Show ToC at a specific location for a GitHub rendering |
2 | ifdef::env-github[] | |
3 | :toc: macro | |
4 | endif::env-github[] | |
5 | ||
6 | ifndef::env-github[] | |
71aaa3f7 | 7 | :toc: left |
bb2f9e9c PP |
8 | endif::env-github[] |
9 | ||
10 | // This is to mimic what GitHub does so that anchors work in an offline | |
11 | // rendering too. | |
12 | :idprefix: | |
13 | :idseparator: - | |
71aaa3f7 | 14 | |
bb2f9e9c | 15 | // Other attributes |
71aaa3f7 PP |
16 | :py3: Python{nbsp}3 |
17 | ||
bb2f9e9c PP |
18 | = Normand |
19 | Philippe Proulx | |
20 | ||
df0f8552 PP |
21 | image::normand-logo.png[] |
22 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
23 | [.normal] |
24 | image:https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/normand.svg?label=Latest%20version[link="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/normand"] | |
25 | ||
26 | [.lead] | |
27 | _**Normand**_ is a text-to-binary processor with its own language. | |
28 | ||
29 | This package offers both a portable {py3} module and a command-line | |
30 | tool. | |
31 | ||
7a7b31e8 | 32 | WARNING: This version of Normand is 0.19, meaning both the Normand |
71aaa3f7 PP |
33 | language and the module/CLI interface aren't stable. |
34 | ||
bb2f9e9c PP |
35 | ifdef::env-github[] |
36 | // ToC location for a GitHub rendering | |
37 | toc::[] | |
38 | endif::env-github[] | |
39 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
40 | == Introduction |
41 | ||
42 | The purpose of Normand is to consume human-readable text representing | |
43 | bytes and to produce the corresponding binary data. | |
44 | ||
45 | .Simple bytes input. | |
46 | ==== | |
47 | Consider the following Normand input: | |
48 | ||
49 | ---- | |
50 | 4f 55 32 bb $167 fe %10100111 a9 $-32 | |
51 | ---- | |
52 | ||
53 | The generated nine bytes are: | |
54 | ||
55 | ---- | |
56 | 4f 55 32 bb a7 fe a7 a9 e0 | |
57 | ---- | |
58 | ==== | |
59 | ||
60 | As you can see in the last example, the fundamental unit of the Normand | |
61 | language is the _byte_. The order in which you list bytes will be the | |
62 | order of the generated data. | |
63 | ||
64 | The Normand language is more than simple lists of bytes, though. Its | |
65 | main features are: | |
66 | ||
67 | Comments, including a bunch of insignificant symbols which may improve readability:: | |
68 | + | |
69 | Input: | |
70 | + | |
71 | ---- | |
72 | ff bb %1101:0010 # This is a comment | |
73 | 78 29 af $192 # This too # 99 $-80 | |
74 | fe80::6257:18ff:fea3:4229 | |
75 | 60:57:18:a3:42:29 | |
76 | 10839636-5d65-4a68-8e6a-21608ddf7258 | |
77 | ---- | |
78 | + | |
79 | Output: | |
80 | + | |
81 | ---- | |
82 | ff bb d2 78 29 af c0 99 b0 fe 80 62 57 18 ff fe | |
83 | a3 42 29 60 57 18 a3 42 29 10 83 96 36 5d 65 4a | |
84 | 68 8e 6a 21 60 8d df 72 58 | |
85 | ---- | |
86 | ||
87 | Hexadecimal, decimal, and binary byte constants:: | |
88 | + | |
89 | Input: | |
90 | + | |
91 | ---- | |
92 | aa bb $247 $-89 %0011_0010 %11.01= 10/10 | |
93 | ---- | |
94 | + | |
95 | Output: | |
96 | + | |
97 | ---- | |
98 | aa bb f7 a7 32 da | |
99 | ---- | |
100 | ||
7a7b31e8 | 101 | Strings:: |
71aaa3f7 PP |
102 | + |
103 | Input: | |
104 | + | |
105 | ---- | |
106 | "hello world!" 00 | |
107 | u16le"stress\nverdict 🤣" | |
7a7b31e8 | 108 | s:latin3{hex(ICITTE)} |
71aaa3f7 PP |
109 | ---- |
110 | + | |
111 | Output: | |
112 | + | |
113 | ---- | |
114 | 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 00 73 00 74 ┆ hello world!•s•t | |
115 | 00 72 00 65 00 73 00 73 00 0a 00 76 00 65 00 72 ┆ •r•e•s•s•••v•e•r | |
7a7b31e8 PP |
116 | 00 64 00 69 00 63 00 74 00 20 00 3e d8 23 dd 30 ┆ •d•i•c•t• •>•#•0 |
117 | 78 32 66 ┆ x2f | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
118 | ---- |
119 | ||
120 | Labels: special variables holding the offset where they're defined:: | |
121 | + | |
122 | ---- | |
123 | <beg> b2 52 e3 bc 91 05 | |
124 | $100 $50 <chair> 33 9f fe | |
125 | 25 e9 89 8a <end> | |
126 | ---- | |
127 | ||
128 | Variables:: | |
129 | + | |
130 | ---- | |
131 | 5e 65 {tower = 47} c6 7f f2 c4 | |
132 | 44 {hurl = tower - 14} b5 {tower = hurl} 26 2d | |
133 | ---- | |
134 | + | |
135 | The value of a variable assignment is the evaluation of a valid {py3} | |
136 | expression which may include label and variable names. | |
137 | ||
269f6eb3 | 138 | Fixed-length number with a given length (8{nbsp}bits to 64{nbsp}bits) and byte order:: |
71aaa3f7 PP |
139 | + |
140 | Input: | |
141 | + | |
142 | ---- | |
143 | {strength = 4} | |
144 | {be} 67 <lbl> 44 $178 {(end - lbl) * 8 + strength : 16} $99 <end> | |
145 | {le} {-1993 : 32} | |
269f6eb3 | 146 | {-3.141593 : 64} |
71aaa3f7 PP |
147 | ---- |
148 | + | |
149 | Output: | |
150 | + | |
151 | ---- | |
269f6eb3 PP |
152 | 67 44 b2 00 2c 63 37 f8 ff ff 7f bd c2 82 fb 21 |
153 | 09 c0 | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
154 | ---- |
155 | + | |
269f6eb3 | 156 | The encoded number is the evaluation of a valid {py3} expression which |
05f81895 PP |
157 | may include label and variable names. |
158 | ||
159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEB128[LEB128] integer:: | |
160 | + | |
161 | Input: | |
162 | + | |
163 | ---- | |
164 | aa bb cc {-1993 : sleb128} <meow> dd ee ff | |
165 | {meow * 199 : uleb128} | |
166 | ---- | |
167 | + | |
168 | Output: | |
169 | + | |
170 | ---- | |
171 | aa bb cc b7 70 dd ee ff e3 07 | |
172 | ---- | |
173 | + | |
174 | The encoded integer is the evaluation of a valid {py3} expression which | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
175 | may include label and variable names. |
176 | ||
27d52a19 PP |
177 | Conditional:: |
178 | + | |
179 | Input: | |
180 | + | |
181 | ---- | |
182 | aa bb cc | |
183 | ||
184 | ( | |
185 | "foo" | |
186 | ||
187 | !if {ICITTE > 10} | |
188 | "bar" | |
12b5dbc0 PP |
189 | !else |
190 | "fight" | |
27d52a19 PP |
191 | !end |
192 | ) * 4 | |
193 | ---- | |
194 | + | |
195 | Output: | |
196 | + | |
197 | ---- | |
12b5dbc0 PP |
198 | aa bb cc 66 6f 6f 66 69 67 68 74 66 6f 6f 66 69 ┆ •••foofightfoofi |
199 | 67 68 74 66 6f 6f 62 61 72 66 6f 6f 62 61 72 ┆ ghtfoobarfoobar | |
27d52a19 PP |
200 | ---- |
201 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
202 | Repetition:: |
203 | + | |
204 | Input: | |
205 | + | |
206 | ---- | |
2adf4336 | 207 | aa bb * 5 cc <zoom> "yeah\0" * {zoom * 3} |
e57a18e1 PP |
208 | |
209 | !repeat 3 | |
210 | ff ee "juice" | |
211 | !end | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
212 | ---- |
213 | + | |
214 | Output: | |
215 | + | |
216 | ---- | |
2adf4336 PP |
217 | aa bb bb bb bb bb cc 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 ┆ •••••••yeah•yeah |
218 | 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 ┆ •yeah•yeah•yeah• | |
219 | 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 ┆ yeah•yeah•yeah•y | |
220 | 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 ┆ eah•yeah•yeah•ye | |
221 | 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 ┆ ah•yeah•yeah•yea | |
222 | 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 ┆ h•yeah•yeah•yeah | |
71aaa3f7 | 223 | 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 ┆ •yeah•yeah•yeah• |
e57a18e1 PP |
224 | ff ee 6a 75 69 63 65 ff ee 6a 75 69 63 65 ff ee ┆ ••juice••juice•• |
225 | 6a 75 69 63 65 ┆ juice | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
226 | ---- |
227 | ||
676f6189 PP |
228 | Alignment:: |
229 | + | |
230 | Input: | |
231 | + | |
232 | ---- | |
233 | {be} | |
234 | ||
235 | {199:32} | |
236 | @64 {43:64} | |
237 | @16 {-123:16} | |
238 | @32~255 {5584:32} | |
239 | ---- | |
240 | + | |
241 | Output: | |
242 | + | |
243 | ---- | |
244 | 00 00 00 c7 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2b | |
245 | ff 85 ff ff 00 00 15 d0 | |
246 | ---- | |
71aaa3f7 | 247 | |
25ca454b PP |
248 | Filling:: |
249 | + | |
250 | Input: | |
251 | + | |
252 | ---- | |
253 | {le} | |
254 | {0xdeadbeef:32} | |
255 | {-1993:16} | |
256 | {9:16} | |
257 | +0x40 | |
258 | {ICITTE:8} | |
259 | "meow mix" | |
fc21bb27 | 260 | +200~FFh |
25ca454b PP |
261 | {ICITTE:8} |
262 | ---- | |
263 | + | |
264 | Output: | |
265 | + | |
266 | ---- | |
267 | ef be ad de 37 f8 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┆ ••••7••••••••••• | |
268 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
269 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
270 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
271 | 40 6d 65 6f 77 20 6d 69 78 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ┆ @meow mix••••••• | |
272 | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
273 | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
274 | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
275 | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
276 | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
277 | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
278 | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
279 | ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff c8 ┆ ••••••••• | |
280 | ---- | |
281 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
282 | Multilevel grouping:: |
283 | + | |
284 | Input: | |
285 | + | |
286 | ---- | |
287 | ff ((aa bb "zoom" cc) * 5) * 3 $-34 * 4 | |
288 | ---- | |
289 | + | |
290 | Output: | |
291 | + | |
292 | ---- | |
293 | ff aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa ┆ •••zoom•••zoom•• | |
294 | bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a ┆ •zoom•••zoom•••z | |
295 | 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f ┆ oom•••zoom•••zoo | |
296 | 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc ┆ m•••zoom•••zoom• | |
297 | aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb ┆ ••zoom•••zoom••• | |
298 | 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f ┆ zoom•••zoom•••zo | |
299 | 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc de de de de ┆ om•••zoom••••• | |
300 | ---- | |
301 | ||
320644e2 PP |
302 | Macros:: |
303 | + | |
304 | Input: | |
305 | + | |
306 | ---- | |
307 | !macro hello(world) | |
308 | "hello" | |
309 | !if world " world" !end | |
310 | !end | |
311 | ||
312 | !repeat 17 | |
313 | ff ff ff ff | |
314 | m:hello({ICITTE > 15 and ICITTE < 60}) | |
315 | !end | |
316 | ---- | |
317 | + | |
318 | Output: | |
319 | + | |
320 | ---- | |
321 | ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c 6c 6f ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c ┆ ••••hello••••hel | |
322 | 6c 6f ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c ┆ lo••••hello worl | |
323 | 64 ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 ┆ d••••hello world | |
324 | ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 ff ┆ ••••hello world• | |
325 | ff ff ff 68 65 6c 6c 6f ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c 6c ┆ •••hello••••hell | |
326 | 6f ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c 6c 6f ff ff ff ff 68 65 ┆ o••••hello••••he | |
327 | 6c 6c 6f ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c 6c 6f ff ff ff ff ┆ llo••••hello•••• | |
328 | 68 65 6c 6c 6f ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c 6c 6f ff ff ┆ hello••••hello•• | |
329 | ff ff 68 65 6c 6c 6f ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c 6c 6f ┆ ••hello••••hello | |
330 | ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c 6c 6f ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c ┆ ••••hello••••hel | |
331 | 6c 6f ff ff ff ff 68 65 6c 6c 6f ┆ lo••••hello | |
332 | ---- | |
333 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
334 | Precise error reporting:: |
335 | + | |
336 | ---- | |
337 | /tmp/meow.normand:10:24 - Expecting a bit (`0` or `1`). | |
338 | ---- | |
339 | + | |
340 | ---- | |
341 | /tmp/meow.normand:32:6 - Unexpected character `k`. | |
342 | ---- | |
343 | + | |
344 | ---- | |
320644e2 | 345 | /tmp/meow.normand:24:19 - Illegal (unknown or unreachable) variable/label name `meow` in expression `(meow - 45) // 8`; the legal names are {`ICITTE`, `mix`, `zoom`}. |
71aaa3f7 PP |
346 | ---- |
347 | + | |
348 | ---- | |
f5dcb24c PP |
349 | /tmp/meow.normand:32:19 - While expanding the macro `meow`: |
350 | /tmp/meow.normand:35:5 - While expanding the macro `zzz`: | |
320644e2 | 351 | /tmp/meow.normand:18:9 - Value 315 is outside the 8-bit range when evaluating expression `end - ICITTE`. |
71aaa3f7 PP |
352 | ---- |
353 | ||
354 | You can use Normand to track data source files in your favorite VCS | |
355 | instead of raw binary files. The binary files that Normand generates can | |
356 | be used to test file format decoding, including malformatted data, for | |
357 | example, as well as for education. | |
358 | ||
359 | See <<learn-normand>> to explore all the Normand features. | |
360 | ||
361 | == Install Normand | |
362 | ||
363 | Normand requires Python ≥ 3.4. | |
364 | ||
365 | To install Normand: | |
366 | ||
367 | ---- | |
368 | $ python3 -m pip install --user normand | |
369 | ---- | |
370 | ||
371 | See | |
372 | https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/installing-packages/#installing-to-the-user-site[Installing to the User Site] | |
373 | to learn more about a user site installation. | |
374 | ||
375 | [NOTE] | |
376 | ==== | |
377 | Normand has a single module file, `normand.py`, which you can copy as is | |
af3cf417 | 378 | to your project to use it (both the <<python3-api,`normand.parse()`>> |
71aaa3f7 PP |
379 | function and the <<command-line-tool,command-line tool>>). |
380 | ||
381 | `normand.py` has _no external dependencies_, but if you're using | |
382 | Python{nbsp}3.4, you'll need a local copy of the standard `typing` | |
383 | module. | |
384 | ==== | |
385 | ||
43937a34 PP |
386 | == Design goals |
387 | ||
388 | The design goals of Normand are: | |
389 | ||
390 | Portability:: | |
391 | We're making sure `normand.py` works with Python{nbsp}≥{nbsp}3.4 and | |
392 | doesn't have any external dependencies so that you may just copy the | |
393 | module as is to your own project. | |
394 | ||
395 | Ease of use:: | |
396 | The most basic Normand input is a sequence of hexadecimal constants | |
397 | (for example, `4e6f726d616e64`) which produce exactly what you'd | |
398 | expect. | |
399 | + | |
400 | Most Normand features map to programming language concepts you already | |
401 | know and understand: constant integers, literal strings, variables, | |
402 | conditionals, repetitions/loops, and the rest. | |
403 | ||
404 | Concise and readable input:: | |
405 | We could have chosen XML or YAML as the input format, but having a | |
406 | DSL here makes a Normand input compact and easy to read, two | |
407 | important traits when using Normand to write tests, for example. | |
408 | + | |
409 | Compare the following Normand input and some hypothetical XML | |
410 | equivalent, for example: | |
411 | + | |
412 | .Actual normand input. | |
413 | ---- | |
414 | ff dd 01 ab $192 $-128 %1101:0011 | |
415 | ||
416 | {end:8} | |
417 | ||
418 | {iter = 1} | |
419 | ||
420 | !if {not something} | |
421 | # five times because xyz | |
422 | !repeat 5 | |
423 | "hello world " {iter:8} | |
424 | {iter = iter + 1} | |
425 | !end | |
426 | !end | |
427 | ||
428 | <end> | |
429 | ---- | |
430 | + | |
431 | .Hypothetical Normand XML input. | |
432 | [source,xml] | |
433 | ---- | |
434 | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> | |
435 | <group> | |
436 | <byte base="x" val="ff" /> | |
437 | <byte base="x" val="dd" /> | |
438 | <byte base="x" val="1" /> | |
439 | <byte base="x" val="ab" /> | |
440 | <byte base="d" val="192" /> | |
441 | <byte base="d" val="-128" /> | |
442 | <byte base="b" val="11010011" /> | |
443 | <fixed-len-num expr="end" len="8" /> | |
444 | <var-assign name="iter" expr="1" /> | |
445 | <cond expr="not something"> | |
446 | <!-- five times because xyz --> | |
447 | <repeat expr="5"> | |
448 | <str>hello world </str> | |
449 | <fixed-len-num expr="iter" len="8" /> | |
450 | <var-assign name="iter" expr="iter + 1" /> | |
451 | </repeat> | |
452 | </cond> | |
453 | <label name="end" /> | |
454 | </group> | |
455 | ---- | |
456 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
457 | == Learn Normand |
458 | ||
459 | A Normand text input is a sequence of items which represent a sequence | |
460 | of raw bytes. | |
461 | ||
462 | [[state]] During the processing of items to data, Normand relies on a | |
463 | current state: | |
464 | ||
465 | [%header%autowidth] | |
466 | |=== | |
af3cf417 | 467 | |State variable |Description |Initial value: <<python3-api,{py3} API>> |Initial value: <<command-line-tool,CLI>> |
71aaa3f7 PP |
468 | |
469 | |[[cur-offset]] Current offset | |
470 | | | |
05f81895 | 471 | The current offset has an effect on the value of <<label,labels>> and of |
269f6eb3 | 472 | the special `ICITTE` name in <<fixed-length-number,fixed-length |
7a7b31e8 | 473 | number>>, <<leb-128-integer,LEB128 integer>>, <<string,string>>, |
f63f4a5d | 474 | <<filling,filling>>, <<variable-assignment,variable assignment>>, |
27d52a19 | 475 | <<conditional-block,conditional block>>, <<repetition-block,repetition |
320644e2 PP |
476 | block>>, <<macro-expansion,macro expansion>>, and |
477 | <<post-item-repetition,post-item repetition>> expression evaluation. | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
478 | |
479 | Each generated byte increments the current offset. | |
480 | ||
481 | A <<current-offset-setting,current offset setting>> may change the | |
676f6189 PP |
482 | current offset without generating data. |
483 | ||
484 | An <<current-offset-alignment,current offset alignment>> generates | |
485 | padding bytes to make the current offset satisfy a given alignment. | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
486 | |`init_offset` parameter of the `parse()` function. |
487 | |`--offset` option. | |
488 | ||
489 | |[[cur-bo]] Current byte order | |
490 | | | |
05f81895 | 491 | The current byte order has an effect on the encoding of |
269f6eb3 | 492 | <<fixed-length-number,fixed-length numbers>>. |
71aaa3f7 PP |
493 | |
494 | A <<current-byte-order-setting,current byte order setting>> may change | |
495 | the current byte order. | |
496 | |`init_byte_order` parameter of the `parse()` function. | |
497 | |`--byte-order` option. | |
498 | ||
499 | |<<label,Labels>> | |
500 | |Mapping of label names to integral values. | |
501 | |`init_labels` parameter of the `parse()` function. | |
502 | |One or more `--label` options. | |
503 | ||
504 | |<<variable-assignment,Variables>> | |
27d52a19 | 505 | |Mapping of variable names to integral or floating point number values. |
71aaa3f7 | 506 | |`init_variables` parameter of the `parse()` function. |
7a7b31e8 | 507 | |One or more `--var` or `--var-str` options. |
71aaa3f7 PP |
508 | |=== |
509 | ||
510 | The available items are: | |
511 | ||
6dd69a2a PP |
512 | * A <<byte-constant,constant integer>> representing one or more |
513 | constant bytes. | |
71aaa3f7 | 514 | |
7a7b31e8 PP |
515 | * A <<literal-string,literal string>> representing a constant sequence |
516 | of bytes encoding UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32, or Latin-1 to Latin-10 data. | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
517 | |
518 | * A <<current-byte-order-setting,current byte order setting>> (big or | |
519 | little endian). | |
520 | ||
269f6eb3 PP |
521 | * A <<fixed-length-number,fixed-length number>> (integer or |
522 | floating point) using the <<cur-bo,current byte order>> and of which | |
523 | the value is the result of a {py3} expression. | |
05f81895 PP |
524 | |
525 | * An <<leb128-integer,LEB128 integer>> of which the value is the result | |
526 | of a {py3} expression. | |
71aaa3f7 | 527 | |
7a7b31e8 PP |
528 | * A <<string,string>> representing a sequence of bytes encoding UTF-8, |
529 | UTF-16, UTF-32, or Latin-1 to Latin-10 data, and of which the value is | |
530 | the result of a {py3} expression. | |
531 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
532 | * A <<current-offset-setting,current offset setting>>. |
533 | ||
676f6189 PP |
534 | * A <<current-offset-alignment,current offset alignment>>. |
535 | ||
25ca454b PP |
536 | * A <<filling,filling>>. |
537 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
538 | * A <<label,label>>, that is, a named constant holding the current |
539 | offset. | |
540 | + | |
541 | This is similar to an assembly label. | |
542 | ||
543 | * A <<variable-assignment,variable assignment>> associating a name to | |
544 | the integral result of an evaluated {py3} expression. | |
545 | ||
546 | * A <<group,group>>, that is, a scoped sequence of items. | |
547 | ||
27d52a19 PP |
548 | * A <<conditional-block,conditional block>>. |
549 | ||
e57a18e1 PP |
550 | * A <<repetition-block,repetition block>>. |
551 | ||
320644e2 PP |
552 | * A <<macro-definition-block,macro definition block>>. |
553 | ||
554 | * A <<macro-expansion,macro expansion>>. | |
555 | ||
e57a18e1 PP |
556 | Moreover, you can repeat many items above a constant or variable number |
557 | of times with the ``pass:[*]`` operator _after_ the item to repeat. This | |
558 | is called a <<post-item-repetition,post-item repetition>>. | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
559 | |
560 | A Normand comment may exist: | |
561 | ||
562 | * Between items, possibly within a group. | |
563 | * Between the nibbles of a constant hexadecimal byte. | |
564 | * Between the bits of a constant binary byte. | |
e57a18e1 PP |
565 | * Between the last item and the ``pass:[*]`` character of a post-item |
566 | repetition, and between that ``pass:[*]`` character and the following | |
567 | number or expression. | |
261c5ecf PP |
568 | * Between the ``!repeat``/``!r`` block opening and the following |
569 | constant integer, name, or expression of a repetition block. | |
570 | * Between the ``!if`` block opening and the following name or expression | |
571 | of a conditional block. | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
572 | |
573 | A comment is anything between two ``pass:[#]`` characters on the same | |
574 | line, or from ``pass:[#]`` until the end of the line. Whitespaces and | |
575 | the following symbol characters are also considered comments where a | |
576 | comment may exist: | |
577 | ||
578 | ---- | |
25ca454b | 579 | / \ ? & : ; . , [ ] _ = | - |
71aaa3f7 PP |
580 | ---- |
581 | ||
582 | The latter serve to improve readability so that you may write, for | |
583 | example, a MAC address or a UUID as is. | |
584 | ||
fc21bb27 PP |
585 | [[const-int]] Many items require a _constant integer_, possibly |
586 | negative, in which case it may start with `-` for a negative integer. A | |
587 | positive constant integer is any of: | |
588 | ||
589 | Decimal:: | |
590 | One or mode digits (`0` to `9`). | |
591 | ||
592 | Hexadecimal:: | |
593 | One of: | |
594 | + | |
595 | * The `0x` or `0X` prefix followed with one or more hexadecimal digits | |
596 | (`0` to `9`, `a` to `f`, or `A` to `F`). | |
597 | * One or more hexadecimal digits followed with the `h` or `H` suffix. | |
598 | ||
599 | Octal:: | |
600 | One of: | |
601 | + | |
602 | * The `0o` or `0O` prefix followed with one or more octal digits | |
603 | (`0` to `7`). | |
604 | * One or more octal digits followed with the `o`, `O`, `q`, or `Q` | |
605 | suffix. | |
606 | ||
607 | Binary:: | |
608 | One of: | |
609 | + | |
610 | * The `0b` or `0B` prefix followed with one or more bits (`0` or `1`). | |
611 | * One or more bits followed with the `b` or `B` suffix. | |
612 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
613 | You can test the examples of this section with the `normand` |
614 | <<command-line-tool,command-line tool>> as such: | |
615 | ||
616 | ---- | |
617 | $ normand file | hexdump -C | |
618 | ---- | |
619 | ||
620 | where `file` is the name of a file containing the Normand input. | |
621 | ||
622 | === Byte constant | |
623 | ||
6dd69a2a | 624 | A _byte constant_ represents one or more constant bytes. |
71aaa3f7 PP |
625 | |
626 | A byte constant is: | |
627 | ||
628 | Hexadecimal form:: | |
6dd69a2a | 629 | Two consecutive hexadecimal digits representing a single byte. |
71aaa3f7 PP |
630 | |
631 | Decimal form:: | |
6dd69a2a | 632 | One or more digits after the `$` prefix representing a single byte. |
71aaa3f7 | 633 | |
6dd69a2a PP |
634 | Binary form:: {empty} |
635 | + | |
636 | -- | |
637 | . __**N**__ `%` prefixes (at least one). | |
638 | + | |
639 | The number of `%` characters is the number of subsequent expected bytes. | |
640 | ||
641 | . __**N**__{nbsp}×{nbsp}8 bits (`0` or `1`). | |
642 | -- | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
643 | |
644 | ==== | |
645 | Input: | |
646 | ||
647 | ---- | |
648 | ab cd [3d 8F] CC | |
649 | ---- | |
650 | ||
651 | Output: | |
652 | ||
653 | ---- | |
654 | ab cd 3d 8f cc | |
655 | ---- | |
656 | ==== | |
657 | ||
658 | ==== | |
659 | Input: | |
660 | ||
661 | ---- | |
662 | $192 %1100/0011 $ -77 | |
663 | ---- | |
664 | ||
665 | Output: | |
666 | ||
667 | ---- | |
668 | c0 c3 b3 | |
669 | ---- | |
670 | ==== | |
671 | ||
672 | ==== | |
673 | Input: | |
674 | ||
675 | ---- | |
676 | 58f64689-6316-4d55-8a1a-04cada366172 | |
677 | fe80::6257:18ff:fea3:4229 | |
678 | ---- | |
679 | ||
680 | Output: | |
681 | ||
682 | ---- | |
683 | 58 f6 46 89 63 16 4d 55 8a 1a 04 ca da 36 61 72 ┆ X•F•c•MU•••••6ar | |
684 | fe 80 62 57 18 ff fe a3 42 29 ┆ ••bW••••B) | |
685 | ---- | |
686 | ==== | |
687 | ||
688 | ==== | |
689 | Input: | |
690 | ||
691 | ---- | |
692 | %01110011 %01100001 %01101100 %01110101 %01110100 | |
6dd69a2a | 693 | %%%1101:0010 11111111 #A#11 #B#00 #C#011 #D#1 |
71aaa3f7 PP |
694 | ---- |
695 | ||
696 | Output: | |
697 | ||
698 | ---- | |
6dd69a2a | 699 | 73 61 6c 75 74 d2 ff c7 ┆ salut••• |
71aaa3f7 PP |
700 | ---- |
701 | ==== | |
702 | ||
703 | === Literal string | |
704 | ||
7a7b31e8 PP |
705 | A _literal string_ represents the encoded bytes of a literal string |
706 | using the UTF-8, UTF-16, UTF-32, or Latin-1 to Latin-10 encoding. | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
707 | |
708 | The string to encode isn't implicitly null-terminated: use `\0` at the | |
709 | end of the string to add a null character. | |
710 | ||
711 | A literal string is: | |
712 | ||
7a7b31e8 PP |
713 | . **Optional**: one of the following encodings instead of the default |
714 | UTF-8: | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
715 | + |
716 | -- | |
717 | [horizontal] | |
7a7b31e8 PP |
718 | `s:u8`:: |
719 | `u8`:: | |
720 | UTF-8. | |
721 | ||
722 | `s:u16be`:: | |
723 | `u16be`:: | |
724 | UTF-16BE. | |
725 | ||
726 | `s:u16le`:: | |
727 | `u16le`:: | |
728 | UTF-16LE. | |
729 | ||
730 | `s:u32be`:: | |
731 | `u32be`:: | |
732 | UTF-32BE. | |
733 | ||
734 | `s:u32le`:: | |
735 | `u32le`:: | |
736 | UTF-32LE. | |
737 | ||
738 | `s:latin1`:: | |
739 | ISO/IEC 8859-1. | |
740 | ||
741 | `s:latin2`:: | |
742 | ISO/IEC 8859-2. | |
743 | ||
744 | `s:latin3`:: | |
745 | ISO/IEC 8859-3. | |
746 | ||
747 | `s:latin4`:: | |
748 | ISO/IEC 8859-4. | |
749 | ||
750 | `s:latin5`:: | |
751 | ISO/IEC 8859-9. | |
752 | ||
753 | `s:latin6`:: | |
754 | ISO/IEC 8859-10. | |
755 | ||
756 | `s:latin7`:: | |
757 | ISO/IEC 8859-13. | |
758 | ||
759 | `s:latin8`:: | |
760 | ISO/IEC 8859-14. | |
761 | ||
762 | `s:latin9`:: | |
763 | ISO/IEC 8859-15. | |
764 | ||
765 | `s:latin10`:: | |
766 | ISO/IEC 8859-16. | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
767 | -- |
768 | ||
769 | . The ``pass:["]`` prefix. | |
770 | ||
771 | . A sequence of zero or more characters, possibly containing escape | |
772 | sequences. | |
773 | + | |
774 | An escape sequence is the ``\`` character followed by one of: | |
775 | + | |
776 | -- | |
777 | [horizontal] | |
778 | `0`:: Null (U+0000) | |
779 | `a`:: Alert (U+0007) | |
780 | `b`:: Backspace (U+0008) | |
781 | `e`:: Escape (U+001B) | |
782 | `f`:: Form feed (U+000C) | |
783 | `n`:: End of line (U+000A) | |
784 | `r`:: Carriage return (U+000D) | |
785 | `t`:: Character tabulation (U+0009) | |
786 | `v`:: Line tabulation (U+000B) | |
787 | ``\``:: Reverse solidus (U+005C) | |
788 | ``pass:["]``:: Quotation mark (U+0022) | |
789 | -- | |
790 | ||
791 | . The ``pass:["]`` suffix. | |
792 | ||
793 | ==== | |
794 | Input: | |
795 | ||
796 | ---- | |
797 | "coucou tout le monde!" | |
798 | ---- | |
799 | ||
800 | Output: | |
801 | ||
802 | ---- | |
803 | 63 6f 75 63 6f 75 20 74 6f 75 74 20 6c 65 20 6d ┆ coucou tout le m | |
804 | 6f 6e 64 65 21 ┆ onde! | |
805 | ---- | |
806 | ==== | |
807 | ||
808 | ==== | |
809 | Input: | |
810 | ||
811 | ---- | |
812 | u16le"I am not young enough to know everything." | |
813 | ---- | |
814 | ||
815 | Output: | |
816 | ||
817 | ---- | |
818 | 49 00 20 00 61 00 6d 00 20 00 6e 00 6f 00 74 00 ┆ I• •a•m• •n•o•t• | |
819 | 20 00 79 00 6f 00 75 00 6e 00 67 00 20 00 65 00 ┆ •y•o•u•n•g• •e• | |
820 | 6e 00 6f 00 75 00 67 00 68 00 20 00 74 00 6f 00 ┆ n•o•u•g•h• •t•o• | |
821 | 20 00 6b 00 6e 00 6f 00 77 00 20 00 65 00 76 00 ┆ •k•n•o•w• •e•v• | |
822 | 65 00 72 00 79 00 74 00 68 00 69 00 6e 00 67 00 ┆ e•r•y•t•h•i•n•g• | |
823 | 2e 00 ┆ .• | |
824 | ---- | |
825 | ==== | |
826 | ||
827 | ==== | |
828 | Input: | |
829 | ||
830 | ---- | |
7a7b31e8 | 831 | s:u32be "\"illusion is the first\nof all pleasures\" 🦉" |
71aaa3f7 PP |
832 | ---- |
833 | ||
834 | Output: | |
835 | ||
836 | ---- | |
837 | 00 00 00 22 00 00 00 69 00 00 00 6c 00 00 00 6c ┆ •••"•••i•••l•••l | |
838 | 00 00 00 75 00 00 00 73 00 00 00 69 00 00 00 6f ┆ •••u•••s•••i•••o | |
839 | 00 00 00 6e 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 69 00 00 00 73 ┆ •••n••• •••i•••s | |
840 | 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 74 00 00 00 68 00 00 00 65 ┆ ••• •••t•••h•••e | |
841 | 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 66 00 00 00 69 00 00 00 72 ┆ ••• •••f•••i•••r | |
842 | 00 00 00 73 00 00 00 74 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 6f ┆ •••s•••t•••••••o | |
843 | 00 00 00 66 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 61 00 00 00 6c ┆ •••f••• •••a•••l | |
844 | 00 00 00 6c 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 70 00 00 00 6c ┆ •••l••• •••p•••l | |
845 | 00 00 00 65 00 00 00 61 00 00 00 73 00 00 00 75 ┆ •••e•••a•••s•••u | |
846 | 00 00 00 72 00 00 00 65 00 00 00 73 00 00 00 22 ┆ •••r•••e•••s•••" | |
847 | 00 00 00 20 00 01 f9 89 ┆ ••• •••• | |
848 | ---- | |
849 | ==== | |
850 | ||
7a7b31e8 PP |
851 | ==== |
852 | Input: | |
853 | ||
854 | ---- | |
855 | s:latin1 "Paul Piché" | |
856 | ---- | |
857 | ||
858 | Output: | |
859 | ||
860 | ---- | |
861 | 50 61 75 6c 20 50 69 63 68 e9 ┆ Paul Pich• | |
862 | ---- | |
863 | ==== | |
864 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
865 | === Current byte order setting |
866 | ||
867 | This special item sets the <<cur-bo,_current byte order_>>. | |
868 | ||
869 | The two accepted forms are: | |
870 | ||
871 | [horizontal] | |
872 | ``pass:[{be}]``:: Set the current byte order to big endian. | |
873 | ``pass:[{le}]``:: Set the current byte order to little endian. | |
874 | ||
269f6eb3 | 875 | === Fixed-length number |
71aaa3f7 | 876 | |
269f6eb3 PP |
877 | A _fixed-length number_ represents a fixed number of bytes encoding |
878 | either: | |
879 | ||
880 | * An unsigned or signed integer (two's complement). | |
881 | + | |
882 | The available lengths are 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, and 64. | |
883 | ||
884 | * A floating point number | |
b87a3aa2 | 885 | (https://standards.ieee.org/standard/754-2008.html[IEEE{nbsp}754-2008]). |
269f6eb3 PP |
886 | + |
887 | The available length are 32 (_binary32_) and 64 (_binary64_). | |
71aaa3f7 | 888 | |
269f6eb3 PP |
889 | The value is the result of evaluating a {py3} expression using the |
890 | <<cur-bo,current byte order>>. | |
891 | ||
892 | A fixed-length number is: | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
893 | |
894 | . The ``pass:[{]`` prefix. | |
895 | ||
896 | . A valid {py3} expression. | |
05f81895 | 897 | + |
269f6eb3 | 898 | For a fixed-length number at some source location{nbsp}__**L**__, this |
05f81895 PP |
899 | expression may contain the name of any accessible <<label,label>> (not |
900 | within a nested group), including the name of a label defined | |
901 | after{nbsp}__**L**__, as well as the name of any | |
902 | <<variable-assignment,variable>> known at{nbsp}__**L**__. | |
903 | + | |
269f6eb3 PP |
904 | The value of the special name `ICITTE` (`int` type) in this expression |
905 | is the <<cur-offset,current offset>> (before encoding the number). | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
906 | |
907 | . The `:` character. | |
908 | ||
269f6eb3 PP |
909 | . An encoding length in bits amongst: |
910 | + | |
911 | -- | |
27d52a19 | 912 | The expression evaluates to an `int` or `bool` value:: |
269f6eb3 | 913 | `8`, `16`, `24`, `32`, `40`, `48`, `56`, and `64`. |
27d52a19 PP |
914 | + |
915 | NOTE: Normand automatically converts a `bool` value to `int`. | |
269f6eb3 PP |
916 | |
917 | The expression evaluates to a `float` value:: | |
918 | `32` and `64`. | |
919 | -- | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
920 | |
921 | . The `}` suffix. | |
922 | ||
923 | ==== | |
924 | Input: | |
925 | ||
926 | ---- | |
927 | {le} {345:16} | |
928 | {be} {-0xabcd:32} | |
929 | ---- | |
930 | ||
931 | Output: | |
932 | ||
933 | ---- | |
934 | 59 01 ff ff 54 33 | |
935 | ---- | |
936 | ==== | |
937 | ||
938 | ==== | |
939 | Input: | |
940 | ||
941 | ---- | |
942 | {be} | |
943 | ||
944 | # String length in bits | |
945 | {8 * (str_end - str_beg) : 16} | |
946 | ||
947 | # String | |
948 | <str_beg> | |
949 | "hello world!" | |
950 | <str_end> | |
951 | ---- | |
952 | ||
953 | Output: | |
954 | ||
955 | ---- | |
956 | 00 60 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 ┆ •`hello world! | |
957 | ---- | |
958 | ==== | |
959 | ||
960 | ==== | |
961 | Input: | |
962 | ||
963 | ---- | |
964 | {20 - ICITTE : 8} * 10 | |
965 | ---- | |
966 | ||
967 | Output: | |
968 | ||
969 | ---- | |
970 | 14 13 12 11 10 0f 0e 0d 0c 0b | |
971 | ---- | |
972 | ==== | |
973 | ||
269f6eb3 PP |
974 | ==== |
975 | Input: | |
976 | ||
977 | ---- | |
978 | {le} | |
979 | {2 * 0.0529 : 32} | |
980 | ---- | |
981 | ||
982 | Output: | |
983 | ||
984 | ---- | |
985 | ac ad d8 3d | |
986 | ---- | |
987 | ==== | |
988 | ||
05f81895 PP |
989 | === LEB128 integer |
990 | ||
991 | An _LEB128 integer_ represents a variable number of bytes encoding an | |
992 | unsigned or signed integer which is the result of evaluating a {py3} | |
993 | expression following the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LEB128[LEB128] | |
994 | format. | |
995 | ||
996 | An LEB128 integer is: | |
997 | ||
998 | . The ``pass:[{]`` prefix. | |
999 | ||
27d52a19 PP |
1000 | . A valid {py3} expression of which the evaluation result type |
1001 | is `int` or `bool` (automatically converted to `int`). | |
05f81895 PP |
1002 | + |
1003 | For an LEB128 integer at some source location{nbsp}__**L**__, this | |
1004 | expression may contain: | |
1005 | + | |
1006 | -- | |
fc21bb27 PP |
1007 | * The name of any <<label,label>> defined before{nbsp}__**L**__ |
1008 | which isn't within a nested group. | |
320644e2 PP |
1009 | * The name of any <<variable-assignment,variable>> known |
1010 | at{nbsp}__**L**__. | |
05f81895 PP |
1011 | -- |
1012 | + | |
269f6eb3 PP |
1013 | The value of the special name `ICITTE` (`int` type) in this expression |
1014 | is the <<cur-offset,current offset>> (before encoding the integer). | |
05f81895 PP |
1015 | |
1016 | . The `:` character. | |
1017 | ||
1018 | . One of: | |
1019 | + | |
1020 | -- | |
1021 | [horizontal] | |
1022 | `uleb128`:: Use the unsigned LEB128 format. | |
1023 | `sleb128`:: Use the signed LEB128 format. | |
1024 | -- | |
1025 | ||
1026 | . The `}` suffix. | |
1027 | ||
1028 | ==== | |
1029 | Input: | |
1030 | ||
1031 | ---- | |
1032 | {624485 : uleb128} | |
1033 | ---- | |
1034 | ||
1035 | Output: | |
1036 | ||
1037 | ---- | |
1038 | e5 8e 26 | |
1039 | ---- | |
1040 | ==== | |
1041 | ||
1042 | ==== | |
1043 | Input: | |
1044 | ||
1045 | ---- | |
1046 | aa bb cc dd | |
1047 | <meow> | |
1048 | ee ff | |
1049 | {-981238311 + (meow * -23) : sleb128} | |
1050 | "hello" | |
1051 | ---- | |
1052 | ||
c2b79cf6 PP |
1053 | Output: |
1054 | ||
05f81895 PP |
1055 | ---- |
1056 | aa bb cc dd ee ff fd fa 8d ac 7c 68 65 6c 6c 6f ┆ ••••••••••|hello | |
1057 | ---- | |
1058 | ==== | |
1059 | ||
7a7b31e8 PP |
1060 | === String |
1061 | ||
1062 | A _string_ represents a variable number of bytes encoding a string which | |
1063 | is the result of evaluating a {py3} expression using the UTF-8, UTF-16, | |
1064 | UTF-32, or Latin-1 to Latin-10 encoding. | |
1065 | ||
1066 | A string has two possible forms: | |
1067 | ||
1068 | Encoding prefix form:: {empty} | |
1069 | + | |
1070 | . An encoding amongst: | |
1071 | + | |
1072 | -- | |
1073 | [horizontal] | |
1074 | `s:u8`:: | |
1075 | `u8`:: | |
1076 | UTF-8. | |
1077 | ||
1078 | `s:u16be`:: | |
1079 | `u16be`:: | |
1080 | UTF-16BE. | |
1081 | ||
1082 | `s:u16le`:: | |
1083 | `u16le`:: | |
1084 | UTF-16LE. | |
1085 | ||
1086 | `s:u32be`:: | |
1087 | `u32be`:: | |
1088 | UTF-32BE. | |
1089 | ||
1090 | `s:u32le`:: | |
1091 | `u32le`:: | |
1092 | UTF-32LE. | |
1093 | ||
1094 | `s:latin1`:: | |
1095 | ISO/IEC 8859-1. | |
1096 | ||
1097 | `s:latin2`:: | |
1098 | ISO/IEC 8859-2. | |
1099 | ||
1100 | `s:latin3`:: | |
1101 | ISO/IEC 8859-3. | |
1102 | ||
1103 | `s:latin4`:: | |
1104 | ISO/IEC 8859-4. | |
1105 | ||
1106 | `s:latin5`:: | |
1107 | ISO/IEC 8859-9. | |
1108 | ||
1109 | `s:latin6`:: | |
1110 | ISO/IEC 8859-10. | |
1111 | ||
1112 | `s:latin7`:: | |
1113 | ISO/IEC 8859-13. | |
1114 | ||
1115 | `s:latin8`:: | |
1116 | ISO/IEC 8859-14. | |
1117 | ||
1118 | `s:latin9`:: | |
1119 | ISO/IEC 8859-15. | |
1120 | ||
1121 | `s:latin10`:: | |
1122 | ISO/IEC 8859-16. | |
1123 | -- | |
1124 | ||
1125 | . The ``pass:[{]`` prefix. | |
1126 | ||
1127 | . A valid {py3} expression of which the evaluation result type | |
1128 | is `bool`, `int`, `float`, or `str` (the first three automatically | |
1129 | converted to `str`). | |
1130 | + | |
1131 | For a string at some source location{nbsp}__**L**__, this expression may | |
1132 | contain: | |
1133 | + | |
1134 | -- | |
1135 | * The name of any <<label,label>> defined before{nbsp}__**L**__ | |
1136 | which isn't within a nested group. | |
1137 | * The name of any <<variable-assignment,variable>> known | |
1138 | at{nbsp}__**L**__. | |
1139 | -- | |
1140 | + | |
1141 | The value of the special name `ICITTE` (`int` type) in this expression | |
1142 | is the <<cur-offset,current offset>> (before encoding the string). | |
1143 | ||
1144 | . The `}` suffix. | |
1145 | ||
1146 | Encoding suffix form:: {empty} | |
1147 | + | |
1148 | . The ``pass:[{]`` prefix. | |
1149 | ||
1150 | . A valid {py3} expression of which the evaluation result type | |
1151 | is `bool`, `int`, `float`, or `str` (the first three automatically | |
1152 | converted to `str`). | |
1153 | + | |
1154 | For a string at some source location{nbsp}__**L**__, this expression may | |
1155 | contain: | |
1156 | + | |
1157 | -- | |
1158 | * The name of any <<label,label>> defined before{nbsp}__**L**__ | |
1159 | which isn't within a nested group. | |
1160 | * The name of any <<variable-assignment,variable>> known | |
1161 | at{nbsp}__**L**__. | |
1162 | -- | |
1163 | + | |
1164 | The value of the special name `ICITTE` (`int` type) in this expression | |
1165 | is the <<cur-offset,current offset>> (before encoding the string). | |
1166 | ||
1167 | . The `:` character. | |
1168 | ||
1169 | . A string encoding amongst: | |
1170 | + | |
1171 | -- | |
1172 | [horizontal] | |
1173 | `s:u8`:: | |
1174 | UTF-8. | |
1175 | ||
1176 | `s:u16be`:: | |
1177 | UTF-16BE. | |
1178 | ||
1179 | `s:u16le`:: | |
1180 | UTF-16LE. | |
1181 | ||
1182 | `s:u32be`:: | |
1183 | UTF-32BE. | |
1184 | ||
1185 | `s:u32le`:: | |
1186 | UTF-32LE. | |
1187 | ||
1188 | `s:latin1`:: | |
1189 | ISO/IEC 8859-1. | |
1190 | ||
1191 | `s:latin2`:: | |
1192 | ISO/IEC 8859-2. | |
1193 | ||
1194 | `s:latin3`:: | |
1195 | ISO/IEC 8859-3. | |
1196 | ||
1197 | `s:latin4`:: | |
1198 | ISO/IEC 8859-4. | |
1199 | ||
1200 | `s:latin5`:: | |
1201 | ISO/IEC 8859-9. | |
1202 | ||
1203 | `s:latin6`:: | |
1204 | ISO/IEC 8859-10. | |
1205 | ||
1206 | `s:latin7`:: | |
1207 | ISO/IEC 8859-13. | |
1208 | ||
1209 | `s:latin8`:: | |
1210 | ISO/IEC 8859-14. | |
1211 | ||
1212 | `s:latin9`:: | |
1213 | ISO/IEC 8859-15. | |
1214 | ||
1215 | `s:latin10`:: | |
1216 | ISO/IEC 8859-16. | |
1217 | -- | |
1218 | ||
1219 | . The `}` suffix. | |
1220 | ||
1221 | ==== | |
1222 | Input: | |
1223 | ||
1224 | ---- | |
1225 | {iter = 1} | |
1226 | ||
1227 | !repeat 10 | |
1228 | {iter : s:u8} " " | |
1229 | {iter = iter + 1} | |
1230 | !end | |
1231 | ---- | |
1232 | ||
1233 | Output: | |
1234 | ||
1235 | ---- | |
1236 | 31 20 32 20 33 20 34 20 35 20 36 20 37 20 38 20 ┆ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | |
1237 | 39 20 31 30 20 ┆ 9 10 | |
1238 | ---- | |
1239 | ==== | |
1240 | ||
1241 | ==== | |
1242 | Input: | |
1243 | ||
1244 | ---- | |
1245 | {meow = 'salut jérémie'} | |
1246 | {meow.upper() : s:latin1} | |
1247 | ---- | |
1248 | ||
1249 | Output: | |
1250 | ||
1251 | ---- | |
1252 | 53 41 4c 55 54 20 4a c9 52 c9 4d 49 45 ┆ SALUT J•R•MIE | |
1253 | ---- | |
1254 | ==== | |
1255 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
1256 | === Current offset setting |
1257 | ||
1258 | This special item sets the <<cur-offset,_current offset_>>. | |
1259 | ||
1260 | A current offset setting is: | |
1261 | ||
1262 | . The `<` prefix. | |
1263 | ||
fc21bb27 PP |
1264 | . A <<const-int,positive constant integer>> which is the new current |
1265 | offset. | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
1266 | |
1267 | . The `>` suffix. | |
1268 | ||
1269 | ==== | |
1270 | Input: | |
1271 | ||
1272 | ---- | |
1273 | {ICITTE : 8} * 8 | |
1274 | <0x61> {ICITTE : 8} * 8 | |
1275 | ---- | |
1276 | ||
1277 | Output: | |
1278 | ||
1279 | ---- | |
1280 | 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 ┆ ••••••••abcdefgh | |
1281 | ---- | |
1282 | ==== | |
1283 | ||
1284 | ==== | |
1285 | Input: | |
1286 | ||
1287 | ---- | |
1288 | aa bb cc dd <meow> ee ff | |
1289 | <12> 11 22 33 <mix> 44 55 | |
1290 | {meow : 8} {mix : 8} | |
1291 | ---- | |
1292 | ||
1293 | Output: | |
1294 | ||
1295 | ---- | |
1296 | aa bb cc dd ee ff 11 22 33 44 55 04 0f ┆ •••••••"3DU•• | |
1297 | ---- | |
1298 | ==== | |
1299 | ||
676f6189 PP |
1300 | === Current offset alignment |
1301 | ||
00deb9fa | 1302 | A _current offset alignment_ represents zero or more padding bytes to |
676f6189 PP |
1303 | make the <<cur-offset,current offset>> meet a given |
1304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure_alignment[alignment] value. | |
1305 | ||
1306 | More specifically, for an alignment value of{nbsp}__**N**__{nbsp}bits, | |
1307 | a current offset alignment represents the required padding bytes until | |
1308 | the current offset is a multiple of __**N**__{nbsp}/{nbsp}8. | |
1309 | ||
1310 | A current offset alignment is: | |
1311 | ||
1312 | . The `@` prefix. | |
1313 | ||
fc21bb27 PP |
1314 | . A <<const-int,positive constant integer>> which is the alignment value |
1315 | in _bits_. | |
676f6189 PP |
1316 | + |
1317 | This value must be greater than zero and a multiple of{nbsp}8. | |
1318 | ||
1319 | . **Optional**: | |
1320 | + | |
1321 | -- | |
1322 | . The ``pass:[~]`` prefix. | |
fc21bb27 PP |
1323 | . A <<const-int,positive constant integer>> which is the value of the |
1324 | byte to use as padding to align the <<cur-offset,current offset>>. | |
676f6189 PP |
1325 | -- |
1326 | + | |
1327 | Without this section, the padding byte value is zero. | |
1328 | ||
1329 | ==== | |
1330 | Input: | |
1331 | ||
1332 | ---- | |
1333 | 11 22 (@32 aa bb cc) * 3 | |
1334 | ---- | |
1335 | ||
1336 | Output: | |
1337 | ||
1338 | ---- | |
1339 | 11 22 00 00 aa bb cc 00 aa bb cc 00 aa bb cc | |
1340 | ---- | |
1341 | ==== | |
1342 | ||
1343 | ==== | |
1344 | Input: | |
1345 | ||
1346 | ---- | |
1347 | {le} | |
1348 | 77 88 | |
1349 | @32~0xcc {-893.5:32} | |
1350 | @128~0x55 "meow" | |
1351 | ---- | |
1352 | ||
1353 | Output: | |
1354 | ||
1355 | ---- | |
1356 | 77 88 cc cc 00 60 5f c4 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 ┆ w••••`_•UUUUUUUU | |
1357 | 6d 65 6f 77 ┆ meow | |
1358 | ---- | |
1359 | ==== | |
1360 | ||
1361 | ==== | |
1362 | Input: | |
1363 | ||
1364 | ---- | |
1365 | aa bb cc <29> @64~255 "zoom" | |
1366 | ---- | |
1367 | ||
1368 | Output: | |
1369 | ||
1370 | ---- | |
1371 | aa bb cc ff ff ff 7a 6f 6f 6d ┆ ••••••zoom | |
1372 | ---- | |
1373 | ==== | |
1374 | ||
25ca454b PP |
1375 | === Filling |
1376 | ||
1377 | A _filling_ represents zero or more padding bytes to make the | |
1378 | <<cur-offset,current offset>> reach a given value. | |
1379 | ||
1380 | A filling is: | |
1381 | ||
1382 | . The ``pass:[+]`` prefix. | |
1383 | ||
1384 | . One of: | |
1385 | ||
fc21bb27 PP |
1386 | ** A <<const-int,positive constant integer>> which is the current offset |
1387 | target. | |
25ca454b PP |
1388 | |
1389 | ** The ``pass:[{]`` prefix, a valid {py3} expression of which the | |
1390 | evaluation result type is `int` or `bool` (automatically converted to | |
1391 | `int`), and the ``pass:[}]`` suffix. | |
1392 | + | |
1393 | For a filling at some source location{nbsp}__**L**__, this expression | |
1394 | may contain: | |
1395 | + | |
1396 | -- | |
1397 | * The name of any <<label,label>> defined before{nbsp}__**L**__ | |
1398 | which isn't within a nested group. | |
1399 | * The name of any <<variable-assignment,variable>> known | |
1400 | at{nbsp}__**L**__. | |
1401 | -- | |
1402 | + | |
1403 | The value of the special name `ICITTE` (`int` type) in this expression | |
1404 | is the <<cur-offset,current offset>> (before handling the items to | |
1405 | repeat). | |
1406 | ||
1407 | ** A valid {py3} name. | |
1408 | + | |
1409 | For the name `__NAME__`, this is equivalent to the | |
1410 | `pass:[{]__NAME__pass:[}]` form above. | |
1411 | ||
1412 | + | |
1413 | This value must be greater than or equal to the current offset where | |
1414 | it's used. | |
1415 | ||
1416 | . **Optional**: | |
1417 | + | |
1418 | -- | |
1419 | . The ``pass:[~]`` prefix. | |
fc21bb27 PP |
1420 | . A <<const-int,positive constant integer>> which is the value of the |
1421 | byte to use as padding to reach the current offset target. | |
25ca454b PP |
1422 | -- |
1423 | + | |
1424 | Without this section, the padding byte value is zero. | |
1425 | ||
1426 | ==== | |
1427 | Input: | |
1428 | ||
1429 | ---- | |
1430 | aa bb cc dd | |
1431 | +0x40 | |
1432 | "hello world" | |
1433 | ---- | |
1434 | ||
1435 | Output: | |
1436 | ||
1437 | ---- | |
1438 | aa bb cc dd 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1439 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1440 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1441 | 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1442 | 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 ┆ hello world | |
1443 | ---- | |
1444 | ==== | |
1445 | ||
1446 | ==== | |
1447 | Input: | |
1448 | ||
1449 | ---- | |
1450 | !macro part(iter, fill) | |
1451 | <0> "particular security " {ord('0') + iter : 8} +fill~0x80 | |
1452 | !end | |
1453 | ||
1454 | {iter = 1} | |
1455 | ||
1456 | !repeat 5 | |
1457 | m:part(iter, {32 + 4 * iter}) | |
1458 | {iter = iter + 1} | |
1459 | !end | |
1460 | ---- | |
1461 | ||
1462 | Output: | |
1463 | ||
1464 | ---- | |
1465 | 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 20 73 65 63 75 72 ┆ particular secur | |
1466 | 69 74 79 20 31 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 ┆ ity 1••••••••••• | |
1467 | 80 80 80 80 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6c 61 72 20 73 ┆ ••••particular s | |
1468 | 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 20 32 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 ┆ ecurity 2••••••• | |
1469 | 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 70 61 72 74 ┆ ••••••••••••part | |
1470 | 69 63 75 6c 61 72 20 73 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 20 ┆ icular security | |
1471 | 33 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 ┆ 3••••••••••••••• | |
1472 | 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6c ┆ ••••••••particul | |
1473 | 61 72 20 73 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 20 34 80 80 80 ┆ ar security 4••• | |
1474 | 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1475 | 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 70 61 72 74 69 63 75 6c ┆ ••••••••particul | |
1476 | 61 72 20 73 65 63 75 72 69 74 79 20 35 80 80 80 ┆ ar security 5••• | |
1477 | 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1478 | 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 ┆ •••••••••••• | |
1479 | ---- | |
1480 | ==== | |
1481 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
1482 | === Label |
1483 | ||
1484 | A _label_ associates a name to the <<cur-offset,current offset>>. | |
1485 | ||
1486 | All the labels of a whole Normand input must have unique names. | |
1487 | ||
05f81895 | 1488 | A label must not share the name of a <<variable-assignment,variable>> |
71aaa3f7 PP |
1489 | name. |
1490 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
1491 | A label is: |
1492 | ||
1493 | . The `<` prefix. | |
1494 | ||
27d52a19 | 1495 | . A valid {py3} name which is not `ICITTE`. |
71aaa3f7 PP |
1496 | |
1497 | . The `>` suffix. | |
1498 | ||
1499 | === Variable assignment | |
1500 | ||
1501 | A _variable assignment_ associates a name to the integral result of an | |
1502 | evaluated {py3} expression. | |
1503 | ||
05f81895 | 1504 | A variable assignment is: |
71aaa3f7 PP |
1505 | |
1506 | . The ``pass:[{]`` prefix. | |
1507 | ||
27d52a19 | 1508 | . A valid {py3} name which is not `ICITTE`. |
71aaa3f7 PP |
1509 | |
1510 | . The `=` character. | |
1511 | ||
7a7b31e8 PP |
1512 | . A valid {py3} expression of which the evaluation result type is `int`, |
1513 | `float`, or `bool` (automatically converted to `int`), or `str`. | |
05f81895 PP |
1514 | + |
1515 | For a variable assignment at some source location{nbsp}__**L**__, this | |
320644e2 PP |
1516 | expression may contain: |
1517 | + | |
1518 | -- | |
1519 | * The name of any <<label,label>> defined before{nbsp}__**L**__ | |
1520 | which isn't within a nested group. | |
1521 | * The name of any <<variable-assignment,variable>> known | |
1522 | at{nbsp}__**L**__. | |
1523 | -- | |
05f81895 | 1524 | + |
269f6eb3 PP |
1525 | The value of the special name `ICITTE` (`int` type) in this expression |
1526 | is the <<cur-offset,current offset>>. | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
1527 | |
1528 | . The `}` suffix. | |
1529 | ||
1530 | ==== | |
1531 | Input: | |
1532 | ||
1533 | ---- | |
1534 | {mix = 101} {le} | |
1535 | {meow = 42} 11 22 {meow:8} 33 {meow = ICITTE + 17} | |
1536 | "yooo" {meow + mix : 16} | |
1537 | ---- | |
1538 | ||
1539 | Output: | |
1540 | ||
1541 | ---- | |
1542 | 11 22 2a 33 79 6f 6f 6f 7a 00 ┆ •"*3yoooz• | |
1543 | ---- | |
1544 | ==== | |
1545 | ||
1546 | === Group | |
1547 | ||
1548 | A _group_ is a scoped sequence of items. | |
1549 | ||
1550 | The <<label,labels>> within a group aren't visible outside of it. | |
1551 | ||
e57a18e1 PP |
1552 | The main purpose of a group is to <<post-item-repetition,repeat>> more |
1553 | than a single item and to isolate labels. | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
1554 | |
1555 | A group is: | |
1556 | ||
261c5ecf | 1557 | . The `(`, `!group`, or `!g` opening. |
71aaa3f7 PP |
1558 | |
1559 | . Zero or more items. | |
1560 | ||
261c5ecf PP |
1561 | . Depending on the group opening: |
1562 | + | |
1563 | -- | |
1564 | `(`:: | |
1565 | The `)` closing. | |
1566 | ||
1567 | `!group`:: | |
1568 | `!g`:: | |
1569 | The `!end` closing. | |
1570 | -- | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
1571 | |
1572 | ==== | |
1573 | Input: | |
1574 | ||
1575 | ---- | |
1576 | ((aa bb cc) dd () ee) "leclerc" | |
1577 | ---- | |
1578 | ||
1579 | Output: | |
1580 | ||
1581 | ---- | |
1582 | aa bb cc dd ee 6c 65 63 6c 65 72 63 ┆ •••••leclerc | |
1583 | ---- | |
1584 | ==== | |
1585 | ||
1586 | ==== | |
1587 | Input: | |
1588 | ||
1589 | ---- | |
261c5ecf PP |
1590 | !group |
1591 | (aa bb cc) * 3 dd ee | |
1592 | !end * 5 | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
1593 | ---- |
1594 | ||
1595 | Output: | |
1596 | ||
1597 | ---- | |
1598 | aa bb cc aa bb cc aa bb cc dd ee aa bb cc aa bb | |
1599 | cc aa bb cc dd ee aa bb cc aa bb cc aa bb cc dd | |
1600 | ee aa bb cc aa bb cc aa bb cc dd ee aa bb cc aa | |
1601 | bb cc aa bb cc dd ee | |
1602 | ---- | |
1603 | ==== | |
1604 | ||
1605 | ==== | |
1606 | Input: | |
1607 | ||
1608 | ---- | |
1609 | {be} | |
1610 | ( | |
1611 | <str_beg> u16le"sébastien diaz" <str_end> | |
1612 | {ICITTE - str_beg : 8} | |
1613 | {(end - str_beg) * 5 : 24} | |
1614 | ) * 3 | |
1615 | <end> | |
1616 | ---- | |
1617 | ||
1618 | Output: | |
1619 | ||
1620 | ---- | |
1621 | 73 00 e9 00 62 00 61 00 73 00 74 00 69 00 65 00 ┆ s•••b•a•s•t•i•e• | |
1622 | 6e 00 20 00 64 00 69 00 61 00 7a 00 1c 00 01 e0 ┆ n• •d•i•a•z••••• | |
1623 | 73 00 e9 00 62 00 61 00 73 00 74 00 69 00 65 00 ┆ s•••b•a•s•t•i•e• | |
1624 | 6e 00 20 00 64 00 69 00 61 00 7a 00 1c 00 01 40 ┆ n• •d•i•a•z••••@ | |
1625 | 73 00 e9 00 62 00 61 00 73 00 74 00 69 00 65 00 ┆ s•••b•a•s•t•i•e• | |
1626 | 6e 00 20 00 64 00 69 00 61 00 7a 00 1c 00 00 a0 ┆ n• •d•i•a•z••••• | |
1627 | ---- | |
1628 | ==== | |
1629 | ||
27d52a19 PP |
1630 | === Conditional block |
1631 | ||
12b5dbc0 PP |
1632 | A _conditional block_ represents either the bytes of zero or more items |
1633 | if some expression is true, or the bytes of zero or more other items if | |
1634 | it's false. | |
27d52a19 PP |
1635 | |
1636 | A conditional block is: | |
1637 | ||
261c5ecf | 1638 | . The `!if` opening. |
27d52a19 PP |
1639 | |
1640 | . One of: | |
1641 | ||
1642 | ** The ``pass:[{]`` prefix, a valid {py3} expression of which the | |
1643 | evaluation result type is `int` or `bool` (automatically converted to | |
1644 | `int`), and the ``pass:[}]`` suffix. | |
1645 | + | |
320644e2 PP |
1646 | For a conditional block at some source location{nbsp}__**L**__, this |
1647 | expression may contain: | |
27d52a19 PP |
1648 | + |
1649 | -- | |
1650 | * The name of any <<label,label>> defined before{nbsp}__**L**__ | |
1651 | which isn't within a nested group. | |
1652 | * The name of any <<variable-assignment,variable>> known | |
320644e2 | 1653 | at{nbsp}__**L**__. |
27d52a19 PP |
1654 | -- |
1655 | + | |
1656 | The value of the special name `ICITTE` (`int` type) in this expression | |
1657 | is the <<cur-offset,current offset>> (before handling the contained | |
1658 | items). | |
1659 | ||
1660 | ** A valid {py3} name. | |
1661 | + | |
1662 | For the name `__NAME__`, this is equivalent to the | |
1663 | `pass:[{]__NAME__pass:[}]` form above. | |
1664 | ||
12b5dbc0 PP |
1665 | . Zero or more items to be handled when the condition is true. |
1666 | ||
1667 | . **Optional**: | |
1668 | ||
1669 | .. The `!else` opening. | |
1670 | .. Zero or more items to be handled when the condition is false. | |
27d52a19 | 1671 | |
261c5ecf | 1672 | . The `!end` closing. |
27d52a19 PP |
1673 | |
1674 | ==== | |
1675 | Input: | |
1676 | ||
1677 | ---- | |
1678 | {at = 1} | |
1679 | {rep_count = 9} | |
1680 | ||
1681 | !repeat rep_count | |
1682 | "meow " | |
1683 | ||
1684 | !if {ICITTE > 25} | |
1685 | "mix" | |
12b5dbc0 PP |
1686 | !else |
1687 | "zoom" | |
27d52a19 PP |
1688 | !end |
1689 | ||
12b5dbc0 PP |
1690 | !if {at < rep_count} 20 !end |
1691 | ||
27d52a19 PP |
1692 | {at = at + 1} |
1693 | !end | |
1694 | ---- | |
1695 | ||
1696 | Output: | |
1697 | ||
1698 | ---- | |
12b5dbc0 PP |
1699 | 6d 65 6f 77 20 7a 6f 6f 6d 20 6d 65 6f 77 20 7a ┆ meow zoom meow z |
1700 | 6f 6f 6d 20 6d 65 6f 77 20 7a 6f 6f 6d 20 6d 65 ┆ oom meow zoom me | |
1701 | 6f 77 20 6d 69 78 20 6d 65 6f 77 20 6d 69 78 20 ┆ ow mix meow mix | |
1702 | 6d 65 6f 77 20 6d 69 78 20 6d 65 6f 77 20 6d 69 ┆ meow mix meow mi | |
27d52a19 | 1703 | 78 20 6d 65 6f 77 20 6d 69 78 20 6d 65 6f 77 20 ┆ x meow mix meow |
12b5dbc0 | 1704 | 6d 69 78 ┆ mix |
27d52a19 PP |
1705 | ---- |
1706 | ==== | |
1707 | ||
1708 | ==== | |
1709 | Input: | |
1710 | ||
1711 | ---- | |
1712 | <str_beg> | |
1713 | u16le"meow mix!" | |
1714 | <str_end> | |
1715 | ||
1716 | !if {str_end - str_beg > 10} | |
1717 | " BIG" | |
1718 | !end | |
1719 | ---- | |
1720 | ||
1721 | Output: | |
1722 | ||
1723 | ---- | |
1724 | 6d 00 65 00 6f 00 77 00 20 00 6d 00 69 00 78 00 ┆ m•e•o•w• •m•i•x• | |
1725 | 21 00 20 42 49 47 ┆ !• BIG | |
1726 | ---- | |
1727 | ==== | |
1728 | ||
e57a18e1 | 1729 | === Repetition block |
71aaa3f7 | 1730 | |
e57a18e1 PP |
1731 | A _repetition block_ represents the bytes of one or more items repeated |
1732 | a given number of times. | |
676f6189 | 1733 | |
e57a18e1 | 1734 | A repetition block is: |
71aaa3f7 | 1735 | |
261c5ecf | 1736 | . The `!repeat` or `!r` opening. |
71aaa3f7 | 1737 | |
2adf4336 PP |
1738 | . One of: |
1739 | ||
fc21bb27 PP |
1740 | ** A <<const-int,positive constant integer>> which is the number of |
1741 | times to repeat the previous item. | |
2adf4336 | 1742 | |
27d52a19 PP |
1743 | ** The ``pass:[{]`` prefix, a valid {py3} expression of which the |
1744 | evaluation result type is `int` or `bool` (automatically converted to | |
1745 | `int`), and the ``pass:[}]`` suffix. | |
05f81895 | 1746 | + |
320644e2 PP |
1747 | For a repetition block at some source location{nbsp}__**L**__, this |
1748 | expression may contain: | |
05f81895 PP |
1749 | + |
1750 | -- | |
27d52a19 PP |
1751 | * The name of any <<label,label>> defined before{nbsp}__**L**__ |
1752 | which isn't within a nested group. | |
05f81895 | 1753 | * The name of any <<variable-assignment,variable>> known |
320644e2 | 1754 | at{nbsp}__**L**__. |
05f81895 PP |
1755 | -- |
1756 | + | |
e57a18e1 PP |
1757 | The value of the special name `ICITTE` (`int` type) in this expression |
1758 | is the <<cur-offset,current offset>> (before handling the items to | |
1759 | repeat). | |
1760 | ||
1761 | ** A valid {py3} name. | |
1762 | + | |
1763 | For the name `__NAME__`, this is equivalent to the | |
1764 | `pass:[{]__NAME__pass:[}]` form above. | |
1765 | ||
1766 | . Zero or more items. | |
1767 | ||
261c5ecf | 1768 | . The `!end` closing. |
e57a18e1 PP |
1769 | |
1770 | You may also use a <<post-item-repetition,post-item repetition>> after | |
1771 | some items. The form ``!repeat{nbsp}__X__{nbsp}__ITEMS__{nbsp}!end`` | |
1772 | is equivalent to ``(__ITEMS__){nbsp}pass:[*]{nbsp}__X__``. | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
1773 | |
1774 | ==== | |
1775 | Input: | |
1776 | ||
1777 | ---- | |
fc21bb27 | 1778 | !repeat 0o400 |
e57a18e1 PP |
1779 | {end - ICITTE - 1 : 8} |
1780 | !end | |
1781 | ||
1782 | <end> | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
1783 | ---- |
1784 | ||
1785 | Output: | |
1786 | ||
1787 | ---- | |
1788 | ff fe fd fc fb fa f9 f8 f7 f6 f5 f4 f3 f2 f1 f0 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1789 | ef ee ed ec eb ea e9 e8 e7 e6 e5 e4 e3 e2 e1 e0 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1790 | df de dd dc db da d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1791 | cf ce cd cc cb ca c9 c8 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1792 | bf be bd bc bb ba b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1793 | af ae ad ac ab aa a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1794 | 9f 9e 9d 9c 9b 9a 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1795 | 8f 8e 8d 8c 8b 8a 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1796 | 7f 7e 7d 7c 7b 7a 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 ┆ •~}|{zyxwvutsrqp | |
1797 | 6f 6e 6d 6c 6b 6a 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 ┆ onmlkjihgfedcba` | |
1798 | 5f 5e 5d 5c 5b 5a 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 ┆ _^]\[ZYXWVUTSRQP | |
1799 | 4f 4e 4d 4c 4b 4a 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 ┆ ONMLKJIHGFEDCBA@ | |
1800 | 3f 3e 3d 3c 3b 3a 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 ┆ ?>=<;:9876543210 | |
1801 | 2f 2e 2d 2c 2b 2a 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 ┆ /.-,+*)('&%$#"! | |
1802 | 1f 1e 1d 1c 1b 1a 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1803 | 0f 0e 0d 0c 0b 0a 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1804 | ---- | |
1805 | ==== | |
1806 | ||
2adf4336 PP |
1807 | ==== |
1808 | Input: | |
1809 | ||
1810 | ---- | |
1811 | {times = 1} | |
e57a18e1 | 1812 | |
2adf4336 | 1813 | aa bb cc dd |
e57a18e1 PP |
1814 | |
1815 | !repeat 3 | |
2adf4336 | 1816 | <here> |
e57a18e1 PP |
1817 | |
1818 | !repeat {here + 1} | |
1819 | ee ff | |
1820 | !end | |
1821 | ||
1822 | 11 22 !repeat times 33 !end | |
1823 | ||
2adf4336 | 1824 | {times = times + 1} |
e57a18e1 PP |
1825 | !end |
1826 | ||
2adf4336 PP |
1827 | "coucou!" |
1828 | ---- | |
1829 | ||
1830 | Output: | |
1831 | ||
1832 | ---- | |
1833 | aa bb cc dd ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff 11 22 ┆ •••••••••••••••" | |
1834 | 33 ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ 3••••••••••••••• | |
1835 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1836 | ff ee ff ee ff 11 22 33 33 ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ ••••••"33••••••• | |
1837 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1838 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1839 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1840 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1841 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1842 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
1843 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff 11 22 33 ┆ ••••••••••••••"3 | |
1844 | 33 33 63 6f 75 63 6f 75 21 ┆ 33coucou! | |
1845 | ---- | |
1846 | ==== | |
1847 | ||
320644e2 PP |
1848 | === Macro definition block |
1849 | ||
1850 | A _macro definition block_ associates a name and parameter names to | |
1851 | a group of items. | |
1852 | ||
1853 | A macro definition block doesn't lead to generated bytes itself: a | |
1854 | <<macro-expansion,macro expansion>> does so. | |
1855 | ||
1856 | A macro definition may only exist at the root level, that is, not within | |
1857 | a <<group,group>>, a <<repetition-block,repetition block>>, a | |
1858 | <<conditional-block,conditional block>>, or another | |
1859 | <<macro-definition-block,macro definition block>>. | |
1860 | ||
1861 | All macro definitions must have unique names. | |
1862 | ||
1863 | A macro definition is: | |
1864 | ||
1865 | . The `!macro` or `!m` opening. | |
1866 | ||
1867 | . A valid {py3} name (the macro name). | |
1868 | ||
1869 | . The `(` parameter name list prefix. | |
1870 | ||
1871 | . A comma-separated list of zero or more unique parameter names, | |
1872 | each one being a valid {py3} name. | |
1873 | ||
1874 | . The `)` parameter name list suffix. | |
1875 | ||
1876 | . Zero or more items except, recursively, a macro definition block. | |
1877 | ||
1878 | . The `!end` closing. | |
1879 | ||
1880 | ==== | |
1881 | ---- | |
1882 | !macro bake() | |
1883 | {le} {ICITTE * 8 : 16} | |
1884 | u16le"predict explode" | |
1885 | !end | |
1886 | ---- | |
1887 | ==== | |
1888 | ||
1889 | ==== | |
1890 | ---- | |
1891 | !macro nail(rep, with_extra, val) | |
1892 | {iter = 1} | |
1893 | ||
1894 | !repeat rep | |
1895 | {val + iter : uleb128} | |
1896 | {0xdeadbeef : 32} | |
1897 | {iter = iter + 1} | |
1898 | !end | |
1899 | ||
1900 | !if with_extra | |
1901 | "meow mix\0" | |
1902 | !end | |
1903 | !end | |
1904 | ---- | |
1905 | ==== | |
1906 | ||
1907 | === Macro expansion | |
1908 | ||
1909 | A _macro expansion_ expands the items of a defined | |
1910 | <<macro-definition-block,macro>>. | |
1911 | ||
1912 | The macro to expand must be defined _before_ the expansion. | |
1913 | ||
1914 | The <<state,state>> before handling the first item of the chosen macro | |
1915 | is: | |
1916 | ||
1917 | <<cur-offset,Current offset>>:: | |
1918 | Unchanged. | |
1919 | ||
1920 | <<cur-bo,Current byte order>>:: | |
1921 | Unchanged. | |
1922 | ||
1923 | Variables:: | |
1924 | The only available variables initially are the macro parameters. | |
1925 | ||
1926 | Labels:: | |
1927 | None. | |
1928 | ||
1929 | The state after having handled the last item of the chosen macro is: | |
1930 | ||
1931 | Current offset:: | |
1932 | The one before handling the first item of the macro plus the size | |
1933 | of the generated data of the macro expansion. | |
1934 | + | |
1935 | IMPORTANT: This means <<current-offset-setting,current offset setting>> | |
1936 | items within the expanded macro don't impact the final current offset. | |
1937 | ||
1938 | Current byte order:: | |
1939 | The one before handling the first item of the macro. | |
1940 | ||
1941 | Variables:: | |
1942 | The ones before handling the first item of the macro. | |
1943 | ||
1944 | Labels:: | |
1945 | The ones before handling the first item of the macro. | |
1946 | ||
1947 | A macro expansion is: | |
1948 | ||
1949 | . The `m:` prefix. | |
1950 | ||
1951 | . A valid {py3} name (the name of the macro to expand). | |
1952 | ||
1953 | . The `(` parameter value list prefix. | |
1954 | ||
1955 | . A comma-separated list of zero or more unique parameter values. | |
1956 | + | |
1957 | The number of parameter values must match the number of parameter | |
1958 | names of the definition of the chosen macro. | |
1959 | + | |
1960 | A parameter value is one of: | |
1961 | + | |
1962 | -- | |
fc21bb27 | 1963 | * A <<const-int,constant integer>>, possibly negative. |
320644e2 | 1964 | |
dbd84e74 PP |
1965 | * A constant floating point number. |
1966 | ||
320644e2 PP |
1967 | * The ``pass:[{]`` prefix, a valid {py3} expression of which the |
1968 | evaluation result type is `int` or `bool` (automatically converted to | |
1969 | `int`), and the ``pass:[}]`` suffix. | |
1970 | + | |
1971 | For a macro expansion at some source location{nbsp}__**L**__, this | |
1972 | expression may contain: | |
1973 | ||
1974 | ** The name of any <<label,label>> defined before{nbsp}__**L**__ | |
1975 | which isn't within a nested group. | |
1976 | ** The name of any <<variable-assignment,variable>> known | |
1977 | at{nbsp}__**L**__. | |
1978 | ||
1979 | + | |
1980 | The value of the special name `ICITTE` (`int` type) in this expression | |
1981 | is the <<cur-offset,current offset>> (before handling the items of the | |
1982 | chosen macro). | |
1983 | ||
1984 | * A valid {py3} name. | |
1985 | + | |
1986 | For the name `__NAME__`, this is equivalent to the | |
1987 | `pass:[{]__NAME__pass:[}]` form above. | |
1988 | -- | |
1989 | ||
1990 | . The `)` parameter value list suffix. | |
1991 | ||
1992 | ==== | |
1993 | Input: | |
1994 | ||
1995 | ---- | |
1996 | !macro bake() | |
1997 | {le} {ICITTE * 8 : 16} | |
1998 | u16le"predict explode" | |
1999 | !end | |
2000 | ||
2001 | "hello [" m:bake() "] world" | |
2002 | ||
2003 | m:bake() * 5 | |
2004 | ---- | |
2005 | ||
2006 | Output: | |
2007 | ||
2008 | ---- | |
2009 | 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 5b 38 00 70 00 72 00 65 00 64 ┆ hello [8•p•r•e•d | |
2010 | 00 69 00 63 00 74 00 20 00 65 00 78 00 70 00 6c ┆ •i•c•t• •e•x•p•l | |
2011 | 00 6f 00 64 00 65 00 5d 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 70 01 ┆ •o•d•e•] worldp• | |
2012 | 70 00 72 00 65 00 64 00 69 00 63 00 74 00 20 00 ┆ p•r•e•d•i•c•t• • | |
2013 | 65 00 78 00 70 00 6c 00 6f 00 64 00 65 00 70 02 ┆ e•x•p•l•o•d•e•p• | |
2014 | 70 00 72 00 65 00 64 00 69 00 63 00 74 00 20 00 ┆ p•r•e•d•i•c•t• • | |
2015 | 65 00 78 00 70 00 6c 00 6f 00 64 00 65 00 70 03 ┆ e•x•p•l•o•d•e•p• | |
2016 | 70 00 72 00 65 00 64 00 69 00 63 00 74 00 20 00 ┆ p•r•e•d•i•c•t• • | |
2017 | 65 00 78 00 70 00 6c 00 6f 00 64 00 65 00 70 04 ┆ e•x•p•l•o•d•e•p• | |
2018 | 70 00 72 00 65 00 64 00 69 00 63 00 74 00 20 00 ┆ p•r•e•d•i•c•t• • | |
2019 | 65 00 78 00 70 00 6c 00 6f 00 64 00 65 00 70 05 ┆ e•x•p•l•o•d•e•p• | |
2020 | 70 00 72 00 65 00 64 00 69 00 63 00 74 00 20 00 ┆ p•r•e•d•i•c•t• • | |
2021 | 65 00 78 00 70 00 6c 00 6f 00 64 00 65 00 ┆ e•x•p•l•o•d•e• | |
2022 | ---- | |
2023 | ==== | |
2024 | ||
2025 | ==== | |
2026 | Input: | |
2027 | ||
2028 | ---- | |
2029 | !macro A(val, is_be) | |
2030 | {le} | |
2031 | ||
2032 | !if is_be | |
2033 | {be} | |
2034 | !end | |
2035 | ||
2036 | {val : 16} | |
2037 | !end | |
2038 | ||
2039 | !macro B(rep, is_be) | |
2040 | {iter = 1} | |
2041 | ||
2042 | !repeat rep | |
2043 | m:A({iter * 3}, is_be) | |
2044 | {iter = iter + 1} | |
2045 | !end | |
2046 | !end | |
2047 | ||
2048 | m:B(5, 1) | |
2049 | m:B(3, 0) | |
2050 | ---- | |
2051 | ||
2052 | Output: | |
2053 | ||
2054 | ---- | |
2055 | 00 03 00 06 00 09 00 0c 00 0f 03 00 06 00 09 00 | |
2056 | ---- | |
2057 | ==== | |
2058 | ||
dbd84e74 PP |
2059 | ==== |
2060 | Input: | |
2061 | ||
2062 | ---- | |
2063 | !macro flt32be(val) {be} {val : 32} !end | |
2064 | ||
2065 | "CHEETOS" | |
2066 | m:flt32be(-42.17) | |
2067 | m:flt32be(56.23e-4) | |
2068 | ---- | |
2069 | ||
2070 | Output: | |
2071 | ||
2072 | ---- | |
2073 | 43 48 45 45 54 4f 53 c2 28 ae 14 3b b8 41 25 ┆ CHEETOS•(••;•A% | |
2074 | ---- | |
2075 | ==== | |
2076 | ||
e57a18e1 PP |
2077 | === Post-item repetition |
2078 | ||
2079 | A _post-item repetition_ represents the bytes of an item repeated a | |
2080 | given number of times. | |
2081 | ||
2082 | A post-item repetition is: | |
2083 | ||
27d52a19 | 2084 | . One of those items: |
e57a18e1 | 2085 | |
27d52a19 PP |
2086 | ** A <<byte-constant,byte constant>>. |
2087 | ** A <<literal-string,literal string>>. | |
2088 | ** A <<fixed-length-number,fixed-length number>>. | |
2089 | ** An <<leb128-integer,LEB128 integer>>. | |
7a7b31e8 | 2090 | ** A <<string,string>>. |
320644e2 | 2091 | ** A <<macro-expansion,macro-expansion>>. |
27d52a19 | 2092 | ** A <<group,group>>. |
e57a18e1 PP |
2093 | |
2094 | . The ``pass:[*]`` character. | |
2095 | ||
2096 | . One of: | |
2097 | ||
2098 | ** A positive integer (hexadecimal starting with `0x` or `0X` accepted) | |
2099 | which is the number of times to repeat the previous item. | |
2100 | ||
27d52a19 PP |
2101 | ** The ``pass:[{]`` prefix, a valid {py3} expression of which the |
2102 | evaluation result type is `int` or `bool` (automatically converted to | |
2103 | `int`), and the ``pass:[}]`` suffix. | |
e57a18e1 | 2104 | + |
320644e2 PP |
2105 | For a post-item repetition at some source location{nbsp}__**L**__, this |
2106 | expression may contain: | |
e57a18e1 PP |
2107 | + |
2108 | -- | |
27d52a19 PP |
2109 | * The name of any <<label,label>> defined before{nbsp}__**L**__ |
2110 | which isn't within a nested group and | |
2111 | which isn't part of the repeated item. | |
e57a18e1 PP |
2112 | * The name of any <<variable-assignment,variable>> known |
2113 | at{nbsp}__**L**__, which isn't part of its repeated item, and which | |
320644e2 | 2114 | doesn't. |
e57a18e1 PP |
2115 | -- |
2116 | + | |
2117 | The value of the special name `ICITTE` (`int` type) in this expression | |
2118 | is the <<cur-offset,current offset>> (before handling the items to | |
2119 | repeat). | |
2120 | ||
2121 | ** A valid {py3} name. | |
2122 | + | |
2123 | For the name `__NAME__`, this is equivalent to the | |
2124 | `pass:[{]__NAME__pass:[}]` form above. | |
2125 | ||
2126 | You may also use a <<repetition-block,repetition block>>. The form | |
2127 | ``__ITEM__{nbsp}pass:[*]{nbsp}__X__`` is equivalent to | |
2128 | ``!repeat{nbsp}__X__{nbsp}__ITEM__{nbsp}!end``. | |
2129 | ||
2130 | ==== | |
2131 | Input: | |
2132 | ||
2133 | ---- | |
2134 | {end - ICITTE - 1 : 8} * 0x100 <end> | |
2135 | ---- | |
2136 | ||
2137 | Output: | |
2138 | ||
2139 | ---- | |
2140 | ff fe fd fc fb fa f9 f8 f7 f6 f5 f4 f3 f2 f1 f0 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2141 | ef ee ed ec eb ea e9 e8 e7 e6 e5 e4 e3 e2 e1 e0 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2142 | df de dd dc db da d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2143 | cf ce cd cc cb ca c9 c8 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2144 | bf be bd bc bb ba b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2145 | af ae ad ac ab aa a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2146 | 9f 9e 9d 9c 9b 9a 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2147 | 8f 8e 8d 8c 8b 8a 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2148 | 7f 7e 7d 7c 7b 7a 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 ┆ •~}|{zyxwvutsrqp | |
2149 | 6f 6e 6d 6c 6b 6a 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 ┆ onmlkjihgfedcba` | |
2150 | 5f 5e 5d 5c 5b 5a 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 ┆ _^]\[ZYXWVUTSRQP | |
2151 | 4f 4e 4d 4c 4b 4a 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 ┆ ONMLKJIHGFEDCBA@ | |
2152 | 3f 3e 3d 3c 3b 3a 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 ┆ ?>=<;:9876543210 | |
2153 | 2f 2e 2d 2c 2b 2a 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 ┆ /.-,+*)('&%$#"! | |
2154 | 1f 1e 1d 1c 1b 1a 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2155 | 0f 0e 0d 0c 0b 0a 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2156 | ---- | |
2157 | ==== | |
2158 | ||
2159 | ==== | |
2160 | Input: | |
2161 | ||
2162 | ---- | |
2163 | {times = 1} | |
2164 | aa bb cc dd | |
2165 | ( | |
2166 | <here> | |
2167 | (ee ff) * {here + 1} | |
2168 | 11 22 33 * {times} | |
2169 | {times = times + 1} | |
2170 | ) * 3 | |
2171 | "coucou!" | |
2172 | ---- | |
2173 | ||
2174 | Output: | |
2175 | ||
2176 | ---- | |
2177 | aa bb cc dd ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff 11 22 ┆ •••••••••••••••" | |
2178 | 33 ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ 3••••••••••••••• | |
2179 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2180 | ff ee ff ee ff 11 22 33 33 ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ ••••••"33••••••• | |
2181 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2182 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2183 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2184 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2185 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2186 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ •••••••••••••••• | |
2187 | ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff 11 22 33 ┆ ••••••••••••••"3 | |
2188 | 33 33 63 6f 75 63 6f 75 21 ┆ 33coucou! | |
2189 | ---- | |
2190 | ==== | |
2191 | ||
71aaa3f7 PP |
2192 | == Command-line tool |
2193 | ||
2194 | If you <<install-normand,installed>> the `normand` package, then you | |
2195 | can use the `normand` command-line tool: | |
2196 | ||
2197 | ---- | |
2198 | $ normand <<< '"ma gang de malades"' | hexdump -C | |
2199 | ---- | |
2200 | ||
2201 | ---- | |
2202 | 00000000 6d 61 20 67 61 6e 67 20 64 65 20 6d 61 6c 61 64 |ma gang de malad| | |
2203 | 00000010 65 73 |es| | |
2204 | ---- | |
2205 | ||
2206 | If you copy the `normand.py` module to your own project, then you can | |
2207 | run the module itself: | |
2208 | ||
2209 | ---- | |
2210 | $ python3 -m normand <<< '"ma gang de malades"' | hexdump -C | |
2211 | ---- | |
2212 | ||
2213 | ---- | |
2214 | 00000000 6d 61 20 67 61 6e 67 20 64 65 20 6d 61 6c 61 64 |ma gang de malad| | |
2215 | 00000010 65 73 |es| | |
2216 | ---- | |
2217 | ||
2218 | Without a path argument, the `normand` tool reads from the standard | |
2219 | input. | |
2220 | ||
2221 | The `normand` tool prints the generated binary data to the standard | |
2222 | output. | |
2223 | ||
2224 | Various options control the initial <<state,state>> of the processor: | |
2225 | use the `--help` option to learn more. | |
2226 | ||
2227 | == {py3} API | |
2228 | ||
e57a18e1 | 2229 | The whole `normand` package/module public API is: |
71aaa3f7 PP |
2230 | |
2231 | [source,python] | |
2232 | ---- | |
e57a18e1 | 2233 | # Byte order. |
71aaa3f7 PP |
2234 | class ByteOrder(enum.Enum): |
2235 | # Big endian. | |
2236 | BE = ... | |
2237 | ||
2238 | # Little endian. | |
2239 | LE = ... | |
2240 | ||
2241 | ||
e57a18e1 PP |
2242 | # Text location. |
2243 | class TextLocation: | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
2244 | # Line number. |
2245 | @property | |
2246 | def line_no(self) -> int: | |
2247 | ... | |
2248 | ||
2249 | # Column number. | |
2250 | @property | |
2251 | def col_no(self) -> int: | |
2252 | ... | |
2253 | ||
2254 | ||
f5dcb24c PP |
2255 | # Parsing error message. |
2256 | class ParseErrorMessage: | |
2257 | # Message text. | |
2258 | @property | |
2259 | def text(self): | |
2260 | ... | |
2261 | ||
2262 | # Source text location. | |
2263 | @property | |
2264 | def text_location(self): | |
2265 | ... | |
2266 | ||
2267 | ||
e57a18e1 | 2268 | # Parsing error. |
71aaa3f7 | 2269 | class ParseError(RuntimeError): |
f5dcb24c PP |
2270 | # Parsing error messages. |
2271 | # | |
2272 | # The first message is the most _specific_ one. | |
71aaa3f7 | 2273 | @property |
f5dcb24c | 2274 | def messages(self): |
71aaa3f7 PP |
2275 | ... |
2276 | ||
2277 | ||
e57a18e1 PP |
2278 | # Variables dictionary type (for type hints). |
2279 | VariablesT = typing.Dict[str, typing.Union[int, float]] | |
2280 | ||
2281 | ||
2282 | # Labels dictionary type (for type hints). | |
2283 | LabelsT = typing.Dict[str, int] | |
1b8aa84a PP |
2284 | |
2285 | ||
e57a18e1 | 2286 | # Parsing result. |
71aaa3f7 PP |
2287 | class ParseResult: |
2288 | # Generated data. | |
2289 | @property | |
2290 | def data(self) -> bytearray: | |
2291 | ... | |
2292 | ||
2293 | # Updated variable values. | |
2294 | @property | |
1b8aa84a | 2295 | def variables(self) -> SymbolsT: |
71aaa3f7 PP |
2296 | ... |
2297 | ||
2298 | # Updated main group label values. | |
2299 | @property | |
1b8aa84a | 2300 | def labels(self) -> SymbolsT: |
71aaa3f7 PP |
2301 | ... |
2302 | ||
2303 | # Final offset. | |
2304 | @property | |
2305 | def offset(self) -> int: | |
2306 | ... | |
2307 | ||
2308 | # Final byte order. | |
2309 | @property | |
1b8aa84a | 2310 | def byte_order(self) -> typing.Optional[ByteOrder]: |
71aaa3f7 PP |
2311 | ... |
2312 | ||
1b8aa84a | 2313 | |
e57a18e1 PP |
2314 | # Parses the `normand` input using the initial state defined by |
2315 | # `init_variables`, `init_labels`, `init_offset`, and `init_byte_order`, | |
2316 | # and returns the corresponding parsing result. | |
71aaa3f7 | 2317 | def parse(normand: str, |
1b8aa84a PP |
2318 | init_variables: typing.Optional[SymbolsT] = None, |
2319 | init_labels: typing.Optional[SymbolsT] = None, | |
71aaa3f7 PP |
2320 | init_offset: int = 0, |
2321 | init_byte_order: typing.Optional[ByteOrder] = None) -> ParseResult: | |
2322 | ... | |
2323 | ---- | |
2324 | ||
2325 | The `normand` parameter is the actual <<learn-normand,Normand input>> | |
2326 | while the other parameters control the initial <<state,state>>. | |
2327 | ||
2328 | The `parse()` function raises a `ParseError` instance should it fail to | |
2329 | parse the `normand` string for any reason. | |
bf8f3b38 PP |
2330 | |
2331 | == Development | |
2332 | ||
2333 | Normand is a https://python-poetry.org/[Poetry] project. | |
2334 | ||
2335 | To develop it, install it through Poetry and enter the virtual | |
2336 | environment: | |
2337 | ||
2338 | ---- | |
2339 | $ poetry install | |
2340 | $ poetry shell | |
2341 | $ normand <<< '"lol" * 10 0a' | |
2342 | ---- | |
2343 | ||
2344 | `normand.py` is processed by: | |
2345 | ||
2346 | * https://microsoft.github.io/pyright/[Pyright] | |
2347 | * https://github.com/psf/black[Black] | |
2348 | * https://pycqa.github.io/isort/[isort] | |
2349 | ||
2350 | === Testing | |
2351 | ||
2352 | Use https://docs.pytest.org/[pytest] to test Normand once the package is | |
2353 | part of your virtual environment, for example: | |
2354 | ||
2355 | ---- | |
2356 | $ poetry install | |
2357 | $ poetry run pip3 install pytest | |
2358 | $ poetry run pytest | |
2359 | ---- | |
2360 | ||
2361 | The `pytest` project is currently not a development dependency in | |
2362 | `pyproject.toml` due to backward compatibiliy issues with | |
2363 | Python{nbsp}3.4. | |
2364 | ||
2365 | In the `tests` directory, each `*.nt` file is a test. The file name | |
2366 | prefix indicates what it's meant to test: | |
2367 | ||
2368 | `pass-`:: | |
2369 | Everything above the `---` line is the valid Normand input | |
2370 | to test. | |
2371 | + | |
2372 | Everything below the `---` line is the expected data | |
2373 | (whitespace-separated hexadecimal bytes). | |
2374 | ||
2375 | `fail-`:: | |
2376 | Everything above the `---` line is the invalid Normand input | |
2377 | to test. | |
2378 | + | |
2379 | Everything below the `---` line is the expected error message having | |
2380 | this form: | |
2381 | + | |
2382 | ---- | |
2383 | LINE:COL - MESSAGE | |
2384 | ---- | |
2385 | ||
2386 | === Contributing | |
2387 | ||
2388 | Normand uses https://review.lttng.org/admin/repos/normand,general[Gerrit] | |
2389 | for code review. | |
2390 | ||
2391 | To report a bug, https://github.com/efficios/normand/issues/new[create a | |
2392 | GitHub issue]. |