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b90efa5b | 1 | @c Copyright (C) 2006-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
8473f7a4 DC |
2 | @c This is part of the GAS manual. |
3 | @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. | |
4 | ||
5 | @ifset GENERIC | |
6 | @page | |
7 | @node AVR-Dependent | |
8 | @chapter AVR Dependent Features | |
9 | @end ifset | |
10 | ||
11 | @ifclear GENERIC | |
12 | @node Machine Dependencies | |
13 | @chapter AVR Dependent Features | |
14 | @end ifclear | |
15 | ||
16 | @cindex AVR support | |
17 | @menu | |
18 | * AVR Options:: Options | |
19 | * AVR Syntax:: Syntax | |
20 | * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes | |
21 | @end menu | |
22 | ||
23 | @node AVR Options | |
24 | @section Options | |
25 | @cindex AVR options (none) | |
26 | @cindex options for AVR (none) | |
27 | ||
28 | @table @code | |
29 | ||
30 | @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR | |
31 | @item -mmcu=@var{mcu} | |
32 | Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type. | |
33 | ||
34 | Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C | |
7f5ba16d | 35 | compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200, |
8473f7a4 DC |
36 | attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28). |
37 | ||
38 | Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to | |
7b21ac3f EW |
39 | 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343, |
40 | attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534, | |
41 | at90s8535). | |
42 | ||
43 | Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory | |
44 | space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313, | |
8453da2e | 45 | attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84, |
e760a81b EW |
46 | attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461, |
47 | attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88, | |
255d9eec | 48 | attiny828, at86rf401, ata6289, ata5272). |
8473f7a4 DC |
49 | |
50 | Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program | |
7b21ac3f EW |
51 | memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711). |
52 | ||
53 | Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program | |
54 | memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320). | |
55 | ||
56 | Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP | |
255d9eec DC |
57 | instructions (MCU types: attiny167, attiny1634, at90usb82, at90usb162, |
58 | atmega8u2, atmega16u2, atmega32u2, ata5505). | |
8473f7a4 DC |
59 | |
60 | Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program | |
f36e8886 BS |
61 | memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48pa, atmega48p, atmega8, |
62 | atmega8a, atmega88, atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535, | |
63 | atmega8hva, at90pwm1, at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81, | |
255d9eec | 64 | ata6285, ata6286). |
8473f7a4 DC |
65 | |
66 | Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program | |
255d9eec | 67 | memory space (MCU types: at90pwm161, atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162, |
f36e8886 | 68 | atmega163, atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega164pa, atmega165, atmega165a, |
255d9eec DC |
69 | atmega165p, atmega165pa, atmega168, atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega168pa, |
70 | atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p, atmega169pa, atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a, | |
71 | atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega32, atmega32a, atmega323, | |
72 | atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega324pa, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega325p, | |
f36e8886 BS |
73 | atmega325p, atmega325pa, atmega3250, atmega3250a, atmega3250p, atmega3250pa, |
74 | atmega328, atmega328p, atmega329, atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa, | |
75 | atmega3290a, atmega3290p, atmega3290pa, atmega406, atmega64, atmega64a, | |
255d9eec DC |
76 | atmega64rfr2, atmega644rfr2, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644a, atmega644p, |
77 | atmega644pa, atmega645, atmega645a, atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a, | |
78 | atmega6450p, atmega649, atmega649a, atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a, | |
f36e8886 | 79 | atmega6490p, atmega16hva, atmega16hva2, atmega16hvb, atmega16hvbrevb, |
255d9eec DC |
80 | atmega32hvb, atmega32hvbrevb, atmega64hve, at90can32, at90can64, at90pwm161, |
81 | at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1, atmega32m1, | |
82 | atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646, at90usb647, at94k, | |
83 | at90scr100, ata5790, ata5795). | |
7b21ac3f | 84 | |
f36e8886 BS |
85 | Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K |
86 | program memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega128a, atmega1280, | |
87 | atmega1281, atmega1284, atmega1284p, atmega128rfa1, atmega128rfr2, | |
88 | atmega1284rfr2, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000). | |
89 | ||
90 | Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC | |
91 | (MCU types: atmega2560, atmega2561, atmega256rfr2, atmega2564rfr2). | |
92 | ||
93 | Instruction set avrxmega2 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K | |
94 | program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: | |
95 | atxmega16a4, atxmega16a4u, atxmega16c4, atxmega16d4, atxmega16x1, | |
96 | atxmega32a4, atxmega32a4u, atxmega32c4, atxmega32d4, atxmega16e5, | |
97 | atxmega8e5, atxmega32e5, atxmega32x1). | |
98 | ||
99 | Instruction set avrxmega3 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K | |
100 | program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: | |
101 | none). | |
102 | ||
103 | Instruction set avrxmega4 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K | |
104 | program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: | |
105 | atxmega64a3, atxmega64a3u, atxmega64a4u, atxmega64b1, atxmega64b3, | |
106 | atxmega64c3, atxmega64d3, atxmega64d4). | |
107 | ||
108 | Instruction set avrxmega5 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K | |
109 | program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: | |
110 | atxmega64a1, atxmega64a1u). | |
111 | ||
112 | Instruction set avrxmega6 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than | |
113 | 64K program memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: | |
114 | atxmega128a3, atxmega128a3u, atxmega128c3, atxmega128d3, atxmega128d4, | |
115 | atxmega192a3, atxmega192a3u, atxmega128b1, atxmega128b3, atxmega192c3, | |
116 | atxmega192d3, atxmega256a3, atxmega256a3u, atxmega256a3b, | |
117 | atxmega256a3bu, atxmega256c3, atxmega256d3, atxmega384c3, | |
118 | atxmega256d3). | |
119 | ||
120 | Instruction set avrxmega7 is for the XMEGA AVR core with larger than | |
121 | 64K program memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: | |
122 | atxmega128a1, atxmega128a1u, atxmega128a4u). | |
123 | ||
124 | Instruction set avrtiny is for the ATtiny4/5/9/10/20/40 | |
125 | microcontrollers. | |
8cc66334 | 126 | |
8473f7a4 DC |
127 | @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR |
128 | @item -mall-opcodes | |
129 | Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}. | |
130 | ||
131 | @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR | |
132 | @item -mno-skip-bug | |
133 | This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions. | |
134 | ||
135 | @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR | |
136 | @item -mno-wrap | |
137 | This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around. | |
138 | ||
af910977 DC |
139 | @cindex @code{-mrmw} command line option, AVR |
140 | @item -mrmw | |
141 | Accept Read-Modify-Write (@code{XCH,LAC,LAS,LAT}) instructions. | |
142 | ||
f5be9525 AB |
143 | @cindex @code{-mlink-relax} command line option, AVR |
144 | @item -mlink-relax | |
145 | Enable support for link-time relaxation. This is now on by default | |
146 | and this flag no longer has any effect. | |
147 | ||
148 | @cindex @code{-mno-link-relax} command line option, AVR | |
149 | @item -mno-link-relax | |
150 | Disable support for link-time relaxation. The assembler will resolve | |
151 | relocations when it can, and may be able to better compress some debug | |
152 | information. | |
153 | ||
8473f7a4 DC |
154 | @end table |
155 | ||
156 | ||
157 | @node AVR Syntax | |
158 | @section Syntax | |
159 | @menu | |
160 | * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters | |
161 | * AVR-Regs:: Register Names | |
162 | * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers | |
163 | @end menu | |
164 | ||
165 | @node AVR-Chars | |
166 | @subsection Special Characters | |
167 | ||
168 | @cindex line comment character, AVR | |
169 | @cindex AVR line comment character | |
170 | ||
7c31ae13 NC |
171 | The presence of a @samp{;} anywhere on a line indicates the start of a |
172 | comment that extends to the end of that line. | |
173 | ||
174 | If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line, the whole line | |
175 | is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a | |
176 | logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor | |
177 | control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}). | |
8473f7a4 DC |
178 | |
179 | @cindex line separator, AVR | |
180 | @cindex statement separator, AVR | |
181 | @cindex AVR line separator | |
182 | ||
183 | The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate | |
184 | statements. | |
185 | ||
186 | @node AVR-Regs | |
187 | @subsection Register Names | |
188 | ||
189 | @cindex AVR register names | |
190 | @cindex register names, AVR | |
191 | ||
b45619c0 | 192 | The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0}, |
8473f7a4 DC |
193 | @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}. |
194 | Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address | |
195 | register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address | |
196 | pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in | |
197 | Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit | |
198 | @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers. | |
199 | ||
200 | @smallexample | |
201 | X = @r{r26:r27} | |
202 | Y = @r{r28:r29} | |
203 | Z = @r{r30:r31} | |
204 | @end smallexample | |
205 | ||
206 | @node AVR-Modifiers | |
207 | @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers | |
208 | ||
209 | @cindex AVR modifiers | |
210 | @cindex syntax, AVR | |
211 | ||
212 | The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses | |
213 | in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following: | |
214 | ||
215 | @smallexample | |
216 | modifier(relocatable-expression) | |
217 | @end smallexample | |
218 | ||
219 | @table @code | |
220 | @cindex symbol modifiers | |
221 | ||
222 | @item lo8 | |
223 | ||
224 | This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of | |
225 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. | |
226 | ||
227 | @item hi8 | |
228 | ||
229 | This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression | |
230 | as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the | |
231 | AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier. | |
232 | ||
233 | For example | |
234 | ||
235 | @smallexample | |
236 | ldi r26, lo8(sym+10) | |
237 | ldi r27, hi8(sym+10) | |
238 | @end smallexample | |
239 | ||
240 | @item hh8 | |
241 | ||
242 | This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of | |
243 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. | |
244 | Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants. | |
245 | ||
246 | @item hlo8 | |
247 | ||
248 | Synonym of @samp{hh8}. | |
249 | ||
250 | @item hhi8 | |
251 | ||
252 | This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of | |
253 | an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the | |
254 | AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8}, | |
255 | @samp{hhi8}, modifier. | |
256 | ||
257 | For example | |
258 | ||
259 | @smallexample | |
260 | ldi r26, lo8(285774925) | |
261 | ldi r27, hi8(285774925) | |
262 | ldi r28, hlo8(285774925) | |
263 | ldi r29, hhi8(285774925) | |
264 | ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925 | |
265 | @end smallexample | |
266 | ||
267 | @item pm_lo8 | |
268 | ||
269 | This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of | |
270 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. | |
271 | This modifier useful for addressing data or code from | |
272 | Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar | |
273 | to @samp{lo8}. | |
274 | ||
275 | @item pm_hi8 | |
276 | ||
277 | This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of | |
278 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. | |
279 | This modifier useful for addressing data or code from | |
280 | Flash/Program memory. | |
281 | ||
282 | @item pm_hh8 | |
283 | ||
284 | This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of | |
285 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. | |
286 | This modifier useful for addressing data or code from | |
287 | Flash/Program memory. | |
288 | ||
289 | @end table | |
290 | ||
291 | @node AVR Opcodes | |
292 | @section Opcodes | |
293 | ||
294 | @cindex AVR opcode summary | |
295 | @cindex opcode summary, AVR | |
296 | @cindex mnemonics, AVR | |
297 | @cindex instruction summary, AVR | |
298 | For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see | |
299 | @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}. | |
300 | ||
301 | @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes. | |
302 | The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments. | |
303 | ||
304 | @smallexample | |
305 | @i{Legend:} | |
306 | r @r{any register} | |
307 | d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)} | |
308 | v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)} | |
309 | a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)} | |
310 | w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)} | |
311 | e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)} | |
312 | b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)} | |
313 | z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])} | |
314 | M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255} | |
315 | n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible} | |
316 | s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7} | |
317 | P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)} | |
318 | p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)} | |
319 | K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')} | |
320 | i @r{immediate value} | |
321 | l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63} | |
322 | L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047} | |
323 | h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)} | |
324 | S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)} | |
325 | ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry} | |
326 | ||
34bca508 L |
327 | 1001010010001000 clc |
328 | 1001010011011000 clh | |
329 | 1001010011111000 cli | |
330 | 1001010010101000 cln | |
331 | 1001010011001000 cls | |
332 | 1001010011101000 clt | |
333 | 1001010010111000 clv | |
334 | 1001010010011000 clz | |
335 | 1001010000001000 sec | |
336 | 1001010001011000 seh | |
337 | 1001010001111000 sei | |
338 | 1001010000101000 sen | |
339 | 1001010001001000 ses | |
340 | 1001010001101000 set | |
341 | 1001010000111000 sev | |
342 | 1001010000011000 sez | |
8473f7a4 DC |
343 | 100101001SSS1000 bclr S |
344 | 100101000SSS1000 bset S | |
345 | 1001010100001001 icall | |
34bca508 | 346 | 1001010000001001 ijmp |
8473f7a4 DC |
347 | 1001010111001000 lpm ? |
348 | 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z | |
349 | 1001010111011000 elpm ? | |
350 | 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z | |
34bca508 L |
351 | 0000000000000000 nop |
352 | 1001010100001000 ret | |
353 | 1001010100011000 reti | |
8473f7a4 DC |
354 | 1001010110001000 sleep |
355 | 1001010110011000 break | |
34bca508 L |
356 | 1001010110101000 wdr |
357 | 1001010111101000 spm | |
8473f7a4 DC |
358 | 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r |
359 | 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r | |
360 | 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r | |
361 | 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r | |
362 | 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r | |
363 | 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r | |
364 | 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r | |
365 | 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r | |
366 | 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r | |
367 | 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r | |
368 | 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r | |
369 | 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r | |
370 | 001001rdddddrrrr clr r | |
371 | 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r | |
372 | 000111rdddddrrrr rol r | |
373 | 001000rdddddrrrr tst r | |
374 | 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M | |
375 | 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n | |
376 | 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M | |
377 | 11101111dddd1111 ser d | |
378 | 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M | |
379 | 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M | |
380 | 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M | |
381 | 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M | |
382 | 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M | |
383 | 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s | |
384 | 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s | |
385 | 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s | |
386 | 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s | |
387 | 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P | |
388 | 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r | |
389 | 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K | |
390 | 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K | |
391 | 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s | |
392 | 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s | |
393 | 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s | |
394 | 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s | |
395 | 111101lllllll000 brcc l | |
396 | 111100lllllll000 brcs l | |
397 | 111100lllllll001 breq l | |
398 | 111101lllllll100 brge l | |
399 | 111101lllllll101 brhc l | |
400 | 111100lllllll101 brhs l | |
401 | 111101lllllll111 brid l | |
402 | 111100lllllll111 brie l | |
403 | 111100lllllll000 brlo l | |
404 | 111100lllllll100 brlt l | |
405 | 111100lllllll010 brmi l | |
406 | 111101lllllll001 brne l | |
407 | 111101lllllll010 brpl l | |
408 | 111101lllllll000 brsh l | |
409 | 111101lllllll110 brtc l | |
410 | 111100lllllll110 brts l | |
411 | 111101lllllll011 brvc l | |
412 | 111100lllllll011 brvs l | |
413 | 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l | |
414 | 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l | |
415 | 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L | |
416 | 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L | |
417 | 1001010hhhhh111h call h | |
418 | 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h | |
419 | 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r | |
420 | 1001010rrrrr0000 com r | |
421 | 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r | |
422 | 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r | |
423 | 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r | |
424 | 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r | |
425 | 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r | |
426 | 1001001rrrrr1111 push r | |
427 | 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r | |
428 | 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r | |
429 | 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v | |
430 | 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d | |
431 | 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a | |
432 | 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a | |
433 | 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a | |
434 | 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a | |
435 | 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r | |
436 | 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i | |
437 | 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b | |
438 | 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e | |
439 | 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r | |
440 | 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r | |
34bca508 L |
441 | 1001010100011001 eicall |
442 | 1001010000011001 eijmp | |
8473f7a4 | 443 | @end smallexample |