| 1 | @c Copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 2 | @c This is part of the GAS manual. |
| 3 | @c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo. |
| 4 | @ifset GENERIC |
| 5 | @page |
| 6 | @node Z8000-Dependent |
| 7 | @chapter Z8000 Dependent Features |
| 8 | @end ifset |
| 9 | @ifclear GENERIC |
| 10 | @node Machine Dependencies |
| 11 | @chapter Z8000 Dependent Features |
| 12 | @end ifclear |
| 13 | |
| 14 | @cindex Z8000 support |
| 15 | The Z8000 @value{AS} supports both members of the Z8000 family: the |
| 16 | unsegmented Z8002, with 16 bit addresses, and the segmented Z8001 with |
| 17 | 24 bit addresses. |
| 18 | |
| 19 | When the assembler is in unsegmented mode (specified with the |
| 20 | @code{unsegm} directive), an address takes up one word (16 bit) |
| 21 | sized register. When the assembler is in segmented mode (specified with |
| 22 | the @code{segm} directive), a 24-bit address takes up a long (32 bit) |
| 23 | register. @xref{Z8000 Directives,,Assembler Directives for the Z8000}, |
| 24 | for a list of other Z8000 specific assembler directives. |
| 25 | |
| 26 | @menu |
| 27 | * Z8000 Options:: Command-line options for the Z8000 |
| 28 | * Z8000 Syntax:: Assembler syntax for the Z8000 |
| 29 | * Z8000 Directives:: Special directives for the Z8000 |
| 30 | * Z8000 Opcodes:: Opcodes |
| 31 | @end menu |
| 32 | |
| 33 | @node Z8000 Options |
| 34 | @section Options |
| 35 | |
| 36 | @cindex Z8000 options |
| 37 | @cindex options, Z8000 |
| 38 | @table @option |
| 39 | @cindex @code{-z8001} command line option, Z8000 |
| 40 | @item -z8001 |
| 41 | Generate segmented code by default. |
| 42 | |
| 43 | @cindex @code{-z8002} command line option, Z8000 |
| 44 | @item -z8002 |
| 45 | Generate unsegmented code by default. |
| 46 | @end table |
| 47 | |
| 48 | @node Z8000 Syntax |
| 49 | @section Syntax |
| 50 | @menu |
| 51 | * Z8000-Chars:: Special Characters |
| 52 | * Z8000-Regs:: Register Names |
| 53 | * Z8000-Addressing:: Addressing Modes |
| 54 | @end menu |
| 55 | |
| 56 | @node Z8000-Chars |
| 57 | @subsection Special Characters |
| 58 | |
| 59 | @cindex line comment character, Z8000 |
| 60 | @cindex Z8000 line comment character |
| 61 | @samp{!} is the line comment character. |
| 62 | |
| 63 | @cindex line separator, Z8000 |
| 64 | @cindex statement separator, Z8000 |
| 65 | @cindex Z8000 line separator |
| 66 | You can use @samp{;} instead of a newline to separate statements. |
| 67 | |
| 68 | @node Z8000-Regs |
| 69 | @subsection Register Names |
| 70 | |
| 71 | @cindex Z8000 registers |
| 72 | @cindex registers, Z8000 |
| 73 | The Z8000 has sixteen 16 bit registers, numbered 0 to 15. You can refer |
| 74 | to different sized groups of registers by register number, with the |
| 75 | prefix @samp{r} for 16 bit registers, @samp{rr} for 32 bit registers and |
| 76 | @samp{rq} for 64 bit registers. You can also refer to the contents of |
| 77 | the first eight (of the sixteen 16 bit registers) by bytes. They are |
| 78 | named @samp{rl@var{n}} and @samp{rh@var{n}}. |
| 79 | |
| 80 | @smallexample |
| 81 | @exdent @emph{byte registers} |
| 82 | rl0 rh0 rl1 rh1 rl2 rh2 rl3 rh3 |
| 83 | rl4 rh4 rl5 rh5 rl6 rh6 rl7 rh7 |
| 84 | |
| 85 | @exdent @emph{word registers} |
| 86 | r0 r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r8 r9 r10 r11 r12 r13 r14 r15 |
| 87 | |
| 88 | @exdent @emph{long word registers} |
| 89 | rr0 rr2 rr4 rr6 rr8 rr10 rr12 rr14 |
| 90 | |
| 91 | @exdent @emph{quad word registers} |
| 92 | rq0 rq4 rq8 rq12 |
| 93 | @end smallexample |
| 94 | |
| 95 | @node Z8000-Addressing |
| 96 | @subsection Addressing Modes |
| 97 | |
| 98 | @cindex addressing modes, Z8000 |
| 99 | @cindex Z800 addressing modes |
| 100 | @value{AS} understands the following addressing modes for the Z8000: |
| 101 | |
| 102 | @table @code |
| 103 | @item rl@var{n} |
| 104 | @itemx rh@var{n} |
| 105 | @itemx r@var{n} |
| 106 | @itemx rr@var{n} |
| 107 | @itemx rq@var{n} |
| 108 | Register direct: 8bit, 16bit, 32bit, and 64bit registers. |
| 109 | |
| 110 | @item @@r@var{n} |
| 111 | @itemx @@rr@var{n} |
| 112 | Indirect register: @@rr@var{n} in segmented mode, @@r@var{n} in unsegmented |
| 113 | mode. |
| 114 | |
| 115 | @item @var{addr} |
| 116 | Direct: the 16 bit or 24 bit address (depending on whether the assembler |
| 117 | is in segmented or unsegmented mode) of the operand is in the instruction. |
| 118 | |
| 119 | @item address(r@var{n}) |
| 120 | Indexed: the 16 or 24 bit address is added to the 16 bit register to produce |
| 121 | the final address in memory of the operand. |
| 122 | |
| 123 | @item r@var{n}(#@var{imm}) |
| 124 | @itemx rr@var{n}(#@var{imm}) |
| 125 | Base Address: the 16 or 24 bit register is added to the 16 bit sign |
| 126 | extended immediate displacement to produce the final address in memory |
| 127 | of the operand. |
| 128 | |
| 129 | @item r@var{n}(r@var{m}) |
| 130 | @itemx rr@var{n}(r@var{m}) |
| 131 | Base Index: the 16 or 24 bit register r@var{n} or rr@var{n} is added to |
| 132 | the sign extended 16 bit index register r@var{m} to produce the final |
| 133 | address in memory of the operand. |
| 134 | |
| 135 | @item #@var{xx} |
| 136 | Immediate data @var{xx}. |
| 137 | @end table |
| 138 | |
| 139 | @node Z8000 Directives |
| 140 | @section Assembler Directives for the Z8000 |
| 141 | |
| 142 | @cindex Z8000 directives |
| 143 | @cindex directives, Z8000 |
| 144 | The Z8000 port of @value{AS} includes additional assembler directives, |
| 145 | for compatibility with other Z8000 assemblers. These do not begin with |
| 146 | @samp{.} (unlike the ordinary @value{AS} directives). |
| 147 | |
| 148 | @table @code |
| 149 | @kindex segm |
| 150 | @item segm |
| 151 | @kindex .z8001 |
| 152 | @itemx .z8001 |
| 153 | Generate code for the segmented Z8001. |
| 154 | |
| 155 | @kindex unsegm |
| 156 | @item unsegm |
| 157 | @kindex .z8002 |
| 158 | @itemx .z8002 |
| 159 | Generate code for the unsegmented Z8002. |
| 160 | |
| 161 | @kindex name |
| 162 | @item name |
| 163 | Synonym for @code{.file} |
| 164 | |
| 165 | @kindex global |
| 166 | @item global |
| 167 | Synonym for @code{.global} |
| 168 | |
| 169 | @kindex wval |
| 170 | @item wval |
| 171 | Synonym for @code{.word} |
| 172 | |
| 173 | @kindex lval |
| 174 | @item lval |
| 175 | Synonym for @code{.long} |
| 176 | |
| 177 | @kindex bval |
| 178 | @item bval |
| 179 | Synonym for @code{.byte} |
| 180 | |
| 181 | @kindex sval |
| 182 | @item sval |
| 183 | Assemble a string. @code{sval} expects one string literal, delimited by |
| 184 | single quotes. It assembles each byte of the string into consecutive |
| 185 | addresses. You can use the escape sequence @samp{%@var{xx}} (where |
| 186 | @var{xx} represents a two-digit hexadecimal number) to represent the |
| 187 | character whose @sc{ascii} value is @var{xx}. Use this feature to |
| 188 | describe single quote and other characters that may not appear in string |
| 189 | literals as themselves. For example, the C statement @w{@samp{char *a = |
| 190 | "he said \"it's 50% off\"";}} is represented in Z8000 assembly language |
| 191 | (shown with the assembler output in hex at the left) as |
| 192 | |
| 193 | @iftex |
| 194 | @begingroup |
| 195 | @let@nonarrowing=@comment |
| 196 | @end iftex |
| 197 | @smallexample |
| 198 | 68652073 sval 'he said %22it%27s 50%25 off%22%00' |
| 199 | 61696420 |
| 200 | 22697427 |
| 201 | 73203530 |
| 202 | 25206F66 |
| 203 | 662200 |
| 204 | @end smallexample |
| 205 | @iftex |
| 206 | @endgroup |
| 207 | @end iftex |
| 208 | |
| 209 | @kindex rsect |
| 210 | @item rsect |
| 211 | synonym for @code{.section} |
| 212 | |
| 213 | @kindex block |
| 214 | @item block |
| 215 | synonym for @code{.space} |
| 216 | |
| 217 | @kindex even |
| 218 | @item even |
| 219 | special case of @code{.align}; aligns output to even byte boundary. |
| 220 | @end table |
| 221 | |
| 222 | @node Z8000 Opcodes |
| 223 | @section Opcodes |
| 224 | |
| 225 | @cindex Z8000 opcode summary |
| 226 | @cindex opcode summary, Z8000 |
| 227 | @cindex mnemonics, Z8000 |
| 228 | @cindex instruction summary, Z8000 |
| 229 | For detailed information on the Z8000 machine instruction set, see |
| 230 | @cite{Z8000 Technical Manual}. |
| 231 | |
| 232 | @ifset SMALL |
| 233 | @c this table, due to the multi-col faking and hardcoded order, looks silly |
| 234 | @c except in smallbook. See comments below "@set SMALL" near top of this file. |
| 235 | |
| 236 | The following table summarizes the opcodes and their arguments: |
| 237 | @iftex |
| 238 | @begingroup |
| 239 | @let@nonarrowing=@comment |
| 240 | @end iftex |
| 241 | @smallexample |
| 242 | |
| 243 | rs @r{16 bit source register} |
| 244 | rd @r{16 bit destination register} |
| 245 | rbs @r{8 bit source register} |
| 246 | rbd @r{8 bit destination register} |
| 247 | rrs @r{32 bit source register} |
| 248 | rrd @r{32 bit destination register} |
| 249 | rqs @r{64 bit source register} |
| 250 | rqd @r{64 bit destination register} |
| 251 | addr @r{16/24 bit address} |
| 252 | imm @r{immediate data} |
| 253 | |
| 254 | adc rd,rs clrb addr cpsir @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc |
| 255 | adcb rbd,rbs clrb addr(rd) cpsirb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc |
| 256 | add rd,@@rs clrb rbd dab rbd |
| 257 | add rd,addr com @@rd dbjnz rbd,disp7 |
| 258 | add rd,addr(rs) com addr dec @@rd,imm4m1 |
| 259 | add rd,imm16 com addr(rd) dec addr(rd),imm4m1 |
| 260 | add rd,rs com rd dec addr,imm4m1 |
| 261 | addb rbd,@@rs comb @@rd dec rd,imm4m1 |
| 262 | addb rbd,addr comb addr decb @@rd,imm4m1 |
| 263 | addb rbd,addr(rs) comb addr(rd) decb addr(rd),imm4m1 |
| 264 | addb rbd,imm8 comb rbd decb addr,imm4m1 |
| 265 | addb rbd,rbs comflg flags decb rbd,imm4m1 |
| 266 | addl rrd,@@rs cp @@rd,imm16 di i2 |
| 267 | addl rrd,addr cp addr(rd),imm16 div rrd,@@rs |
| 268 | addl rrd,addr(rs) cp addr,imm16 div rrd,addr |
| 269 | addl rrd,imm32 cp rd,@@rs div rrd,addr(rs) |
| 270 | addl rrd,rrs cp rd,addr div rrd,imm16 |
| 271 | and rd,@@rs cp rd,addr(rs) div rrd,rs |
| 272 | and rd,addr cp rd,imm16 divl rqd,@@rs |
| 273 | and rd,addr(rs) cp rd,rs divl rqd,addr |
| 274 | and rd,imm16 cpb @@rd,imm8 divl rqd,addr(rs) |
| 275 | and rd,rs cpb addr(rd),imm8 divl rqd,imm32 |
| 276 | andb rbd,@@rs cpb addr,imm8 divl rqd,rrs |
| 277 | andb rbd,addr cpb rbd,@@rs djnz rd,disp7 |
| 278 | andb rbd,addr(rs) cpb rbd,addr ei i2 |
| 279 | andb rbd,imm8 cpb rbd,addr(rs) ex rd,@@rs |
| 280 | andb rbd,rbs cpb rbd,imm8 ex rd,addr |
| 281 | bit @@rd,imm4 cpb rbd,rbs ex rd,addr(rs) |
| 282 | bit addr(rd),imm4 cpd rd,@@rs,rr,cc ex rd,rs |
| 283 | bit addr,imm4 cpdb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc exb rbd,@@rs |
| 284 | bit rd,imm4 cpdr rd,@@rs,rr,cc exb rbd,addr |
| 285 | bit rd,rs cpdrb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc exb rbd,addr(rs) |
| 286 | bitb @@rd,imm4 cpi rd,@@rs,rr,cc exb rbd,rbs |
| 287 | bitb addr(rd),imm4 cpib rbd,@@rs,rr,cc ext0e imm8 |
| 288 | bitb addr,imm4 cpir rd,@@rs,rr,cc ext0f imm8 |
| 289 | bitb rbd,imm4 cpirb rbd,@@rs,rr,cc ext8e imm8 |
| 290 | bitb rbd,rs cpl rrd,@@rs ext8f imm8 |
| 291 | bpt cpl rrd,addr exts rrd |
| 292 | call @@rd cpl rrd,addr(rs) extsb rd |
| 293 | call addr cpl rrd,imm32 extsl rqd |
| 294 | call addr(rd) cpl rrd,rrs halt |
| 295 | calr disp12 cpsd @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc in rd,@@rs |
| 296 | clr @@rd cpsdb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc in rd,imm16 |
| 297 | clr addr cpsdr @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc inb rbd,@@rs |
| 298 | clr addr(rd) cpsdrb @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc inb rbd,imm16 |
| 299 | clr rd cpsi @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc inc @@rd,imm4m1 |
| 300 | clrb @@rd cpsib @@rd,@@rs,rr,cc inc addr(rd),imm4m1 |
| 301 | inc addr,imm4m1 ldb rbd,rs(rx) mult rrd,addr(rs) |
| 302 | inc rd,imm4m1 ldb rd(imm16),rbs mult rrd,imm16 |
| 303 | incb @@rd,imm4m1 ldb rd(rx),rbs mult rrd,rs |
| 304 | incb addr(rd),imm4m1 ldctl ctrl,rs multl rqd,@@rs |
| 305 | incb addr,imm4m1 ldctl rd,ctrl multl rqd,addr |
| 306 | incb rbd,imm4m1 ldd @@rs,@@rd,rr multl rqd,addr(rs) |
| 307 | ind @@rd,@@rs,ra lddb @@rs,@@rd,rr multl rqd,imm32 |
| 308 | indb @@rd,@@rs,rba lddr @@rs,@@rd,rr multl rqd,rrs |
| 309 | inib @@rd,@@rs,ra lddrb @@rs,@@rd,rr neg @@rd |
| 310 | inibr @@rd,@@rs,ra ldi @@rd,@@rs,rr neg addr |
| 311 | iret ldib @@rd,@@rs,rr neg addr(rd) |
| 312 | jp cc,@@rd ldir @@rd,@@rs,rr neg rd |
| 313 | jp cc,addr ldirb @@rd,@@rs,rr negb @@rd |
| 314 | jp cc,addr(rd) ldk rd,imm4 negb addr |
| 315 | jr cc,disp8 ldl @@rd,rrs negb addr(rd) |
| 316 | ld @@rd,imm16 ldl addr(rd),rrs negb rbd |
| 317 | ld @@rd,rs ldl addr,rrs nop |
| 318 | ld addr(rd),imm16 ldl rd(imm16),rrs or rd,@@rs |
| 319 | ld addr(rd),rs ldl rd(rx),rrs or rd,addr |
| 320 | ld addr,imm16 ldl rrd,@@rs or rd,addr(rs) |
| 321 | ld addr,rs ldl rrd,addr or rd,imm16 |
| 322 | ld rd(imm16),rs ldl rrd,addr(rs) or rd,rs |
| 323 | ld rd(rx),rs ldl rrd,imm32 orb rbd,@@rs |
| 324 | ld rd,@@rs ldl rrd,rrs orb rbd,addr |
| 325 | ld rd,addr ldl rrd,rs(imm16) orb rbd,addr(rs) |
| 326 | ld rd,addr(rs) ldl rrd,rs(rx) orb rbd,imm8 |
| 327 | ld rd,imm16 ldm @@rd,rs,n orb rbd,rbs |
| 328 | ld rd,rs ldm addr(rd),rs,n out @@rd,rs |
| 329 | ld rd,rs(imm16) ldm addr,rs,n out imm16,rs |
| 330 | ld rd,rs(rx) ldm rd,@@rs,n outb @@rd,rbs |
| 331 | lda rd,addr ldm rd,addr(rs),n outb imm16,rbs |
| 332 | lda rd,addr(rs) ldm rd,addr,n outd @@rd,@@rs,ra |
| 333 | lda rd,rs(imm16) ldps @@rs outdb @@rd,@@rs,rba |
| 334 | lda rd,rs(rx) ldps addr outib @@rd,@@rs,ra |
| 335 | ldar rd,disp16 ldps addr(rs) outibr @@rd,@@rs,ra |
| 336 | ldb @@rd,imm8 ldr disp16,rs pop @@rd,@@rs |
| 337 | ldb @@rd,rbs ldr rd,disp16 pop addr(rd),@@rs |
| 338 | ldb addr(rd),imm8 ldrb disp16,rbs pop addr,@@rs |
| 339 | ldb addr(rd),rbs ldrb rbd,disp16 pop rd,@@rs |
| 340 | ldb addr,imm8 ldrl disp16,rrs popl @@rd,@@rs |
| 341 | ldb addr,rbs ldrl rrd,disp16 popl addr(rd),@@rs |
| 342 | ldb rbd,@@rs mbit popl addr,@@rs |
| 343 | ldb rbd,addr mreq rd popl rrd,@@rs |
| 344 | ldb rbd,addr(rs) mres push @@rd,@@rs |
| 345 | ldb rbd,imm8 mset push @@rd,addr |
| 346 | ldb rbd,rbs mult rrd,@@rs push @@rd,addr(rs) |
| 347 | ldb rbd,rs(imm16) mult rrd,addr push @@rd,imm16 |
| 348 | push @@rd,rs set addr,imm4 subl rrd,imm32 |
| 349 | pushl @@rd,@@rs set rd,imm4 subl rrd,rrs |
| 350 | pushl @@rd,addr set rd,rs tcc cc,rd |
| 351 | pushl @@rd,addr(rs) setb @@rd,imm4 tccb cc,rbd |
| 352 | pushl @@rd,rrs setb addr(rd),imm4 test @@rd |
| 353 | res @@rd,imm4 setb addr,imm4 test addr |
| 354 | res addr(rd),imm4 setb rbd,imm4 test addr(rd) |
| 355 | res addr,imm4 setb rbd,rs test rd |
| 356 | res rd,imm4 setflg imm4 testb @@rd |
| 357 | res rd,rs sinb rbd,imm16 testb addr |
| 358 | resb @@rd,imm4 sinb rd,imm16 testb addr(rd) |
| 359 | resb addr(rd),imm4 sind @@rd,@@rs,ra testb rbd |
| 360 | resb addr,imm4 sindb @@rd,@@rs,rba testl @@rd |
| 361 | resb rbd,imm4 sinib @@rd,@@rs,ra testl addr |
| 362 | resb rbd,rs sinibr @@rd,@@rs,ra testl addr(rd) |
| 363 | resflg imm4 sla rd,imm8 testl rrd |
| 364 | ret cc slab rbd,imm8 trdb @@rd,@@rs,rba |
| 365 | rl rd,imm1or2 slal rrd,imm8 trdrb @@rd,@@rs,rba |
| 366 | rlb rbd,imm1or2 sll rd,imm8 trib @@rd,@@rs,rbr |
| 367 | rlc rd,imm1or2 sllb rbd,imm8 trirb @@rd,@@rs,rbr |
| 368 | rlcb rbd,imm1or2 slll rrd,imm8 trtdrb @@ra,@@rb,rbr |
| 369 | rldb rbb,rba sout imm16,rs trtib @@ra,@@rb,rr |
| 370 | rr rd,imm1or2 soutb imm16,rbs trtirb @@ra,@@rb,rbr |
| 371 | rrb rbd,imm1or2 soutd @@rd,@@rs,ra trtrb @@ra,@@rb,rbr |
| 372 | rrc rd,imm1or2 soutdb @@rd,@@rs,rba tset @@rd |
| 373 | rrcb rbd,imm1or2 soutib @@rd,@@rs,ra tset addr |
| 374 | rrdb rbb,rba soutibr @@rd,@@rs,ra tset addr(rd) |
| 375 | rsvd36 sra rd,imm8 tset rd |
| 376 | rsvd38 srab rbd,imm8 tsetb @@rd |
| 377 | rsvd78 sral rrd,imm8 tsetb addr |
| 378 | rsvd7e srl rd,imm8 tsetb addr(rd) |
| 379 | rsvd9d srlb rbd,imm8 tsetb rbd |
| 380 | rsvd9f srll rrd,imm8 xor rd,@@rs |
| 381 | rsvdb9 sub rd,@@rs xor rd,addr |
| 382 | rsvdbf sub rd,addr xor rd,addr(rs) |
| 383 | sbc rd,rs sub rd,addr(rs) xor rd,imm16 |
| 384 | sbcb rbd,rbs sub rd,imm16 xor rd,rs |
| 385 | sc imm8 sub rd,rs xorb rbd,@@rs |
| 386 | sda rd,rs subb rbd,@@rs xorb rbd,addr |
| 387 | sdab rbd,rs subb rbd,addr xorb rbd,addr(rs) |
| 388 | sdal rrd,rs subb rbd,addr(rs) xorb rbd,imm8 |
| 389 | sdl rd,rs subb rbd,imm8 xorb rbd,rbs |
| 390 | sdlb rbd,rs subb rbd,rbs xorb rbd,rbs |
| 391 | sdll rrd,rs subl rrd,@@rs |
| 392 | set @@rd,imm4 subl rrd,addr |
| 393 | set addr(rd),imm4 subl rrd,addr(rs) |
| 394 | @end smallexample |
| 395 | @iftex |
| 396 | @endgroup |
| 397 | @end iftex |
| 398 | @end ifset |
| 399 | |