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1 | @c -*-texinfo-*- |
2 | @node GNU Free Documentation License | |
3 | @appendix GNU Free Documentation License | |
4 | @center Version 1.1, March 2000 | |
5 | ||
6 | @display | |
7 | Copyright (C) 2000, Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
8 | 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA | |
9 | ||
10 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
11 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
12 | @end display | |
13 | @sp 1 | |
14 | @enumerate 0 | |
15 | @item | |
16 | PREAMBLE | |
17 | ||
18 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
19 | written document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone | |
20 | the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without | |
21 | modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, | |
22 | this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get | |
23 | credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for | |
24 | modifications made by others. | |
25 | ||
26 | This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative | |
27 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | |
28 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
29 | license designed for free software. | |
30 | ||
31 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | |
32 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | |
33 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | |
34 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | |
35 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | |
36 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | |
37 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | |
38 | ||
39 | @sp 1 | |
40 | @item | |
41 | APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
42 | ||
43 | This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a | |
44 | notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed | |
45 | under the terms of this License. The ``Document'', below, refers to any | |
46 | such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is | |
47 | addressed as ``you.'' | |
48 | ||
49 | A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the | |
50 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
51 | modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
52 | ||
53 | A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of | |
54 | the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
55 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject | |
56 | (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly | |
57 | within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a | |
58 | textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any | |
59 | mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
60 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | |
61 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
62 | them. | |
63 | ||
64 | The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
65 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
66 | that says that the Document is released under this License. | |
67 | ||
68 | The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
69 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
70 | the Document is released under this License. | |
71 | ||
72 | A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
73 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
74 | general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and | |
75 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of | |
76 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
77 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
78 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
79 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
80 | format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage | |
81 | subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is | |
82 | not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque.'' | |
83 | ||
84 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
85 | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML | |
86 | or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple | |
87 | HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include | |
88 | PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only | |
89 | by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or | |
90 | processing tools are not generally available, and the | |
91 | machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output | |
92 | purposes only. | |
93 | ||
94 | The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
95 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
96 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
97 | formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means | |
98 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
99 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
100 | @sp 1 | |
101 | @item | |
102 | VERBATIM COPYING | |
103 | ||
104 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
105 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
106 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
107 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | |
108 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
109 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
110 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
111 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
112 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
113 | ||
114 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
115 | you may publicly display copies. | |
116 | @sp 1 | |
117 | @item | |
118 | COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
119 | ||
120 | If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, | |
121 | and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose | |
122 | the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
123 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on | |
124 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
125 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
126 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
127 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
128 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
129 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
130 | as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
131 | ||
132 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
133 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
134 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
135 | pages. | |
136 | ||
137 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
138 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
139 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
140 | a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete | |
141 | Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the | |
142 | general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no | |
143 | charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter | |
144 | option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin | |
145 | distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this | |
146 | Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location | |
147 | until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque | |
148 | copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to | |
149 | the public. | |
150 | ||
151 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
152 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | |
153 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | |
154 | @sp 1 | |
155 | @item | |
156 | MODIFICATIONS | |
157 | ||
158 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
159 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
160 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
161 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
162 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
163 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
164 | ||
165 | A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | |
166 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | |
167 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | |
168 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | |
169 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission.@* | |
170 | B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
171 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | |
172 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | |
173 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).@* | |
174 | C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | |
175 | Modified Version, as the publisher.@* | |
176 | D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.@* | |
177 | E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
178 | adjacent to the other copyright notices.@* | |
179 | F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
180 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | |
181 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.@* | |
182 | G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
183 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.@* | |
184 | H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.@* | |
185 | I. Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to | |
186 | it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | |
187 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If | |
188 | there is no section entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one | |
189 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as | |
190 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | |
191 | Version as stated in the previous sentence.@* | |
192 | J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | |
193 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | |
194 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | |
195 | it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. | |
196 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | |
197 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | |
198 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.@* | |
199 | K. In any section entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', | |
200 | preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the | |
201 | substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements | |
202 | and/or dedications given therein.@* | |
203 | L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | |
204 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | |
205 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.@* | |
206 | M. Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements.'' Such a section | |
207 | may not be included in the Modified Version.@* | |
208 | N. Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements'' | |
209 | or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.@* | |
210 | @sp 1 | |
211 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | |
212 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
213 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
214 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
215 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
216 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
217 | ||
218 | You may add a section entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains | |
219 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various | |
220 | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | |
221 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | |
222 | standard. | |
223 | ||
224 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
225 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
226 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
227 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
228 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
229 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
230 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
231 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
232 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
233 | ||
234 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
235 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
236 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
237 | @sp 1 | |
238 | @item | |
239 | COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
240 | ||
241 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
242 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
243 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
244 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
245 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
246 | license notice. | |
247 | ||
248 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
249 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
250 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
251 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
252 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
253 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
254 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
255 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
256 | ||
257 | In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled ``History'' | |
258 | in the various original documents, forming one section entitled | |
259 | ``History''; likewise combine any sections entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | |
260 | and any sections entitled ``Dedications.'' You must delete all sections | |
261 | entitled ``Endorsements.'' | |
262 | @sp 1 | |
263 | @item | |
264 | COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
265 | ||
266 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | |
267 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | |
268 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | |
269 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | |
270 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | |
271 | ||
272 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | |
273 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | |
274 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | |
275 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | |
276 | @sp 1 | |
277 | @item | |
278 | AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
279 | ||
280 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
281 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
282 | distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version | |
283 | of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the | |
284 | compilation. Such a compilation is called an ``aggregate'', and this | |
285 | License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled | |
286 | with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they | |
287 | are not themselves derivative works of the Document. | |
288 | ||
289 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
290 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter | |
291 | of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
292 | covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. | |
293 | Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. | |
294 | @sp 1 | |
295 | @item | |
296 | TRANSLATION | |
297 | ||
298 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
299 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
300 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
301 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
302 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
303 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
304 | translation of this License provided that you also include the | |
305 | original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement | |
306 | between the translation and the original English version of this | |
307 | License, the original English version will prevail. | |
308 | @sp 1 | |
309 | @item | |
310 | TERMINATION | |
311 | ||
312 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | |
313 | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | |
314 | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | |
315 | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | |
316 | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | |
317 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
318 | parties remain in full compliance. | |
319 | @sp 1 | |
320 | @item | |
321 | FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
322 | ||
323 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | |
324 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
325 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
326 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
327 | http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. | |
328 | ||
329 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
330 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
331 | License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of | |
332 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
333 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
334 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
335 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
336 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | |
337 | ||
338 | @end enumerate | |
339 | ||
340 | @unnumberedsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents | |
341 | ||
342 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
343 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and | |
344 | license notices just after the title page: | |
345 | ||
346 | @smallexample | |
347 | @group | |
348 | Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. | |
349 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
350 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 | |
351 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; | |
352 | with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the | |
353 | Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being @var{list}. | |
354 | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU | |
355 | Free Documentation License." | |
356 | @end group | |
357 | @end smallexample | |
358 | ||
359 | If you have no Invariant Sections, write ``with no Invariant Sections'' | |
360 | instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no | |
361 | Front-Cover Texts, write ``no Front-Cover Texts'' instead of | |
362 | ``Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}''; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. | |
363 | ||
364 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
365 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | |
366 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | |
367 | to permit their use in free software. |