| 1 | @c Copyright 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011 |
| 2 | @c Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 3 | @c This is part of the GAS manual. |
| 4 | @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. |
| 5 | |
| 6 | @ifset GENERIC |
| 7 | @page |
| 8 | @node AVR-Dependent |
| 9 | @chapter AVR Dependent Features |
| 10 | @end ifset |
| 11 | |
| 12 | @ifclear GENERIC |
| 13 | @node Machine Dependencies |
| 14 | @chapter AVR Dependent Features |
| 15 | @end ifclear |
| 16 | |
| 17 | @cindex AVR support |
| 18 | @menu |
| 19 | * AVR Options:: Options |
| 20 | * AVR Syntax:: Syntax |
| 21 | * AVR Opcodes:: Opcodes |
| 22 | @end menu |
| 23 | |
| 24 | @node AVR Options |
| 25 | @section Options |
| 26 | @cindex AVR options (none) |
| 27 | @cindex options for AVR (none) |
| 28 | |
| 29 | @table @code |
| 30 | |
| 31 | @cindex @code{-mmcu=} command line option, AVR |
| 32 | @item -mmcu=@var{mcu} |
| 33 | Specify ATMEL AVR instruction set or MCU type. |
| 34 | |
| 35 | Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal AVR core, not supported by the C |
| 36 | compiler, only for assembler programs (MCU types: at90s1200, |
| 37 | attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28). |
| 38 | |
| 39 | Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic AVR core with up to |
| 40 | 8K program memory space (MCU types: at90s2313, at90s2323, at90s2333, at90s2343, |
| 41 | attiny22, attiny26, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515, at90c8534, |
| 42 | at90s8535). |
| 43 | |
| 44 | Instruction set avr25 is for the classic AVR core with up to 8K program memory |
| 45 | space plus the MOVW instruction (MCU types: attiny13, attiny13a, attiny2313, |
| 46 | attiny2313a, attiny24, attiny24a, attiny4313, attiny44, attiny44a, attiny84, |
| 47 | attiny84a, attiny25, attiny45, attiny85, attiny261, attiny261a, attiny461, |
| 48 | attiny461a, attiny861, attiny861a, attiny87, attiny43u, attiny48, attiny88, |
| 49 | at86rf401, ata6289). |
| 50 | |
| 51 | Instruction set avr3 is for the classic AVR core with up to 128K program |
| 52 | memory space (MCU types: at43usb355, at76c711). |
| 53 | |
| 54 | Instruction set avr31 is for the classic AVR core with exactly 128K program |
| 55 | memory space (MCU types: atmega103, at43usb320). |
| 56 | |
| 57 | Instruction set avr35 is for classic AVR core plus MOVW, CALL, and JMP |
| 58 | instructions (MCU types: attiny167, at90usb82, at90usb162, atmega8u2, |
| 59 | atmega16u2, atmega32u2). |
| 60 | |
| 61 | Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 8K program |
| 62 | memory space (MCU types: atmega48, atmega48a, atmega48p, atmega8, atmega88, |
| 63 | atmega88a, atmega88p, atmega88pa, atmega8515, atmega8535, atmega8hva, at90pwm1, |
| 64 | at90pwm2, at90pwm2b, at90pwm3, at90pwm3b, at90pwm81). |
| 65 | |
| 66 | Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced AVR core with up to 128K program |
| 67 | memory space (MCU types: atmega16, atmega16a, atmega161, atmega162, atmega163, |
| 68 | atmega164a, atmega164p, atmega165, atmega165a, atmega165p, atmega168, |
| 69 | atmega168a, atmega168p, atmega169, atmega169a, atmega169p, atmega169pa, |
| 70 | atmega32, atmega323, atmega324a, atmega324p, atmega325, atmega325a, atmega325p, |
| 71 | atmega3250, atmega3250a, atmega3250p, atmega328, atmega328p, atmega329, |
| 72 | atmega329a, atmega329p, atmega329pa, atmega3290, atmega3290a, atmega3290p, |
| 73 | atmega406, atmega64, atmega640, atmega644, atmega644a, atmega644p, atmega644pa, |
| 74 | atmega645, atmega645a, atmega645p, atmega6450, atmega6450a, atmega6450p, |
| 75 | atmega649, atmega649a, atmega649p, atmega6490, atmega6490a, atmega6490p, |
| 76 | atmega16hva, atmega16hva2, atmega16hvb, atmega32hvb, atmega64hve, at90can32, |
| 77 | at90can64, at90pwm216, at90pwm316, atmega32c1, atmega64c1, atmega16m1, |
| 78 | atmega32m1, atmega64m1, atmega16u4, atmega32u4, atmega32u6, at90usb646, |
| 79 | at90usb647, at94k, at90scr100). |
| 80 | |
| 81 | Instruction set avr51 is for the enhanced AVR core with exactly 128K program |
| 82 | memory space (MCU types: atmega128, atmega1280, atmega1281, atmega1284p, |
| 83 | atmega128rfa1, at90can128, at90usb1286, at90usb1287, m3000). |
| 84 | |
| 85 | Instruction set avr6 is for the enhanced AVR core with a 3-byte PC (MCU types: |
| 86 | atmega2560, atmega2561). |
| 87 | |
| 88 | Instruction set avrxmega2 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K program |
| 89 | memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega16a4, atxmega16d4, |
| 90 | atxmega16x1, atxmega32a4, atxmega32d4, atxmega32x1). |
| 91 | |
| 92 | Instruction set avrxmega3 is for the XMEGA AVR core with 8K to 64K program |
| 93 | memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: none). |
| 94 | |
| 95 | Instruction set avrxmega4 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K program |
| 96 | memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega64a3, atxmega64d3). |
| 97 | |
| 98 | Instruction set avrxmega5 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 64K program |
| 99 | memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega64a1, |
| 100 | atxmega64a1u). |
| 101 | |
| 102 | Instruction set avrxmega6 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 256K program |
| 103 | memory space and less than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega128a3, |
| 104 | atxmega128d3, atxmega192a3, atxmega128b1, atxmega192d3, atxmega256a3, |
| 105 | atxmega256a3b, atxmega256a3bu, atxmega192d3). |
| 106 | |
| 107 | Instruction set avrxmega7 is for the XMEGA AVR core with up to 256K program |
| 108 | memory space and greater than 64K data space (MCU types: atxmega128a1, |
| 109 | atxmega128a1u). |
| 110 | |
| 111 | @cindex @code{-mall-opcodes} command line option, AVR |
| 112 | @item -mall-opcodes |
| 113 | Accept all AVR opcodes, even if not supported by @code{-mmcu}. |
| 114 | |
| 115 | @cindex @code{-mno-skip-bug} command line option, AVR |
| 116 | @item -mno-skip-bug |
| 117 | This option disable warnings for skipping two-word instructions. |
| 118 | |
| 119 | @cindex @code{-mno-wrap} command line option, AVR |
| 120 | @item -mno-wrap |
| 121 | This option reject @code{rjmp/rcall} instructions with 8K wrap-around. |
| 122 | |
| 123 | @end table |
| 124 | |
| 125 | |
| 126 | @node AVR Syntax |
| 127 | @section Syntax |
| 128 | @menu |
| 129 | * AVR-Chars:: Special Characters |
| 130 | * AVR-Regs:: Register Names |
| 131 | * AVR-Modifiers:: Relocatable Expression Modifiers |
| 132 | @end menu |
| 133 | |
| 134 | @node AVR-Chars |
| 135 | @subsection Special Characters |
| 136 | |
| 137 | @cindex line comment character, AVR |
| 138 | @cindex AVR line comment character |
| 139 | |
| 140 | The presence of a @samp{;} anywhere on a line indicates the start of a |
| 141 | comment that extends to the end of that line. |
| 142 | |
| 143 | If a @samp{#} appears as the first character of a line, the whole line |
| 144 | is treated as a comment, but in this case the line can also be a |
| 145 | logical line number directive (@pxref{Comments}) or a preprocessor |
| 146 | control command (@pxref{Preprocessing}). |
| 147 | |
| 148 | @cindex line separator, AVR |
| 149 | @cindex statement separator, AVR |
| 150 | @cindex AVR line separator |
| 151 | |
| 152 | The @samp{$} character can be used instead of a newline to separate |
| 153 | statements. |
| 154 | |
| 155 | @node AVR-Regs |
| 156 | @subsection Register Names |
| 157 | |
| 158 | @cindex AVR register names |
| 159 | @cindex register names, AVR |
| 160 | |
| 161 | The AVR has 32 x 8-bit general purpose working registers @samp{r0}, |
| 162 | @samp{r1}, ... @samp{r31}. |
| 163 | Six of the 32 registers can be used as three 16-bit indirect address |
| 164 | register pointers for Data Space addressing. One of the these address |
| 165 | pointers can also be used as an address pointer for look up tables in |
| 166 | Flash program memory. These added function registers are the 16-bit |
| 167 | @samp{X}, @samp{Y} and @samp{Z} - registers. |
| 168 | |
| 169 | @smallexample |
| 170 | X = @r{r26:r27} |
| 171 | Y = @r{r28:r29} |
| 172 | Z = @r{r30:r31} |
| 173 | @end smallexample |
| 174 | |
| 175 | @node AVR-Modifiers |
| 176 | @subsection Relocatable Expression Modifiers |
| 177 | |
| 178 | @cindex AVR modifiers |
| 179 | @cindex syntax, AVR |
| 180 | |
| 181 | The assembler supports several modifiers when using relocatable addresses |
| 182 | in AVR instruction operands. The general syntax is the following: |
| 183 | |
| 184 | @smallexample |
| 185 | modifier(relocatable-expression) |
| 186 | @end smallexample |
| 187 | |
| 188 | @table @code |
| 189 | @cindex symbol modifiers |
| 190 | |
| 191 | @item lo8 |
| 192 | |
| 193 | This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of |
| 194 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. |
| 195 | |
| 196 | @item hi8 |
| 197 | |
| 198 | This modifier allows you to use bits 7 through 15 of an address expression |
| 199 | as 8 bit relocatable expression. This is useful with, for example, the |
| 200 | AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8} modifier. |
| 201 | |
| 202 | For example |
| 203 | |
| 204 | @smallexample |
| 205 | ldi r26, lo8(sym+10) |
| 206 | ldi r27, hi8(sym+10) |
| 207 | @end smallexample |
| 208 | |
| 209 | @item hh8 |
| 210 | |
| 211 | This modifier allows you to use bits 16 through 23 of |
| 212 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. |
| 213 | Also, can be useful for loading 32 bit constants. |
| 214 | |
| 215 | @item hlo8 |
| 216 | |
| 217 | Synonym of @samp{hh8}. |
| 218 | |
| 219 | @item hhi8 |
| 220 | |
| 221 | This modifier allows you to use bits 24 through 31 of |
| 222 | an expression as 8 bit expression. This is useful with, for example, the |
| 223 | AVR @samp{ldi} instruction and @samp{lo8}, @samp{hi8}, @samp{hlo8}, |
| 224 | @samp{hhi8}, modifier. |
| 225 | |
| 226 | For example |
| 227 | |
| 228 | @smallexample |
| 229 | ldi r26, lo8(285774925) |
| 230 | ldi r27, hi8(285774925) |
| 231 | ldi r28, hlo8(285774925) |
| 232 | ldi r29, hhi8(285774925) |
| 233 | ; r29,r28,r27,r26 = 285774925 |
| 234 | @end smallexample |
| 235 | |
| 236 | @item pm_lo8 |
| 237 | |
| 238 | This modifier allows you to use bits 0 through 7 of |
| 239 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. |
| 240 | This modifier useful for addressing data or code from |
| 241 | Flash/Program memory. The using of @samp{pm_lo8} similar |
| 242 | to @samp{lo8}. |
| 243 | |
| 244 | @item pm_hi8 |
| 245 | |
| 246 | This modifier allows you to use bits 8 through 15 of |
| 247 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. |
| 248 | This modifier useful for addressing data or code from |
| 249 | Flash/Program memory. |
| 250 | |
| 251 | @item pm_hh8 |
| 252 | |
| 253 | This modifier allows you to use bits 15 through 23 of |
| 254 | an address expression as 8 bit relocatable expression. |
| 255 | This modifier useful for addressing data or code from |
| 256 | Flash/Program memory. |
| 257 | |
| 258 | @end table |
| 259 | |
| 260 | @node AVR Opcodes |
| 261 | @section Opcodes |
| 262 | |
| 263 | @cindex AVR opcode summary |
| 264 | @cindex opcode summary, AVR |
| 265 | @cindex mnemonics, AVR |
| 266 | @cindex instruction summary, AVR |
| 267 | For detailed information on the AVR machine instruction set, see |
| 268 | @url{www.atmel.com/products/AVR}. |
| 269 | |
| 270 | @code{@value{AS}} implements all the standard AVR opcodes. |
| 271 | The following table summarizes the AVR opcodes, and their arguments. |
| 272 | |
| 273 | @smallexample |
| 274 | @i{Legend:} |
| 275 | r @r{any register} |
| 276 | d @r{`ldi' register (r16-r31)} |
| 277 | v @r{`movw' even register (r0, r2, ..., r28, r30)} |
| 278 | a @r{`fmul' register (r16-r23)} |
| 279 | w @r{`adiw' register (r24,r26,r28,r30)} |
| 280 | e @r{pointer registers (X,Y,Z)} |
| 281 | b @r{base pointer register and displacement ([YZ]+disp)} |
| 282 | z @r{Z pointer register (for [e]lpm Rd,Z[+])} |
| 283 | M @r{immediate value from 0 to 255} |
| 284 | n @r{immediate value from 0 to 255 ( n = ~M ). Relocation impossible} |
| 285 | s @r{immediate value from 0 to 7} |
| 286 | P @r{Port address value from 0 to 63. (in, out)} |
| 287 | p @r{Port address value from 0 to 31. (cbi, sbi, sbic, sbis)} |
| 288 | K @r{immediate value from 0 to 63 (used in `adiw', `sbiw')} |
| 289 | i @r{immediate value} |
| 290 | l @r{signed pc relative offset from -64 to 63} |
| 291 | L @r{signed pc relative offset from -2048 to 2047} |
| 292 | h @r{absolute code address (call, jmp)} |
| 293 | S @r{immediate value from 0 to 7 (S = s << 4)} |
| 294 | ? @r{use this opcode entry if no parameters, else use next opcode entry} |
| 295 | |
| 296 | 1001010010001000 clc |
| 297 | 1001010011011000 clh |
| 298 | 1001010011111000 cli |
| 299 | 1001010010101000 cln |
| 300 | 1001010011001000 cls |
| 301 | 1001010011101000 clt |
| 302 | 1001010010111000 clv |
| 303 | 1001010010011000 clz |
| 304 | 1001010000001000 sec |
| 305 | 1001010001011000 seh |
| 306 | 1001010001111000 sei |
| 307 | 1001010000101000 sen |
| 308 | 1001010001001000 ses |
| 309 | 1001010001101000 set |
| 310 | 1001010000111000 sev |
| 311 | 1001010000011000 sez |
| 312 | 100101001SSS1000 bclr S |
| 313 | 100101000SSS1000 bset S |
| 314 | 1001010100001001 icall |
| 315 | 1001010000001001 ijmp |
| 316 | 1001010111001000 lpm ? |
| 317 | 1001000ddddd010+ lpm r,z |
| 318 | 1001010111011000 elpm ? |
| 319 | 1001000ddddd011+ elpm r,z |
| 320 | 0000000000000000 nop |
| 321 | 1001010100001000 ret |
| 322 | 1001010100011000 reti |
| 323 | 1001010110001000 sleep |
| 324 | 1001010110011000 break |
| 325 | 1001010110101000 wdr |
| 326 | 1001010111101000 spm |
| 327 | 000111rdddddrrrr adc r,r |
| 328 | 000011rdddddrrrr add r,r |
| 329 | 001000rdddddrrrr and r,r |
| 330 | 000101rdddddrrrr cp r,r |
| 331 | 000001rdddddrrrr cpc r,r |
| 332 | 000100rdddddrrrr cpse r,r |
| 333 | 001001rdddddrrrr eor r,r |
| 334 | 001011rdddddrrrr mov r,r |
| 335 | 100111rdddddrrrr mul r,r |
| 336 | 001010rdddddrrrr or r,r |
| 337 | 000010rdddddrrrr sbc r,r |
| 338 | 000110rdddddrrrr sub r,r |
| 339 | 001001rdddddrrrr clr r |
| 340 | 000011rdddddrrrr lsl r |
| 341 | 000111rdddddrrrr rol r |
| 342 | 001000rdddddrrrr tst r |
| 343 | 0111KKKKddddKKKK andi d,M |
| 344 | 0111KKKKddddKKKK cbr d,n |
| 345 | 1110KKKKddddKKKK ldi d,M |
| 346 | 11101111dddd1111 ser d |
| 347 | 0110KKKKddddKKKK ori d,M |
| 348 | 0110KKKKddddKKKK sbr d,M |
| 349 | 0011KKKKddddKKKK cpi d,M |
| 350 | 0100KKKKddddKKKK sbci d,M |
| 351 | 0101KKKKddddKKKK subi d,M |
| 352 | 1111110rrrrr0sss sbrc r,s |
| 353 | 1111111rrrrr0sss sbrs r,s |
| 354 | 1111100ddddd0sss bld r,s |
| 355 | 1111101ddddd0sss bst r,s |
| 356 | 10110PPdddddPPPP in r,P |
| 357 | 10111PPrrrrrPPPP out P,r |
| 358 | 10010110KKddKKKK adiw w,K |
| 359 | 10010111KKddKKKK sbiw w,K |
| 360 | 10011000pppppsss cbi p,s |
| 361 | 10011010pppppsss sbi p,s |
| 362 | 10011001pppppsss sbic p,s |
| 363 | 10011011pppppsss sbis p,s |
| 364 | 111101lllllll000 brcc l |
| 365 | 111100lllllll000 brcs l |
| 366 | 111100lllllll001 breq l |
| 367 | 111101lllllll100 brge l |
| 368 | 111101lllllll101 brhc l |
| 369 | 111100lllllll101 brhs l |
| 370 | 111101lllllll111 brid l |
| 371 | 111100lllllll111 brie l |
| 372 | 111100lllllll000 brlo l |
| 373 | 111100lllllll100 brlt l |
| 374 | 111100lllllll010 brmi l |
| 375 | 111101lllllll001 brne l |
| 376 | 111101lllllll010 brpl l |
| 377 | 111101lllllll000 brsh l |
| 378 | 111101lllllll110 brtc l |
| 379 | 111100lllllll110 brts l |
| 380 | 111101lllllll011 brvc l |
| 381 | 111100lllllll011 brvs l |
| 382 | 111101lllllllsss brbc s,l |
| 383 | 111100lllllllsss brbs s,l |
| 384 | 1101LLLLLLLLLLLL rcall L |
| 385 | 1100LLLLLLLLLLLL rjmp L |
| 386 | 1001010hhhhh111h call h |
| 387 | 1001010hhhhh110h jmp h |
| 388 | 1001010rrrrr0101 asr r |
| 389 | 1001010rrrrr0000 com r |
| 390 | 1001010rrrrr1010 dec r |
| 391 | 1001010rrrrr0011 inc r |
| 392 | 1001010rrrrr0110 lsr r |
| 393 | 1001010rrrrr0001 neg r |
| 394 | 1001000rrrrr1111 pop r |
| 395 | 1001001rrrrr1111 push r |
| 396 | 1001010rrrrr0111 ror r |
| 397 | 1001010rrrrr0010 swap r |
| 398 | 00000001ddddrrrr movw v,v |
| 399 | 00000010ddddrrrr muls d,d |
| 400 | 000000110ddd0rrr mulsu a,a |
| 401 | 000000110ddd1rrr fmul a,a |
| 402 | 000000111ddd0rrr fmuls a,a |
| 403 | 000000111ddd1rrr fmulsu a,a |
| 404 | 1001001ddddd0000 sts i,r |
| 405 | 1001000ddddd0000 lds r,i |
| 406 | 10o0oo0dddddbooo ldd r,b |
| 407 | 100!000dddddee-+ ld r,e |
| 408 | 10o0oo1rrrrrbooo std b,r |
| 409 | 100!001rrrrree-+ st e,r |
| 410 | 1001010100011001 eicall |
| 411 | 1001010000011001 eijmp |
| 412 | @end smallexample |