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37cc8ec1 1.\" Copyright (c) 1993, 94, 95, 2000 Free Software Foundation
252b5132 2.\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
cf055d54 3.TH strings 1 "09 March 2000" "Free Software Foundation" "GNU Development Tools"
252b5132
RH
4.de BP
5.sp
6.ti \-.2i
7\(**
8..
9
10.SH NAME
11strings \- print the strings of printable characters in files
12
13.SH SYNOPSIS
14.hy 0
15.na
16.TP
17.B strings
18.RB "[\|" \-a | \-\c
19.RB | \-\-all "\|]"
20.RB "[\|" \-f | \-\-print\-file\-name "\|]"
21.RB "[\|" \-o "\|]"
22.RB "[\|" \-\-help "\|]"
23.RB "[\|" \-v | \-\-version "\|]"
24.RB "[\|" \-n
25.I min\-len\c
26.RI | \-min\-len\c
27.RB | "\-\-bytes="\c
28.I min\-len\c
29\&\|]
30.RB "[\|" \-t
31.I {o,x,d}\c
32.RB "[\|" "\-\-target=\fIbfdname" "\|]"
33.RB | "\-\-radix="\c
34.I {o,x,d}\c
35\&\|]
36.I file\c
37.ad b
38.hy 1
39.SH DESCRIPTION
40For each
41.I file
42given, GNU \c
43.B strings
44prints the printable character sequences that are at least 4
45characters long (or the number given with the options below) and are
46followed by an unprintable character. By default, it only prints the
47strings from the initialized and loaded sections of object files; for
48other types of files, it prints the strings from the whole file.
49
50.PP
51.B strings
52is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text files.
53
54.SH OPTIONS
55The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
56equivalent.
57
58.TP
59.B \-a
60.TP
61.B \-\-all
62.TP
63.B \-
64Do not scan only the initialized and loaded sections of object files;
65scan the whole files.
66
67.TP
68.B \-f
69.TP
70.B \-\-print\-file\-name
71Print the name of the file before each string.
72
73.TP
74.B \-\-help
75Print a summary of the options to
76.B strings
77on the standard output and exit.
78
79.TP
80.B \-v
81.TP
82.B \-\-version
83Print the version number
84of
85.B strings
86on the standard output and exit.
87
88.TP
89.B "\-n \fImin\-len\fP"
90.TP
91.B "\-\fImin\-len\fP"
92.TP
fd5ccd47 93.B "\-\-bytes=\fImin\-len\fP"
252b5132
RH
94Print sequences of characters that are at least
95.I min\-len
96characters long, instead of the default 4.
97
98.TP
99.BR "\-t " {o,x,d}
100.TP
101.BR "\-\-radix=" {o,x,d}
102Print the offset within the file before each string. The single
103character argument specifies the radix of the offset\(emoctal,
104hexadecimal, or decimal.
105
106.TP
107.BI "\-\-target=" "bfdname"
108Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
109See
110.BR objdump ( 1 ),
111for information on listing available formats.
112
113.TP
114.B \-o
115Like
116.BR "\-t o" .
117
118.PP
119
120.SH "SEE ALSO"
121.RB "`\|" binutils "\|'"
122entry in
123.B
124info\c
125\&;
126.I
127The GNU Binary Utilities\c
128\&, Roland H. Pesch (October 1991);
129.BR ar ( 1 ),
130.BR nm ( 1 ),
131.BR objdump ( 1 ),
132.BR ranlib ( 1 ).
133
134
135.SH COPYING
cf055d54
NC
136Copyright (c) 1993, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
137.PP
138This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free
139Documenation License. That license is described in the GNU Free
140Documentation License section.
141
142.SH GNU Free Documentation License
143 Version 1.1, March 2000
144
145 Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
146 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
147
148 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
149 copies of this license document, but changing it is
150 not allowed.
151.PP
1520. PREAMBLE
153.PP
154The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
155written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
156the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
157modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
158this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
159credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
160modifications made by others.
161.PP
162This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
163works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
164complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
165license designed for free software.
166.PP
167We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
168software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
169program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
170software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
171it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
172whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
173principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
174.PP
1751. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
176.PP
177This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
178notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
179under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
180such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
181addressed as "you".
182.PP
183A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
184Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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186.PP
187A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
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197.PP
198The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
199are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
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201.PP
202The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
203as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
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205.PP
206A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
207represented in a format whose specification is available to the
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217.PP
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227.PP
228The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
229plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
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232the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
233preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
234.PP
2352. VERBATIM COPYING
236.PP
237You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
238commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
239copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
240to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
241conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
242technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
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246.PP
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249.PP
2503. COPYING IN QUANTITY
251.PP
252If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
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286.PP
2874. MODIFICATIONS
288.PP
289You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
290the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
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301.PP
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314.PP
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321H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
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380.PP
381
3825. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
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400In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
401in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
402"History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
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404entitled "Endorsements."
405.PP
406
4076. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
408.PP
409You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
410released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
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419.PP
420
4217. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
422.PP
423A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
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436Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
437.PP
438
4398. TRANSLATION
440.PP
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443Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
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450License, the original English version will prevail.
451.PP
452
4539. TERMINATION
454.PP
455You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
456as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
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458automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
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460License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
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462.PP
463
46410. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
465.PP
466The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
467of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
468versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
469differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
470http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
471.PP
472Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
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475following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
476of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
477Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
478number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
479as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
480.PP
481
482ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
483.PP
484To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
485the License in the document and put the following copyright and
486license notices just after the title page:
487.PP
488 Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
489 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
490 modify this document under the terms of the GNU
491 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later
492 version published by the Free Software Foundation;
493 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES,
494 with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the
495 Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license
496 is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
497 Documentation License".
498.PP
499If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
500instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
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503.PP
504If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
505recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
506free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
507to permit their use in free software.
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