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1 | @c Copyright 2006 |
2 | @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
3 | @c This is part of the GAS manual. | |
4 | @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. | |
5 | ||
6 | @ifset GENERIC | |
7 | @page | |
8 | @node AVR-Dependent | |
9 | @chapter AVR Dependent Features | |
10 | @end ifset | |
11 | ||
12 | @ifclear GENERIC | |
13 | @node Machine Dependencies | |
14 | @chapter AVR Dependent Features | |
15 | @end ifclear | |
16 | ||
17 | @cindex AVR support | |
18 | @menu | |
19 | * AVR Options:: Options | |
20 | * AVR Syntax:: Syntax | |
21 | * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes | |
22 | @end menu | |
23 | ||
24 | @node AVR Options | |
25 | @section Options | |
26 | @cindex AVR options (none) | |
27 | @cindex options for AVR (none) | |
28 | ||
29 | @table @code | |
30 | ||
31 | @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR | |
32 | @item -mmcu=@var{mcu} | |
33 | Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type. | |
34 | ||
35 | Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C | |
36 | compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200, attiny10, | |
37 | attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28). | |
38 | ||
39 | Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to | |
40 | 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, attiny22, | |
41 | attiny26, at90s2333, at90s2343, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, | |
42 | at90s8515, at90c8534, at90s8535, at86rf401, attiny13, attiny2313, | |
43 | attiny261, attiny461, attiny861, attiny24, attiny44, attiny84, attiny25, | |
44 | attiny45, attiny85). | |
45 | ||
46 | Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program | |
47 | memory space (MCU types: atmega103, atmega603, at43usb320, at43usb355, | |
48 | at76c711). | |
49 | ||
50 | Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program | |
51 | memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega8, atmega83, atmega85, atmega88, | |
52 | atmega8515, atmega8535, at90pwm2, at90pwm3). | |
53 | ||
54 | Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program | |
55 | memory space (MCU types: atmega16, atmega161, atmega162, atmega163, | |
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56 | atmega164p, atmega165, atmega165p, atmega168, atmega169, atmega169p, |
57 | atmega32, atmega323, atmega324p, atmega325, atmega329, atmega3250, | |
58 | atmega3290, atmega406, atmega64, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644p, | |
59 | atmega128, atmega1280, atmega1281, atmega645, atmega649, atmega6450, | |
60 | atmega6490, at90can32, at90can64, at90can128, at90usb646, at90usb647, | |
61 | at90usb1286, at90usb1287, at94k). | |
62 | ||
63 | Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with 256K program | |
64 | memory space (MCU types: atmega2560, atmega2561). | |
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65 | |
66 | @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR | |
67 | @item -mall-opcodes | |
68 | Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}. | |
69 | ||
70 | @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR | |
71 | @item -mno-skip-bug | |
72 | This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions. | |
73 | ||
74 | @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR | |
75 | @item -mno-wrap | |
76 | This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around. | |
77 | ||
78 | @end table | |
79 | ||
80 | ||
81 | @node AVR Syntax | |
82 | @section Syntax | |
83 | @menu | |
84 | * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters | |
85 | * AVR-Regs:: Register Names | |
86 | * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers | |
87 | @end menu | |
88 | ||
89 | @node AVR-Chars | |
90 | @subsection Special Characters | |
91 | ||
92 | @cindex line comment character, AVR | |
93 | @cindex AVR line comment character | |
94 | ||
95 | The presence of a @samp{;} on a line indicates the start of a comment | |
96 | that extends to the end of the current line. If a @samp{#} appears as | |
97 | the first character of a line, the whole line is treated as a comment. | |
98 | ||
99 | @cindex line separator, AVR | |
100 | @cindex statement separator, AVR | |
101 | @cindex AVR line separator | |
102 | ||
103 | The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate | |
104 | statements. | |
105 | ||
106 | @node AVR-Regs | |
107 | @subsection Register Names | |
108 | ||
109 | @cindex AVR register names | |
110 | @cindex register names, AVR | |
111 | ||
b45619c0 | 112 | The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0}, |
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113 | @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}. |
114 | Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address | |
115 | register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address | |
116 | pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in | |
117 | Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit | |
118 | @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers. | |
119 | ||
120 | @smallexample | |
121 | X = @r{r26:r27} | |
122 | Y = @r{r28:r29} | |
123 | Z = @r{r30:r31} | |
124 | @end smallexample | |
125 | ||
126 | @node AVR-Modifiers | |
127 | @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers | |
128 | ||
129 | @cindex AVR modifiers | |
130 | @cindex syntax, AVR | |
131 | ||
132 | The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses | |
133 | in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following: | |
134 | ||
135 | @smallexample | |
136 | modifier(relocatable-expression) | |
137 | @end smallexample | |
138 | ||
139 | @table @code | |
140 | @cindex symbol modifiers | |
141 | ||
142 | @item lo8 | |
143 | ||
144 | This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of | |
145 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. | |
146 | ||
147 | @item hi8 | |
148 | ||
149 | This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression | |
150 | as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the | |
151 | AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier. | |
152 | ||
153 | For example | |
154 | ||
155 | @smallexample | |
156 | ldi r26, lo8(sym+10) | |
157 | ldi r27, hi8(sym+10) | |
158 | @end smallexample | |
159 | ||
160 | @item hh8 | |
161 | ||
162 | This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of | |
163 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. | |
164 | Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants. | |
165 | ||
166 | @item hlo8 | |
167 | ||
168 | Synonym of @samp{hh8}. | |
169 | ||
170 | @item hhi8 | |
171 | ||
172 | This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of | |
173 | an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the | |
174 | AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8}, | |
175 | @samp{hhi8}, modifier. | |
176 | ||
177 | For example | |
178 | ||
179 | @smallexample | |
180 | ldi r26, lo8(285774925) | |
181 | ldi r27, hi8(285774925) | |
182 | ldi r28, hlo8(285774925) | |
183 | ldi r29, hhi8(285774925) | |
184 | ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925 | |
185 | @end smallexample | |
186 | ||
187 | @item pm_lo8 | |
188 | ||
189 | This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of | |
190 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. | |
191 | This modifier useful for addressing data or code from | |
192 | Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar | |
193 | to @samp{lo8}. | |
194 | ||
195 | @item pm_hi8 | |
196 | ||
197 | This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of | |
198 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. | |
199 | This modifier useful for addressing data or code from | |
200 | Flash/Program memory. | |
201 | ||
202 | @item pm_hh8 | |
203 | ||
204 | This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of | |
205 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. | |
206 | This modifier useful for addressing data or code from | |
207 | Flash/Program memory. | |
208 | ||
209 | @end table | |
210 | ||
211 | @node AVR Opcodes | |
212 | @section Opcodes | |
213 | ||
214 | @cindex AVR opcode summary | |
215 | @cindex opcode summary, AVR | |
216 | @cindex mnemonics, AVR | |
217 | @cindex instruction summary, AVR | |
218 | For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see | |
219 | @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}. | |
220 | ||
221 | @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes. | |
222 | The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments. | |
223 | ||
224 | @smallexample | |
225 | @i{Legend:} | |
226 | r @r{any register} | |
227 | d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)} | |
228 | v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)} | |
229 | a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)} | |
230 | w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)} | |
231 | e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)} | |
232 | b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)} | |
233 | z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])} | |
234 | M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255} | |
235 | n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible} | |
236 | s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7} | |
237 | P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)} | |
238 | p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)} | |
239 | K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')} | |
240 | i @r{immediate value} | |
241 | l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63} | |
242 | L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047} | |
243 | h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)} | |
244 | S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)} | |
245 | ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry} | |
246 | ||
247 | 1001010010001000 clc | |
248 | 1001010011011000 clh | |
249 | 1001010011111000 cli | |
250 | 1001010010101000 cln | |
251 | 1001010011001000 cls | |
252 | 1001010011101000 clt | |
253 | 1001010010111000 clv | |
254 | 1001010010011000 clz | |
255 | 1001010000001000 sec | |
256 | 1001010001011000 seh | |
257 | 1001010001111000 sei | |
258 | 1001010000101000 sen | |
259 | 1001010001001000 ses | |
260 | 1001010001101000 set | |
261 | 1001010000111000 sev | |
262 | 1001010000011000 sez | |
263 | 100101001SSS1000 bclr S | |
264 | 100101000SSS1000 bset S | |
265 | 1001010100001001 icall | |
266 | 1001010000001001 ijmp | |
267 | 1001010111001000 lpm ? | |
268 | 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z | |
269 | 1001010111011000 elpm ? | |
270 | 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z | |
271 | 0000000000000000 nop | |
272 | 1001010100001000 ret | |
273 | 1001010100011000 reti | |
274 | 1001010110001000 sleep | |
275 | 1001010110011000 break | |
276 | 1001010110101000 wdr | |
277 | 1001010111101000 spm | |
278 | 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r | |
279 | 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r | |
280 | 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r | |
281 | 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r | |
282 | 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r | |
283 | 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r | |
284 | 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r | |
285 | 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r | |
286 | 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r | |
287 | 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r | |
288 | 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r | |
289 | 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r | |
290 | 001001rdddddrrrr clr r | |
291 | 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r | |
292 | 000111rdddddrrrr rol r | |
293 | 001000rdddddrrrr tst r | |
294 | 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M | |
295 | 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n | |
296 | 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M | |
297 | 11101111dddd1111 ser d | |
298 | 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M | |
299 | 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M | |
300 | 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M | |
301 | 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M | |
302 | 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M | |
303 | 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s | |
304 | 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s | |
305 | 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s | |
306 | 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s | |
307 | 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P | |
308 | 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r | |
309 | 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K | |
310 | 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K | |
311 | 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s | |
312 | 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s | |
313 | 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s | |
314 | 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s | |
315 | 111101lllllll000 brcc l | |
316 | 111100lllllll000 brcs l | |
317 | 111100lllllll001 breq l | |
318 | 111101lllllll100 brge l | |
319 | 111101lllllll101 brhc l | |
320 | 111100lllllll101 brhs l | |
321 | 111101lllllll111 brid l | |
322 | 111100lllllll111 brie l | |
323 | 111100lllllll000 brlo l | |
324 | 111100lllllll100 brlt l | |
325 | 111100lllllll010 brmi l | |
326 | 111101lllllll001 brne l | |
327 | 111101lllllll010 brpl l | |
328 | 111101lllllll000 brsh l | |
329 | 111101lllllll110 brtc l | |
330 | 111100lllllll110 brts l | |
331 | 111101lllllll011 brvc l | |
332 | 111100lllllll011 brvs l | |
333 | 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l | |
334 | 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l | |
335 | 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L | |
336 | 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L | |
337 | 1001010hhhhh111h call h | |
338 | 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h | |
339 | 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r | |
340 | 1001010rrrrr0000 com r | |
341 | 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r | |
342 | 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r | |
343 | 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r | |
344 | 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r | |
345 | 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r | |
346 | 1001001rrrrr1111 push r | |
347 | 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r | |
348 | 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r | |
349 | 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v | |
350 | 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d | |
351 | 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a | |
352 | 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a | |
353 | 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a | |
354 | 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a | |
355 | 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r | |
356 | 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i | |
357 | 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b | |
358 | 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e | |
359 | 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r | |
360 | 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r | |
361 | 1001010100011001 eicall | |
362 | 1001010000011001 eijmp | |
363 | @end smallexample |