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1 | @c Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
2 | @c This is part of the GAS manual. | |
3 | @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. | |
4 | @ifset GENERIC | |
5 | @page | |
6 | @node Sparc-Dependent | |
7 | @chapter SPARC Dependent Features | |
8 | @end ifset | |
9 | @ifclear GENERIC | |
10 | @node Machine Dependencies | |
11 | @chapter SPARC Dependent Features | |
12 | @end ifclear | |
13 | ||
14 | @cindex SPARC support | |
15 | @menu | |
16 | * Sparc-Opts:: Options | |
17 | * Sparc-Aligned-Data:: Option to enforce aligned data | |
18 | * Sparc-Float:: Floating Point | |
19 | * Sparc-Directives:: Sparc Machine Directives | |
20 | @end menu | |
21 | ||
22 | @node Sparc-Opts | |
23 | @section Options | |
24 | ||
25 | @cindex options for SPARC | |
26 | @cindex SPARC options | |
27 | @cindex architectures, SPARC | |
28 | @cindex SPARC architectures | |
29 | The SPARC chip family includes several successive levels, using the same | |
30 | core instruction set, but including a few additional instructions at | |
31 | each level. There are exceptions to this however. For details on what | |
32 | instructions each variant supports, please see the chip's architecture | |
33 | reference manual. | |
34 | ||
35 | By default, @code{@value{AS}} assumes the core instruction set (SPARC | |
36 | v6), but ``bumps'' the architecture level as needed: it switches to | |
37 | successively higher architectures as it encounters instructions that | |
38 | only exist in the higher levels. | |
39 | ||
40 | If not configured for SPARC v9 (@code{sparc64-*-*}) GAS will not bump | |
41 | passed sparclite by default, an option must be passed to enable the | |
42 | v9 instructions. | |
43 | ||
44 | GAS treats sparclite as being compatible with v8, unless an architecture | |
45 | is explicitly requested. SPARC v9 is always incompatible with sparclite. | |
46 | ||
47 | @c The order here is the same as the order of enum sparc_opcode_arch_val | |
48 | @c to give the user a sense of the order of the "bumping". | |
49 | ||
50 | @table @code | |
51 | @kindex -Av6 | |
52 | @kindex Av7 | |
53 | @kindex -Av8 | |
54 | @kindex -Asparclet | |
55 | @kindex -Asparclite | |
56 | @kindex -Av9 | |
57 | @kindex -Av9a | |
58 | @item -Av6 | -Av7 | -Av8 | -Asparclet | -Asparclite | |
59 | @itemx -Av8plus | -Av8plusa | -Av9 | -Av9a | |
60 | Use one of the @samp{-A} options to select one of the SPARC | |
61 | architectures explicitly. If you select an architecture explicitly, | |
62 | @code{@value{AS}} reports a fatal error if it encounters an instruction | |
63 | or feature requiring an incompatible or higher level. | |
64 | ||
65 | @samp{-Av8plus} and @samp{-Av8plusa} select a 32 bit environment. | |
66 | ||
67 | @samp{-Av9} and @samp{-Av9a} select a 64 bit environment and are not | |
68 | available unless GAS is explicitly configured with 64 bit environment | |
69 | support. | |
70 | ||
71 | @samp{-Av8plusa} and @samp{-Av9a} enable the SPARC V9 instruction set with | |
72 | UltraSPARC extensions. | |
73 | ||
74 | @item -xarch=v8plus | -xarch=v8plusa | |
75 | For compatibility with the Solaris v9 assembler. These options are | |
76 | equivalent to -Av8plus and -Av8plusa, respectively. | |
77 | ||
78 | @item -bump | |
79 | Warn whenever it is necessary to switch to another level. | |
80 | If an architecture level is explicitly requested, GAS will not issue | |
81 | warnings until that level is reached, and will then bump the level | |
82 | as required (except between incompatible levels). | |
83 | ||
84 | @item -32 | -64 | |
85 | Select the word size, either 32 bits or 64 bits. | |
86 | These options are only available with the ELF object file format, | |
87 | and require that the necessary BFD support has been included. | |
88 | @end table | |
89 | ||
90 | @node Sparc-Aligned-Data | |
91 | @section Enforcing aligned data | |
92 | ||
93 | @cindex data alignment on SPARC | |
94 | @cindex SPARC data alignment | |
95 | SPARC GAS normally permits data to be misaligned. For example, it | |
96 | permits the @code{.long} pseudo-op to be used on a byte boundary. | |
97 | However, the native SunOS and Solaris assemblers issue an error when | |
98 | they see misaligned data. | |
99 | ||
100 | @kindex --enforce-aligned-data | |
101 | You can use the @code{--enforce-aligned-data} option to make SPARC GAS | |
102 | also issue an error about misaligned data, just as the SunOS and Solaris | |
103 | assemblers do. | |
104 | ||
105 | The @code{--enforce-aligned-data} option is not the default because gcc | |
106 | issues misaligned data pseudo-ops when it initializes certain packed | |
107 | data structures (structures defined using the @code{packed} attribute). | |
108 | You may have to assemble with GAS in order to initialize packed data | |
109 | structures in your own code. | |
110 | ||
111 | @ignore | |
112 | @c FIXME: (sparc) Fill in "syntax" section! | |
113 | @c subsection syntax | |
114 | I don't know anything about Sparc syntax. Someone who does | |
115 | will have to write this section. | |
116 | @end ignore | |
117 | ||
118 | @node Sparc-Float | |
119 | @section Floating Point | |
120 | ||
121 | @cindex floating point, SPARC (@sc{ieee}) | |
122 | @cindex SPARC floating point (@sc{ieee}) | |
123 | The Sparc uses @sc{ieee} floating-point numbers. | |
124 | ||
125 | @node Sparc-Directives | |
126 | @section Sparc Machine Directives | |
127 | ||
128 | @cindex SPARC machine directives | |
129 | @cindex machine directives, SPARC | |
130 | The Sparc version of @code{@value{AS}} supports the following additional | |
131 | machine directives: | |
132 | ||
133 | @table @code | |
134 | @cindex @code{align} directive, SPARC | |
135 | @item .align | |
136 | This must be followed by the desired alignment in bytes. | |
137 | ||
138 | @cindex @code{common} directive, SPARC | |
139 | @item .common | |
140 | This must be followed by a symbol name, a positive number, and | |
141 | @code{"bss"}. This behaves somewhat like @code{.comm}, but the | |
142 | syntax is different. | |
143 | ||
144 | @cindex @code{half} directive, SPARC | |
145 | @item .half | |
146 | This is functionally identical to @code{.short}. | |
147 | ||
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148 | @cindex @code{nword} directive, SPARC |
149 | @item .nword | |
150 | On the Sparc, the @code{.nword} directive produces native word sized value, | |
151 | ie. if assembling with -32 it is equivalent to @code{.word}, if assembling | |
152 | with -64 it is equivalent to @code{.xword}. | |
153 | ||
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154 | @cindex @code{proc} directive, SPARC |
155 | @item .proc | |
156 | This directive is ignored. Any text following it on the same | |
157 | line is also ignored. | |
158 | ||
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159 | @cindex @code{register} directive, SPARC |
160 | @item .register | |
161 | This directive declares use of a global application or system register. | |
162 | It must be followed by a register name %g2, %g3, %g6 or %g7, comma and | |
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163 | the symbol name for that register. If symbol name is @code{#scratch}, |
164 | it is a scratch register, if it is @code{#ignore}, it just surpresses any | |
165 | errors about using undeclared global register, but does not emit any | |
166 | information about it into the object file. This can be useful e.g. if you | |
167 | save the register before use and restore it after. | |
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169 | @cindex @code{reserve} directive, SPARC |
170 | @item .reserve | |
171 | This must be followed by a symbol name, a positive number, and | |
172 | @code{"bss"}. This behaves somewhat like @code{.lcomm}, but the | |
173 | syntax is different. | |
174 | ||
175 | @cindex @code{seg} directive, SPARC | |
176 | @item .seg | |
177 | This must be followed by @code{"text"}, @code{"data"}, or | |
178 | @code{"data1"}. It behaves like @code{.text}, @code{.data}, or | |
179 | @code{.data 1}. | |
180 | ||
181 | @cindex @code{skip} directive, SPARC | |
182 | @item .skip | |
183 | This is functionally identical to the @code{.space} directive. | |
184 | ||
185 | @cindex @code{word} directive, SPARC | |
186 | @item .word | |
187 | On the Sparc, the @code{.word} directive produces 32 bit values, | |
188 | instead of the 16 bit values it produces on many other machines. | |
189 | ||
190 | @cindex @code{xword} directive, SPARC | |
191 | @item .xword | |
192 | On the Sparc V9 processor, the @code{.xword} directive produces | |
193 | 64 bit values. | |
194 | @end table |