Commit | Line | Data |
---|---|---|
aa137e4d NC |
1 | @c Copyright 2011 |
2 | @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
3 | @c This is part of the GAS manual. | |
4 | @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. | |
5 | @ifset GENERIC | |
6 | @page | |
7 | @node TILEPro-Dependent | |
8 | @chapter TILEPro Dependent Features | |
9 | @end ifset | |
10 | @ifclear GENERIC | |
11 | @node Machine Dependencies | |
12 | @chapter TILEPro Dependent Features | |
13 | @end ifclear | |
14 | ||
15 | @cindex TILEPro support | |
16 | @menu | |
17 | * TILEPro Options:: TILEPro Options | |
18 | * TILEPro Syntax:: TILEPro Syntax | |
19 | * TILEPro Directives:: TILEPro Directives | |
20 | @end menu | |
21 | ||
22 | @node TILEPro Options | |
23 | @section Options | |
24 | ||
25 | @code{@value{AS}} has no machine-dependent command-line options for | |
26 | TILEPro. | |
27 | ||
28 | @node TILEPro Syntax | |
29 | @section Syntax | |
30 | @cindex TILEPro syntax | |
31 | @cindex syntax, TILEPro | |
32 | ||
33 | Block comments are delimited by @samp{/*} and @samp{*/}. End of line | |
34 | comments may be introduced by @samp{#}. | |
35 | ||
36 | Instructions consist of a leading opcode or macro name followed by | |
37 | whitespace and an optional comma-separated list of operands: | |
38 | ||
39 | @smallexample | |
40 | @var{opcode} [@var{operand}, @dots{}] | |
41 | @end smallexample | |
42 | ||
43 | Instructions must be separated by a newline or semicolon. | |
44 | ||
45 | There are two ways to write code: either write naked instructions, | |
46 | which the assembler is free to combine into VLIW bundles, or specify | |
47 | the VLIW bundles explicitly. | |
48 | ||
49 | Bundles are specified using curly braces: | |
50 | ||
51 | @smallexample | |
52 | @{ @var{add} r3,r4,r5 ; @var{add} r7,r8,r9 ; @var{lw} r10,r11 @} | |
53 | @end smallexample | |
54 | ||
55 | A bundle can span multiple lines. If you want to put multiple | |
56 | instructions on a line, whether in a bundle or not, you need to | |
57 | separate them with semicolons as in this example. | |
58 | ||
59 | A bundle may contain one or more instructions, up to the limit | |
60 | specified by the ISA (currently three). If fewer instructions are | |
61 | specified than the hardware supports in a bundle, the assembler | |
62 | inserts @code{fnop} instructions automatically. | |
63 | ||
64 | The assembler will prefer to preserve the ordering of instructions | |
65 | within the bundle, putting the first instruction in a lower-numbered | |
66 | pipeline than the next one, etc. This fact, combined with the | |
67 | optional use of explicit @code{fnop} or @code{nop} instructions, | |
68 | allows precise control over which pipeline executes each instruction. | |
69 | ||
70 | If the instructions cannot be bundled in the listed order, the | |
71 | assembler will automatically try to find a valid pipeline | |
72 | assignment. If there is no way to bundle the instructions together, | |
73 | the assembler reports an error. | |
74 | ||
75 | The assembler does not yet auto-bundle (automatically combine multiple | |
76 | instructions into one bundle), but it reserves the right to do so in | |
77 | the future. If you want to force an instruction to run by itself, put | |
78 | it in a bundle explicitly with curly braces and use @code{nop} | |
79 | instructions (not @code{fnop}) to fill the remaining pipeline slots in | |
80 | that bundle. | |
81 | ||
82 | @menu | |
83 | * TILEPro Opcodes:: Opcode Naming Conventions. | |
84 | * TILEPro Registers:: Register Naming. | |
85 | * TILEPro Modifiers:: Symbolic Operand Modifiers. | |
86 | @end menu | |
87 | ||
88 | @node TILEPro Opcodes | |
89 | @subsection Opcode Names | |
90 | @cindex TILEPro opcode names | |
91 | @cindex opcode names, TILEPro | |
92 | ||
93 | For a complete list of opcodes and descriptions of their semantics, | |
94 | see @cite{TILE Processor User Architecture Manual}, available upon | |
95 | request at www.tilera.com. | |
96 | ||
97 | @node TILEPro Registers | |
98 | @subsection Register Names | |
99 | @cindex TILEPro register names | |
100 | @cindex register names, TILEPro | |
101 | ||
102 | General-purpose registers are represented by predefined symbols of the | |
103 | form @samp{r@var{N}}, where @var{N} represents a number between | |
104 | @code{0} and @code{63}. However, the following registers have | |
105 | canonical names that must be used instead: | |
106 | ||
107 | @table @code | |
108 | @item r54 | |
109 | sp | |
110 | ||
111 | @item r55 | |
112 | lr | |
113 | ||
114 | @item r56 | |
115 | sn | |
116 | ||
117 | @item r57 | |
118 | idn0 | |
119 | ||
120 | @item r58 | |
121 | idn1 | |
122 | ||
123 | @item r59 | |
124 | udn0 | |
125 | ||
126 | @item r60 | |
127 | udn1 | |
128 | ||
129 | @item r61 | |
130 | udn2 | |
131 | ||
132 | @item r62 | |
133 | udn3 | |
134 | ||
135 | @item r63 | |
136 | zero | |
137 | ||
138 | @end table | |
139 | ||
140 | The assembler will emit a warning if a numeric name is used instead of | |
141 | the canonical name. The @code{.no_require_canonical_reg_names} | |
142 | assembler pseudo-op turns off this | |
143 | warning. @code{.require_canonical_reg_names} turns it back on. | |
144 | ||
145 | @node TILEPro Modifiers | |
146 | @subsection Symbolic Operand Modifiers | |
147 | @cindex TILEPro modifiers | |
148 | @cindex symbol modifiers, TILEPro | |
149 | ||
150 | The assembler supports several modifiers when using symbol addresses | |
151 | in TILEPro instruction operands. The general syntax is the following: | |
152 | ||
153 | @smallexample | |
154 | modifier(symbol) | |
155 | @end smallexample | |
156 | ||
157 | The following modifiers are supported: | |
158 | ||
159 | @table @code | |
160 | ||
161 | @item lo16 | |
162 | ||
163 | This modifier is used to load the low 16 bits of the symbol's address, | |
164 | sign-extended to a 32-bit value (sign-extension allows it to be | |
165 | range-checked against signed 16 bit immediate operands without | |
166 | complaint). | |
167 | ||
168 | @item hi16 | |
169 | ||
170 | This modifier is used to load the high 16 bits of the symbol's | |
171 | address, also sign-extended to a 32-bit value. | |
172 | ||
173 | @item ha16 | |
174 | ||
175 | @code{ha16(N)} is identical to @code{hi16(N)}, except if | |
176 | @code{lo16(N)} is negative it adds one to the @code{hi16(N)} | |
177 | value. This way @code{lo16} and @code{ha16} can be added to create any | |
178 | 32-bit value using @code{auli}. For example, here is how you move an | |
179 | arbitrary 32-bit address into r3: | |
180 | ||
181 | @smallexample | |
182 | moveli r3, lo16(sym) | |
183 | auli r3, r3, ha16(sym) | |
184 | @end smallexample | |
185 | ||
186 | @item got | |
187 | ||
188 | This modifier is used to load the offset of the GOT entry | |
189 | corresponding to the symbol. | |
190 | ||
191 | @item got_lo16 | |
192 | ||
193 | This modifier is used to load the sign-extended low 16 bits of the | |
194 | offset of the GOT entry corresponding to the symbol. | |
195 | ||
196 | @item got_hi16 | |
197 | ||
198 | This modifier is used to load the sign-extended high 16 bits of the | |
199 | offset of the GOT entry corresponding to the symbol. | |
200 | ||
201 | @item got_ha16 | |
202 | ||
203 | This modifier is like @code{got_hi16}, but it adds one if | |
204 | @code{got_lo16} of the input value is negative. | |
205 | ||
206 | @item plt | |
207 | ||
208 | This modifier is used for function symbols. It causes a | |
209 | @emph{procedure linkage table}, an array of code stubs, to be created | |
210 | at the time the shared object is created or linked against, together | |
211 | with a global offset table entry. The value is a pc-relative offset | |
212 | to the corresponding stub code in the procedure linkage table. This | |
213 | arrangement causes the run-time symbol resolver to be called to look | |
214 | up and set the value of the symbol the first time the function is | |
215 | called (at latest; depending environment variables). It is only safe | |
216 | to leave the symbol unresolved this way if all references are function | |
217 | calls. | |
218 | ||
219 | @item tls_gd | |
220 | ||
221 | This modifier is used to load the offset of the GOT entry of the | |
222 | symbol's TLS descriptor, to be used for general-dynamic TLS accesses. | |
223 | ||
224 | @item tls_gd_lo16 | |
225 | ||
226 | This modifier is used to load the sign-extended low 16 bits of the | |
227 | offset of the GOT entry of the symbol's TLS descriptor, to be used for | |
228 | general dynamic TLS accesses. | |
229 | ||
230 | @item tls_gd_hi16 | |
231 | ||
232 | This modifier is used to load the sign-extended high 16 bits of the | |
233 | offset of the GOT entry of the symbol's TLS descriptor, to be used for | |
234 | general dynamic TLS accesses. | |
235 | ||
236 | @item tls_gd_ha16 | |
237 | ||
238 | This modifier is like @code{tls_gd_hi16}, but it adds one to the value | |
239 | if @code{tls_gd_lo16} of the input value is negative. | |
240 | ||
241 | @item tls_ie | |
242 | ||
243 | This modifier is used to load the offset of the GOT entry containing | |
244 | the offset of the symbol's address from the TCB, to be used for | |
245 | initial-exec TLS accesses. | |
246 | ||
247 | @item tls_ie_lo16 | |
248 | ||
249 | This modifier is used to load the low 16 bits of the offset of the GOT | |
250 | entry containing the offset of the symbol's address from the TCB, to | |
251 | be used for initial-exec TLS accesses. | |
252 | ||
253 | @item tls_ie_hi16 | |
254 | ||
255 | This modifier is used to load the high 16 bits of the offset of the | |
256 | GOT entry containing the offset of the symbol's address from the TCB, | |
257 | to be used for initial-exec TLS accesses. | |
258 | ||
259 | @item tls_ie_ha16 | |
260 | ||
261 | This modifier is like @code{tls_ie_hi16}, but it adds one to the value | |
262 | if @code{tls_ie_lo16} of the input value is negative. | |
263 | ||
6f7be959 WL |
264 | @item tls_le |
265 | ||
266 | This modifier is used to load the offset of the symbol's address from | |
267 | the TCB, to be used for local-exec TLS accesses. | |
268 | ||
269 | @item tls_le_lo16 | |
270 | ||
271 | This modifier is used to load the low 16 bits of the offset of the | |
272 | symbol's address from the TCB, to be used for local-exec TLS accesses. | |
273 | ||
274 | @item tls_le_hi16 | |
275 | ||
276 | This modifier is used to load the high 16 bits of the offset of the | |
277 | symbol's address from the TCB, to be used for local-exec TLS accesses. | |
278 | ||
279 | @item tls_le_ha16 | |
280 | ||
281 | This modifier is like @code{tls_le_hi16}, but it adds one to the value | |
282 | if @code{tls_le_lo16} of the input value is negative. | |
283 | ||
284 | @item tls_gd_call | |
285 | ||
286 | This modifier is used to tag an instrution as the ``call'' part of a | |
287 | calling sequence for a TLS GD reference of its operand. | |
288 | ||
289 | @item tls_gd_add | |
290 | ||
291 | This modifier is used to tag an instruction as the ``add'' part of a | |
292 | calling sequence for a TLS GD reference of its operand. | |
293 | ||
294 | @item tls_ie_load | |
295 | ||
296 | This modifier is used to tag an instruction as the ``load'' part of a | |
297 | calling sequence for a TLS IE reference of its operand. | |
298 | ||
aa137e4d NC |
299 | @end table |
300 | ||
301 | @node TILEPro Directives | |
302 | @section TILEPro Directives | |
303 | @cindex machine directives, TILEPro | |
304 | @cindex TILEPro machine directives | |
305 | ||
306 | @table @code | |
307 | ||
308 | @cindex @code{.align} directive, TILEPro | |
309 | @item .align @var{expression} [, @var{expression}] | |
310 | This is the generic @var{.align} directive. The first argument is the | |
311 | requested alignment in bytes. | |
312 | ||
313 | @cindex @code{.allow_suspicious_bundles} directive, TILEPro | |
314 | @item .allow_suspicious_bundles | |
315 | Turns on error checking for combinations of instructions in a bundle | |
316 | that probably indicate a programming error. This is on by default. | |
317 | ||
318 | @item .no_allow_suspicious_bundles | |
319 | Turns off error checking for combinations of instructions in a bundle | |
320 | that probably indicate a programming error. | |
321 | ||
322 | @cindex @code{.require_canonical_reg_names} directive, TILEPro | |
323 | @item .require_canonical_reg_names | |
324 | Require that canonical register names be used, and emit a warning if | |
325 | the numeric names are used. This is on by default. | |
326 | ||
327 | @item .no_require_canonical_reg_names | |
328 | Permit the use of numeric names for registers that have canonical | |
329 | names. | |
330 | ||
331 | @end table | |
332 |