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36f63dca | 1 | @c -*-texinfo-*- |
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2 | @center Version 1.1, March 2000 |
3 | ||
4 | @display | |
aef6203b | 5 | Copyright (C) 2000, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
75be928b | 6 | 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA |
36f63dca NC |
7 | |
8 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies | |
9 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. | |
10 | @end display | |
11 | @sp 1 | |
12 | @enumerate 0 | |
13 | @item | |
14 | PREAMBLE | |
15 | ||
16 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other | |
17 | written document ``free'' in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone | |
18 | the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without | |
19 | modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, | |
20 | this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get | |
21 | credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for | |
22 | modifications made by others. | |
23 | ||
24 | This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative | |
25 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It | |
26 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft | |
27 | license designed for free software. | |
28 | ||
29 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free | |
30 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free | |
31 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the | |
32 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; | |
33 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or | |
34 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License | |
35 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. | |
36 | ||
37 | @sp 1 | |
38 | @item | |
39 | APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS | |
40 | ||
41 | This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a | |
42 | notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed | |
43 | under the terms of this License. The ``Document'', below, refers to any | |
44 | such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is | |
45 | addressed as ``you.'' | |
46 | ||
47 | A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the | |
48 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with | |
49 | modifications and/or translated into another language. | |
50 | ||
51 | A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section of | |
52 | the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the | |
53 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject | |
54 | (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly | |
55 | within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a | |
56 | textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any | |
57 | mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical | |
58 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, | |
59 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding | |
60 | them. | |
61 | ||
62 | The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles | |
63 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice | |
64 | that says that the Document is released under this License. | |
65 | ||
66 | The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, | |
67 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that | |
68 | the Document is released under this License. | |
69 | ||
70 | A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, | |
71 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the | |
72 | general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and | |
73 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of | |
74 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available | |
75 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or | |
76 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input | |
77 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file | |
78 | format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage | |
79 | subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is | |
80 | not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque.'' | |
81 | ||
82 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain | |
83 | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML | |
84 | or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple | |
85 | HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include | |
86 | PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only | |
87 | by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or | |
88 | processing tools are not generally available, and the | |
89 | machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output | |
90 | purposes only. | |
91 | ||
92 | The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, | |
93 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material | |
94 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in | |
95 | formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means | |
96 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, | |
97 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. | |
98 | @sp 1 | |
99 | @item | |
100 | VERBATIM COPYING | |
101 | ||
102 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either | |
103 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the | |
104 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies | |
105 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other | |
106 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use | |
107 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further | |
108 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept | |
109 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough | |
110 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. | |
111 | ||
112 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and | |
113 | you may publicly display copies. | |
114 | @sp 1 | |
115 | @item | |
116 | COPYING IN QUANTITY | |
117 | ||
118 | If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, | |
119 | and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose | |
120 | the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover | |
121 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on | |
122 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify | |
123 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present | |
124 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and | |
125 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. | |
126 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve | |
127 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated | |
128 | as verbatim copying in other respects. | |
129 | ||
130 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit | |
131 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit | |
132 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent | |
133 | pages. | |
134 | ||
135 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering | |
136 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent | |
137 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy | |
138 | a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete | |
139 | Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the | |
140 | general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no | |
141 | charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter | |
142 | option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin | |
143 | distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this | |
144 | Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location | |
145 | until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque | |
146 | copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to | |
147 | the public. | |
148 | ||
149 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the | |
150 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give | |
151 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. | |
152 | @sp 1 | |
153 | @item | |
154 | MODIFICATIONS | |
155 | ||
156 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under | |
157 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release | |
158 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified | |
159 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution | |
160 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy | |
161 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: | |
162 | ||
163 | A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct | |
164 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions | |
165 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section | |
166 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version | |
167 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission.@* | |
168 | B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities | |
169 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified | |
170 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the | |
171 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).@* | |
172 | C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the | |
173 | Modified Version, as the publisher.@* | |
174 | D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.@* | |
175 | E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications | |
176 | adjacent to the other copyright notices.@* | |
177 | F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice | |
178 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the | |
179 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.@* | |
180 | G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections | |
181 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.@* | |
182 | H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.@* | |
183 | I. Preserve the section entitled ``History'', and its title, and add to | |
184 | it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and | |
185 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If | |
186 | there is no section entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one | |
187 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as | |
188 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified | |
189 | Version as stated in the previous sentence.@* | |
190 | J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for | |
191 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise | |
192 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions | |
193 | it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. | |
194 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at | |
195 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original | |
196 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.@* | |
197 | K. In any section entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', | |
198 | preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the | |
199 | substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements | |
200 | and/or dedications given therein.@* | |
201 | L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, | |
202 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers | |
203 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.@* | |
204 | M. Delete any section entitled ``Endorsements.'' Such a section | |
205 | may not be included in the Modified Version.@* | |
206 | N. Do not retitle any existing section as ``Endorsements'' | |
207 | or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.@* | |
208 | @sp 1 | |
209 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or | |
210 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material | |
211 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all | |
212 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the | |
213 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. | |
214 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. | |
215 | ||
216 | You may add a section entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains | |
217 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various | |
218 | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has | |
219 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a | |
220 | standard. | |
221 | ||
222 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a | |
223 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list | |
224 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of | |
225 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or | |
226 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already | |
227 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or | |
228 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, | |
229 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit | |
230 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. | |
231 | ||
232 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License | |
233 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or | |
234 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. | |
235 | @sp 1 | |
236 | @item | |
237 | COMBINING DOCUMENTS | |
238 | ||
239 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this | |
240 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified | |
241 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the | |
242 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and | |
243 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its | |
244 | license notice. | |
245 | ||
246 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and | |
247 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single | |
248 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but | |
249 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by | |
250 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original | |
251 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. | |
252 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of | |
253 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. | |
254 | ||
255 | In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled ``History'' | |
256 | in the various original documents, forming one section entitled | |
257 | ``History''; likewise combine any sections entitled ``Acknowledgements'', | |
258 | and any sections entitled ``Dedications.'' You must delete all sections | |
259 | entitled ``Endorsements.'' | |
260 | @sp 1 | |
261 | @item | |
262 | COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS | |
263 | ||
264 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents | |
265 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this | |
266 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in | |
267 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for | |
268 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. | |
269 | ||
270 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute | |
271 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this | |
272 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all | |
273 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. | |
274 | @sp 1 | |
275 | @item | |
276 | AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS | |
277 | ||
278 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate | |
279 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or | |
280 | distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version | |
281 | of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the | |
282 | compilation. Such a compilation is called an ``aggregate'', and this | |
283 | License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled | |
284 | with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they | |
285 | are not themselves derivative works of the Document. | |
286 | ||
287 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these | |
288 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter | |
289 | of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on | |
290 | covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate. | |
291 | Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate. | |
292 | @sp 1 | |
293 | @item | |
294 | TRANSLATION | |
295 | ||
296 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may | |
297 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. | |
298 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special | |
299 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include | |
300 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the | |
301 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a | |
302 | translation of this License provided that you also include the | |
303 | original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement | |
304 | between the translation and the original English version of this | |
305 | License, the original English version will prevail. | |
306 | @sp 1 | |
307 | @item | |
308 | TERMINATION | |
309 | ||
310 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except | |
311 | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to | |
312 | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will | |
313 | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, | |
314 | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this | |
315 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such | |
316 | parties remain in full compliance. | |
317 | @sp 1 | |
318 | @item | |
319 | FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE | |
320 | ||
321 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions | |
322 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new | |
323 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may | |
324 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See | |
325 | http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/. | |
326 | ||
327 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. | |
328 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this | |
329 | License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of | |
330 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or | |
331 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the | |
332 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version | |
333 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not | |
334 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. | |
335 | ||
336 | @end enumerate | |
337 | ||
338 | @unnumberedsec ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents | |
339 | ||
340 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of | |
341 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and | |
342 | license notices just after the title page: | |
343 | ||
344 | @smallexample | |
345 | @group | |
346 | Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. | |
347 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document | |
348 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 | |
349 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; | |
350 | with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with the | |
351 | Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts being @var{list}. | |
352 | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU | |
353 | Free Documentation License." | |
354 | @end group | |
355 | @end smallexample | |
356 | ||
357 | If you have no Invariant Sections, write ``with no Invariant Sections'' | |
358 | instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no | |
359 | Front-Cover Texts, write ``no Front-Cover Texts'' instead of | |
360 | ``Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}''; likewise for Back-Cover Texts. | |
361 | ||
362 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we | |
363 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of | |
364 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, | |
365 | to permit their use in free software. |