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1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1991, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 1998 Free Software Foundation |
2 | .\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution | |
3 | .TH objcopy 1 "October 1994" "cygnus support" "GNU Development Tools" | |
4 | .de BP | |
5 | .sp | |
6 | .ti \-.2i | |
7 | \(** | |
8 | .. | |
9 | ||
10 | .SH NAME | |
11 | objcopy \- copy and translate object files | |
12 | ||
13 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
14 | .hy 0 | |
15 | .na | |
16 | .TP | |
17 | .B objcopy | |
18 | .RB "[\|" \-F\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" | |
19 | .RB "[\|" \-I\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" | |
20 | .RB "[\|" \-O\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]" | |
21 | .RB "[\|" \-R\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-remove\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]" | |
22 | .RB "[\|" \-S\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-all\fR "\|]" | |
23 | .RB "[\|" \-g\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR "\|]" | |
24 | .RB "[\|" \-\-strip\-unneeded\fR "\|]" | |
25 | .RB "[\|" \-K\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" | |
26 | .RB "[\|" \-N\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" | |
27 | .RB "[\|" \-L\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" | |
28 | .RB "[\|" \-W\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]" | |
29 | .RB "[\|" \-x\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-all\fR "\|]" | |
30 | .RB "[\|" \-X\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR "\|]" | |
31 | .RB "[\|" \-b\ \fIbyte\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte\fR "\|]" | |
32 | .RB "[\|" \-i\ \fIinterleave\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave\fR "\|]" | |
33 | .RB "[\|" \-p\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR "\|]" | |
34 | .RB "[\|" \-\-debugging "\|]" | |
35 | .RB "[\|" \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval\fR "\|]" | |
36 | .RB "[\|" \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress\fR "\|]" | |
37 | .RB "[\|" \-\-set\-start=\fIval\fR "\|]" | |
38 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR "\|]" | |
39 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR "\|]" | |
40 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-address=\fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" | |
41 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-lma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" | |
42 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-vma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]" | |
43 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]" | |
44 | .RB "[\|" \-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]" | |
45 | .RB "[\|" \-\-set\-section\-flags=\fIsection=flags\fR "\|]" | |
46 | .RB "[\|" \-\-add\-section=\fIsectionname=filename\fR "\|]" | |
47 | .RB "[\|" \-\-change\-leading\-char\fR "\|]" | |
48 | .RB "[\|" \-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR "\|]" | |
49 | .RB "[\|" \-\-weaken\fR "\|]" | |
50 | .RB "[\|" \-v\ |\ \-\-verbose\fR "\|]" | |
51 | .RB "[\|" \-V\ |\ \-\-version\fR "\|]" | |
52 | .RB "[\|" \-\-help\fR "\|]" | |
53 | .B infile | |
54 | .RB "[\|" outfile\fR "\|]" | |
55 | .SH DESCRIPTION | |
56 | The GNU | |
57 | .B objcopy | |
58 | utility copies the contents of an object file to another. | |
59 | .B objcopy | |
60 | uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the object files. It can | |
61 | write the destination object file in a format different from that of | |
62 | the source object file. The exact behavior of | |
63 | .B objcopy | |
64 | is controlled by command-line options. | |
65 | .PP | |
66 | .B objcopy | |
67 | creates temporary files to do its translations and deletes them | |
68 | afterward. | |
69 | .B objcopy | |
70 | uses BFD to do all its translation work; it knows about all the | |
71 | formats BFD knows about, and thus is able to recognize most formats | |
72 | without being told explicitly. | |
73 | .PP | |
74 | .B objcopy | |
75 | can be used to generate S-records by using an output target of | |
76 | .B srec | |
77 | (e.g., use | |
78 | .B -O srec). | |
79 | .PP | |
80 | .B objcopy | |
81 | can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an output target of | |
82 | .B binary | |
83 | (e.g., use | |
84 | .B -O binary). | |
85 | When | |
86 | .B objcopy | |
87 | generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce a memory dump | |
88 | of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and relocation | |
89 | information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at the | |
90 | virtual address of the lowest section copied into the output file. | |
91 | .PP | |
92 | When generating an S-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to | |
93 | use | |
94 | .B -S | |
95 | to remove sections containing debugging information. In some cases | |
96 | .B -R | |
97 | will be useful to remove sections which contain information which is | |
98 | not needed by the binary file. | |
99 | .PP | |
100 | .I infile | |
101 | and | |
102 | .I outfile | |
103 | are the source and output files respectively. If you do not specify | |
104 | .IR outfile , | |
105 | .B objcopy | |
106 | creates a temporary file and destructively renames the result with the | |
107 | name of the input file. | |
108 | ||
109 | .SH OPTIONS | |
110 | .TP | |
111 | .B \-I \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname | |
112 | Consider the source file's object format to be | |
113 | .IR bfdname , | |
114 | rather than attempting to deduce it. | |
115 | .TP | |
116 | .B \-O \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname | |
117 | Write the output file using the object format | |
118 | .IR bfdname . | |
119 | .TP | |
120 | .B \-F \fIbfdname\fR, \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname | |
121 | Use | |
122 | .I bfdname | |
123 | as the object format for both the input and the output file; i.e. | |
124 | simply transfer data from source to destination with no translation. | |
125 | .TP | |
126 | .B \-R \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-remove-section=\fIsectionname | |
127 | Remove the named section from the file. This option may be given more | |
128 | than once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the | |
129 | output file unusable. | |
130 | .TP | |
131 | .B \-S\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-all | |
132 | Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file. | |
133 | .TP | |
134 | .B \-g\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-debug | |
135 | Do not copy debugging symbols from the source file. | |
136 | .TP | |
137 | .B \-\-strip\-unneeded | |
138 | Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing. | |
139 | .TP | |
140 | .B \-K \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname | |
141 | Copy only symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option | |
142 | may be given more than once. | |
143 | .TP | |
144 | .B \-N \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname | |
145 | Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option | |
146 | may be given more than once. | |
147 | .TP | |
148 | .B \-L \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname | |
149 | Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP local to the file, so that it is not | |
150 | visible externally. This option may be given more than once. | |
151 | .TP | |
152 | .B \-W \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname | |
153 | Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP weak. This option may be given more than once. | |
154 | .TP | |
155 | .B \-x\fR, \fB \-\-discard\-all | |
156 | Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file. | |
157 | .TP | |
158 | .B \-X\fR, \fB\-\-discard\-locals | |
159 | Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols. (These usually start | |
160 | with "L" or "."). | |
161 | .TP | |
162 | .B \-b \fIbyte\fR, \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte | |
163 | Keep only every \fIbyte\fPth byte of the input file (header data is | |
164 | not affected). \fIbyte\fP can be in the range from 0 to the | |
165 | interleave-1. This option is useful for creating files to program | |
166 | ROMs. It is typically used with an srec output target. | |
167 | .TP | |
168 | .B \-i \fIinterleave\fR, \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave | |
169 | Only copy one out of every \fIinterleave\fP bytes. Which one to copy is | |
170 | selected by the \fB\-b\fP or \fB\-\-byte\fP option. The default is 4. | |
171 | The interleave is ignored if neither \fB\-b\fP nor \fB\-\-byte\fP is given. | |
172 | .TP | |
173 | .B \-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-dates | |
174 | Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same | |
175 | as those of the input file. | |
176 | .TP | |
177 | .B \-\-debugging | |
178 | Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default | |
179 | because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the | |
180 | conversion process can be time consuming. | |
181 | .TP | |
182 | .B \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval | |
183 | Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fP. This operation applies to | |
184 | the \fIload address\fP (LMA) of the sections. It is done by increasing | |
185 | the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra | |
186 | space created with \fIval\fP. | |
187 | .TP | |
188 | .B \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress | |
189 | Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fP. This is | |
190 | done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is | |
191 | filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fP (default | |
192 | zero). | |
193 | .TP | |
194 | .B \fB\-\-set\-start=\fIval | |
195 | Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fP. Not all object | |
196 | file formats support setting the start address. | |
197 | .TP | |
198 | .B \fB\-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fIincr | |
199 | Changes the start address by adding \fIincr\fP. Not all object file | |
200 | formats support setting the start address. | |
201 | .TP | |
202 | .B \fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fIincr | |
203 | Changes the address of all sections, as well as the start address, by | |
204 | adding \fIincr\fP. Some object file formats do not permit section | |
205 | addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not relocate | |
206 | the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a | |
207 | certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such | |
208 | that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail. | |
209 | .TP | |
210 | .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-address=\fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val | |
211 | Set or changes the VMA and LMA addresses of the named \fIsection\fP. | |
212 | If \fI=\fP is used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. | |
213 | Otherwise, \fIval\fP is added to or subtracted from the section | |
214 | address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If | |
215 | \fIsection\fP does not exist in the input file, a warning will be | |
216 | issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. | |
217 | .TP | |
218 | .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val | |
219 | Set or change the LMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is | |
220 | used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP | |
221 | is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments | |
222 | under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist | |
223 | in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless | |
224 | \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. | |
225 | .TP | |
226 | .B \fB\-\-change\-section\-vma=\fIsection{=,+,-}val | |
227 | Set or change the VMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is | |
228 | used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP | |
229 | is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments | |
230 | under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist | |
231 | in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless | |
232 | \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used. | |
233 | .TP | |
234 | .B \fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-warnings | |
235 | If \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, and the named section does | |
236 | not exist, issue a warning. This is the default. | |
237 | .TP | |
238 | .B \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings | |
239 | Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, even | |
240 | if the named section does not exist. | |
241 | .TP | |
242 | .B \fB\-\-set\-section\-flags=\fIsection=flags | |
243 | Set the flags for the named section. The \fIflags\fP argument is a | |
244 | comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are | |
245 | \fIalloc\fP, \fIload\fP, \fIreadonly\fP, \fIcode\fP, \fIdata\fP, and | |
246 | \fIrom\fP. Not all flags are meaningful for all object file | |
247 | formats. | |
248 | .TP | |
249 | .B \fB\-\-add\-section=\fIsectionname=filename | |
250 | Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The | |
251 | contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR. | |
252 | The size of the section will be the size of the file. This option | |
253 | only works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary | |
254 | names. | |
255 | .TP | |
256 | .B \-\-change\-leading\-char | |
257 | Some object file formats use special characters at the start of | |
258 | symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers | |
259 | often add before every symbol. This option tells | |
260 | .B objcopy | |
261 | to change the leading character of every symbol when it converts | |
262 | between object file formats. If the object file formats use the same | |
263 | leading character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add | |
264 | a character, or remove a character, or change a character, as | |
265 | appropriate. | |
266 | .TP | |
267 | .B \-\-remove\-leading\-char | |
268 | If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading | |
269 | character used by the object file format, remove the character. The | |
270 | most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will | |
271 | remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be | |
272 | useful if you want to link together objects of different file formats | |
273 | with different conventions for symbol names. This is different from | |
274 | \fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fP because it always changes the symbol name | |
275 | when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output | |
276 | .TP | |
277 | .B \-\-weaken | |
278 | Change all global symbols in the file to be weak. | |
279 | .TP | |
280 | .B \-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose | |
281 | Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of | |
282 | archives, "\fBobjcopy \-V\fR" lists all members of the archive. | |
283 | .TP | |
284 | .B \-V\fR, \fB\-\-version | |
285 | Show the version number of | |
286 | .B objcopy | |
287 | and exit. | |
288 | .TP | |
289 | .B \-\-help | |
290 | Show a summary of the options to | |
291 | .B objcopy | |
292 | and exit. | |
293 | .SH "SEE ALSO" | |
294 | .RB "`\|" binutils "\|'" | |
295 | entry in | |
296 | .B | |
297 | info\c | |
298 | \&; | |
299 | .I | |
300 | The GNU Binary Utilities\c | |
301 | \&, Roland H. Pesch (June 1993). | |
302 | ||
303 | .SH COPYING | |
304 | Copyright (c) 1993, 94, 95, 96, 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
305 | .PP | |
306 | Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of | |
307 | this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice | |
308 | are preserved on all copies. | |
309 | .PP | |
310 | Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this | |
311 | manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the | |
312 | entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a | |
313 | permission notice identical to this one. | |
314 | .PP | |
315 | Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this | |
316 | manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified | |
317 | versions, except that this permission notice may be included in | |
318 | translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in | |
319 | the original English. |