| 1 | @c Copyright (C) 2001-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 2 | @c This is part of the GAS manual. |
| 3 | @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. |
| 4 | @ifset GENERIC |
| 5 | @page |
| 6 | @node PDP-11-Dependent |
| 7 | @chapter PDP-11 Dependent Features |
| 8 | @end ifset |
| 9 | @ifclear GENERIC |
| 10 | @node Machine Dependencies |
| 11 | @chapter PDP-11 Dependent Features |
| 12 | @end ifclear |
| 13 | |
| 14 | @cindex PDP-11 support |
| 15 | |
| 16 | @menu |
| 17 | * PDP-11-Options:: Options |
| 18 | * PDP-11-Pseudos:: Assembler Directives |
| 19 | * PDP-11-Syntax:: DEC Syntax versus BSD Syntax |
| 20 | * PDP-11-Mnemonics:: Instruction Naming |
| 21 | * PDP-11-Synthetic:: Synthetic Instructions |
| 22 | @end menu |
| 23 | |
| 24 | @node PDP-11-Options |
| 25 | @section Options |
| 26 | |
| 27 | @cindex options for PDP-11 |
| 28 | |
| 29 | The PDP-11 version of @code{@value{AS}} has a rich set of machine |
| 30 | dependent options. |
| 31 | |
| 32 | @subsection Code Generation Options |
| 33 | |
| 34 | @table @code |
| 35 | @cindex -mpic |
| 36 | @cindex -mno-pic |
| 37 | @item -mpic | -mno-pic |
| 38 | Generate position-independent (or position-dependent) code. |
| 39 | |
| 40 | The default is to generate position-independent code. |
| 41 | @end table |
| 42 | |
| 43 | @subsection Instruction Set Extension Options |
| 44 | |
| 45 | These options enables or disables the use of extensions over the base |
| 46 | line instruction set as introduced by the first PDP-11 CPU: the KA11. |
| 47 | Most options come in two variants: a @code{-m}@var{extension} that |
| 48 | enables @var{extension}, and a @code{-mno-}@var{extension} that disables |
| 49 | @var{extension}. |
| 50 | |
| 51 | The default is to enable all extensions. |
| 52 | |
| 53 | @table @code |
| 54 | @cindex -mall |
| 55 | @cindex -mall-extensions |
| 56 | @item -mall | -mall-extensions |
| 57 | Enable all instruction set extensions. |
| 58 | |
| 59 | @cindex -mno-extensions |
| 60 | @item -mno-extensions |
| 61 | Disable all instruction set extensions. |
| 62 | |
| 63 | @cindex -mcis |
| 64 | @cindex -mno-cis |
| 65 | @item -mcis | -mno-cis |
| 66 | Enable (or disable) the use of the commercial instruction set, which |
| 67 | consists of these instructions: @code{ADDNI}, @code{ADDN}, @code{ADDPI}, |
| 68 | @code{ADDP}, @code{ASHNI}, @code{ASHN}, @code{ASHPI}, @code{ASHP}, |
| 69 | @code{CMPCI}, @code{CMPC}, @code{CMPNI}, @code{CMPN}, @code{CMPPI}, |
| 70 | @code{CMPP}, @code{CVTLNI}, @code{CVTLN}, @code{CVTLPI}, @code{CVTLP}, |
| 71 | @code{CVTNLI}, @code{CVTNL}, @code{CVTNPI}, @code{CVTNP}, @code{CVTPLI}, |
| 72 | @code{CVTPL}, @code{CVTPNI}, @code{CVTPN}, @code{DIVPI}, @code{DIVP}, |
| 73 | @code{L2DR}, @code{L3DR}, @code{LOCCI}, @code{LOCC}, @code{MATCI}, |
| 74 | @code{MATC}, @code{MOVCI}, @code{MOVC}, @code{MOVRCI}, @code{MOVRC}, |
| 75 | @code{MOVTCI}, @code{MOVTC}, @code{MULPI}, @code{MULP}, @code{SCANCI}, |
| 76 | @code{SCANC}, @code{SKPCI}, @code{SKPC}, @code{SPANCI}, @code{SPANC}, |
| 77 | @code{SUBNI}, @code{SUBN}, @code{SUBPI}, and @code{SUBP}. |
| 78 | |
| 79 | @cindex -mcsm |
| 80 | @cindex -mno-csm |
| 81 | @item -mcsm | -mno-csm |
| 82 | Enable (or disable) the use of the @code{CSM} instruction. |
| 83 | |
| 84 | @cindex -meis |
| 85 | @cindex -mno-eis |
| 86 | @item -meis | -mno-eis |
| 87 | Enable (or disable) the use of the extended instruction set, which |
| 88 | consists of these instructions: @code{ASHC}, @code{ASH}, @code{DIV}, |
| 89 | @code{MARK}, @code{MUL}, @code{RTT}, @code{SOB} @code{SXT}, and |
| 90 | @code{XOR}. |
| 91 | |
| 92 | @cindex -mfis |
| 93 | @cindex -mno-fis |
| 94 | @cindex -mkev11 |
| 95 | @cindex -mkev11 |
| 96 | @cindex -mno-kev11 |
| 97 | @item -mfis | -mkev11 |
| 98 | @itemx -mno-fis | -mno-kev11 |
| 99 | Enable (or disable) the use of the KEV11 floating-point instructions: |
| 100 | @code{FADD}, @code{FDIV}, @code{FMUL}, and @code{FSUB}. |
| 101 | |
| 102 | @cindex -mfpp |
| 103 | @cindex -mno-fpp |
| 104 | @cindex -mfpu |
| 105 | @cindex -mno-fpu |
| 106 | @cindex -mfp-11 |
| 107 | @cindex -mno-fp-11 |
| 108 | @item -mfpp | -mfpu | -mfp-11 |
| 109 | @itemx -mno-fpp | -mno-fpu | -mno-fp-11 |
| 110 | Enable (or disable) the use of FP-11 floating-point instructions: |
| 111 | @code{ABSF}, @code{ADDF}, @code{CFCC}, @code{CLRF}, @code{CMPF}, |
| 112 | @code{DIVF}, @code{LDCFF}, @code{LDCIF}, @code{LDEXP}, @code{LDF}, |
| 113 | @code{LDFPS}, @code{MODF}, @code{MULF}, @code{NEGF}, @code{SETD}, |
| 114 | @code{SETF}, @code{SETI}, @code{SETL}, @code{STCFF}, @code{STCFI}, |
| 115 | @code{STEXP}, @code{STF}, @code{STFPS}, @code{STST}, @code{SUBF}, and |
| 116 | @code{TSTF}. |
| 117 | |
| 118 | @cindex -mlimited-eis |
| 119 | @cindex -mno-limited-eis |
| 120 | @item -mlimited-eis | -mno-limited-eis |
| 121 | Enable (or disable) the use of the limited extended instruction set: |
| 122 | @code{MARK}, @code{RTT}, @code{SOB}, @code{SXT}, and @code{XOR}. |
| 123 | |
| 124 | The -mno-limited-eis options also implies -mno-eis. |
| 125 | |
| 126 | @cindex -mmfpt |
| 127 | @cindex -mno-mfpt |
| 128 | @item -mmfpt | -mno-mfpt |
| 129 | Enable (or disable) the use of the @code{MFPT} instruction. |
| 130 | |
| 131 | @cindex -mmutiproc |
| 132 | @cindex -mno-mutiproc |
| 133 | @item -mmultiproc | -mno-multiproc |
| 134 | Enable (or disable) the use of multiprocessor instructions: @code{TSTSET} and |
| 135 | @code{WRTLCK}. |
| 136 | |
| 137 | @cindex -mmxps |
| 138 | @cindex -mno-mxps |
| 139 | @item -mmxps | -mno-mxps |
| 140 | Enable (or disable) the use of the @code{MFPS} and @code{MTPS} instructions. |
| 141 | |
| 142 | @cindex -mspl |
| 143 | @cindex -mno-spl |
| 144 | @item -mspl | -mno-spl |
| 145 | Enable (or disable) the use of the @code{SPL} instruction. |
| 146 | |
| 147 | @cindex -mmicrocode |
| 148 | @cindex -mno-microcode |
| 149 | Enable (or disable) the use of the microcode instructions: @code{LDUB}, |
| 150 | @code{MED}, and @code{XFC}. |
| 151 | @end table |
| 152 | |
| 153 | @subsection CPU Model Options |
| 154 | |
| 155 | These options enable the instruction set extensions supported by a |
| 156 | particular CPU, and disables all other extensions. |
| 157 | |
| 158 | @table @code |
| 159 | @cindex -mka11 |
| 160 | @item -mka11 |
| 161 | KA11 CPU. Base line instruction set only. |
| 162 | |
| 163 | @cindex -mkb11 |
| 164 | @item -mkb11 |
| 165 | KB11 CPU. Enable extended instruction set and @code{SPL}. |
| 166 | |
| 167 | @cindex -mkd11a |
| 168 | @item -mkd11a |
| 169 | KD11-A CPU. Enable limited extended instruction set. |
| 170 | |
| 171 | @cindex -mkd11b |
| 172 | @item -mkd11b |
| 173 | KD11-B CPU. Base line instruction set only. |
| 174 | |
| 175 | @cindex -mkd11d |
| 176 | @item -mkd11d |
| 177 | KD11-D CPU. Base line instruction set only. |
| 178 | |
| 179 | @cindex -mkd11e |
| 180 | @item -mkd11e |
| 181 | KD11-E CPU. Enable extended instruction set, @code{MFPS}, and @code{MTPS}. |
| 182 | |
| 183 | @cindex -mkd11f |
| 184 | @cindex -mkd11h |
| 185 | @cindex -mkd11q |
| 186 | @item -mkd11f | -mkd11h | -mkd11q |
| 187 | KD11-F, KD11-H, or KD11-Q CPU. Enable limited extended instruction set, |
| 188 | @code{MFPS}, and @code{MTPS}. |
| 189 | |
| 190 | @cindex -mkd11k |
| 191 | @item -mkd11k |
| 192 | KD11-K CPU. Enable extended instruction set, @code{LDUB}, @code{MED}, |
| 193 | @code{MFPS}, @code{MFPT}, @code{MTPS}, and @code{XFC}. |
| 194 | |
| 195 | @cindex -mkd11z |
| 196 | @item -mkd11z |
| 197 | KD11-Z CPU. Enable extended instruction set, @code{CSM}, @code{MFPS}, |
| 198 | @code{MFPT}, @code{MTPS}, and @code{SPL}. |
| 199 | |
| 200 | @cindex -mf11 |
| 201 | @item -mf11 |
| 202 | F11 CPU. Enable extended instruction set, @code{MFPS}, @code{MFPT}, and |
| 203 | @code{MTPS}. |
| 204 | |
| 205 | @cindex -mj11 |
| 206 | @item -mj11 |
| 207 | J11 CPU. Enable extended instruction set, @code{CSM}, @code{MFPS}, |
| 208 | @code{MFPT}, @code{MTPS}, @code{SPL}, @code{TSTSET}, and @code{WRTLCK}. |
| 209 | |
| 210 | @cindex -mt11 |
| 211 | @item -mt11 |
| 212 | T11 CPU. Enable limited extended instruction set, @code{MFPS}, and |
| 213 | @code{MTPS}. |
| 214 | @end table |
| 215 | |
| 216 | @subsection Machine Model Options |
| 217 | |
| 218 | These options enable the instruction set extensions supported by a |
| 219 | particular machine model, and disables all other extensions. |
| 220 | |
| 221 | @table @code |
| 222 | @cindex -m11/03 |
| 223 | @item -m11/03 |
| 224 | Same as @code{-mkd11f}. |
| 225 | |
| 226 | @cindex -m11/04 |
| 227 | @item -m11/04 |
| 228 | Same as @code{-mkd11d}. |
| 229 | |
| 230 | @cindex -m11/05 |
| 231 | @cindex -m11/10 |
| 232 | @item -m11/05 | -m11/10 |
| 233 | Same as @code{-mkd11b}. |
| 234 | |
| 235 | @cindex -m11/15 |
| 236 | @cindex -m11/20 |
| 237 | @item -m11/15 | -m11/20 |
| 238 | Same as @code{-mka11}. |
| 239 | |
| 240 | @cindex -m11/21 |
| 241 | @item -m11/21 |
| 242 | Same as @code{-mt11}. |
| 243 | |
| 244 | @cindex -m11/23 |
| 245 | @cindex -m11/24 |
| 246 | @item -m11/23 | -m11/24 |
| 247 | Same as @code{-mf11}. |
| 248 | |
| 249 | @cindex -m11/34 |
| 250 | @item -m11/34 |
| 251 | Same as @code{-mkd11e}. |
| 252 | |
| 253 | @cindex -m11/34a |
| 254 | @item -m11/34a |
| 255 | Ame as @code{-mkd11e} @code{-mfpp}. |
| 256 | |
| 257 | @cindex -m11/35 |
| 258 | @cindex -m11/40 |
| 259 | @item -m11/35 | -m11/40 |
| 260 | Same as @code{-mkd11a}. |
| 261 | |
| 262 | @cindex -m11/44 |
| 263 | @item -m11/44 |
| 264 | Same as @code{-mkd11z}. |
| 265 | |
| 266 | @cindex -m11/45 |
| 267 | @cindex -m11/50 |
| 268 | @cindex -m11/55 |
| 269 | @cindex -m11/70 |
| 270 | @item -m11/45 | -m11/50 | -m11/55 | -m11/70 |
| 271 | Same as @code{-mkb11}. |
| 272 | |
| 273 | @cindex -m11/53 |
| 274 | @cindex -m11/73 |
| 275 | @cindex -m11/83 |
| 276 | @cindex -m11/84 |
| 277 | @cindex -m11/93 |
| 278 | @cindex -m11/94 |
| 279 | @item -m11/53 | -m11/73 | -m11/83 | -m11/84 | -m11/93 | -m11/94 |
| 280 | Same as @code{-mj11}. |
| 281 | |
| 282 | @cindex -m11/60 |
| 283 | @item -m11/60 |
| 284 | Same as @code{-mkd11k}. |
| 285 | @end table |
| 286 | |
| 287 | @node PDP-11-Pseudos |
| 288 | @section Assembler Directives |
| 289 | |
| 290 | The PDP-11 version of @code{@value{AS}} has a few machine |
| 291 | dependent assembler directives. |
| 292 | |
| 293 | @table @code |
| 294 | @item .bss |
| 295 | Switch to the @code{bss} section. |
| 296 | |
| 297 | @item .even |
| 298 | Align the location counter to an even number. |
| 299 | @end table |
| 300 | |
| 301 | @node PDP-11-Syntax |
| 302 | @section PDP-11 Assembly Language Syntax |
| 303 | |
| 304 | @cindex PDP-11 syntax |
| 305 | |
| 306 | @cindex DEC syntax |
| 307 | @cindex BSD syntax |
| 308 | @code{@value{AS}} supports both DEC syntax and BSD syntax. The only |
| 309 | difference is that in DEC syntax, a @code{#} character is used to denote |
| 310 | an immediate constants, while in BSD syntax the character for this |
| 311 | purpose is @code{$}. |
| 312 | |
| 313 | @cindex PDP-11 general-purpose register syntax |
| 314 | general-purpose registers are named @code{r0} through @code{r7}. |
| 315 | Mnemonic alternatives for @code{r6} and @code{r7} are @code{sp} and |
| 316 | @code{pc}, respectively. |
| 317 | |
| 318 | @cindex PDP-11 floating-point register syntax |
| 319 | Floating-point registers are named @code{ac0} through @code{ac3}, or |
| 320 | alternatively @code{fr0} through @code{fr3}. |
| 321 | |
| 322 | @cindex PDP-11 comments |
| 323 | Comments are started with a @code{#} or a @code{/} character, and extend |
| 324 | to the end of the line. (FIXME: clash with immediates?) |
| 325 | |
| 326 | @cindex PDP-11 line separator |
| 327 | Multiple statements on the same line can be separated by the @samp{;} character. |
| 328 | |
| 329 | @node PDP-11-Mnemonics |
| 330 | @section Instruction Naming |
| 331 | |
| 332 | @cindex PDP-11 instruction naming |
| 333 | |
| 334 | Some instructions have alternative names. |
| 335 | |
| 336 | @table @code |
| 337 | @item BCC |
| 338 | @code{BHIS} |
| 339 | |
| 340 | @item BCS |
| 341 | @code{BLO} |
| 342 | |
| 343 | @item L2DR |
| 344 | @code{L2D} |
| 345 | |
| 346 | @item L3DR |
| 347 | @code{L3D} |
| 348 | |
| 349 | @item SYS |
| 350 | @code{TRAP} |
| 351 | @end table |
| 352 | |
| 353 | @node PDP-11-Synthetic |
| 354 | @section Synthetic Instructions |
| 355 | |
| 356 | The @code{JBR} and @code{J}@var{CC} synthetic instructions are not |
| 357 | supported yet. |