| 1 | /* Caching code. Typically used by remote back ends for |
| 2 | caching remote memory. |
| 3 | |
| 4 | Copyright 1992, 1993, 1995, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 5 | |
| 6 | This file is part of GDB. |
| 7 | |
| 8 | This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify |
| 9 | it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by |
| 10 | the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or |
| 11 | (at your option) any later version. |
| 12 | |
| 13 | This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, |
| 14 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of |
| 15 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the |
| 16 | GNU General Public License for more details. |
| 17 | |
| 18 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License |
| 19 | along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software |
| 20 | Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. */ |
| 21 | |
| 22 | #include "defs.h" |
| 23 | #include "dcache.h" |
| 24 | #include "gdbcmd.h" |
| 25 | #include "gdb_string.h" |
| 26 | #include "gdbcore.h" |
| 27 | |
| 28 | /* |
| 29 | The data cache could lead to incorrect results because it doesn't know |
| 30 | about volatile variables, thus making it impossible to debug |
| 31 | functions which use memory mapped I/O devices. |
| 32 | |
| 33 | set remotecache 0 |
| 34 | |
| 35 | In those cases. |
| 36 | |
| 37 | In general the dcache speeds up performance, some speed improvement |
| 38 | comes from the actual caching mechanism, but the major gain is in |
| 39 | the reduction of the remote protocol overhead; instead of reading |
| 40 | or writing a large area of memory in 4 byte requests, the cache |
| 41 | bundles up the requests into 32 byte (actually LINE_SIZE) chunks. |
| 42 | Reducing the overhead to an eighth of what it was. This is very |
| 43 | obvious when displaying a large amount of data, |
| 44 | |
| 45 | eg, x/200x 0 |
| 46 | |
| 47 | caching | no yes |
| 48 | ---------------------------- |
| 49 | first time | 4 sec 2 sec improvement due to chunking |
| 50 | second time | 4 sec 0 sec improvement due to caching |
| 51 | |
| 52 | The cache structure is unusual, we keep a number of cache blocks |
| 53 | (DCACHE_SIZE) and each one caches a LINE_SIZEed area of memory. |
| 54 | Within each line we remember the address of the line (always a |
| 55 | multiple of the LINE_SIZE) and a vector of bytes over the range. |
| 56 | There's another vector which contains the state of the bytes. |
| 57 | |
| 58 | ENTRY_BAD means that the byte is just plain wrong, and has no |
| 59 | correspondence with anything else (as it would when the cache is |
| 60 | turned on, but nothing has been done to it. |
| 61 | |
| 62 | ENTRY_DIRTY means that the byte has some data in it which should be |
| 63 | written out to the remote target one day, but contains correct |
| 64 | data. ENTRY_OK means that the data is the same in the cache as it |
| 65 | is in remote memory. |
| 66 | |
| 67 | |
| 68 | The ENTRY_DIRTY state is necessary because GDB likes to write large |
| 69 | lumps of memory in small bits. If the caching mechanism didn't |
| 70 | maintain the DIRTY information, then something like a two byte |
| 71 | write would mean that the entire cache line would have to be read, |
| 72 | the two bytes modified and then written out again. The alternative |
| 73 | would be to not read in the cache line in the first place, and just |
| 74 | write the two bytes directly into target memory. The trouble with |
| 75 | that is that it really nails performance, because of the remote |
| 76 | protocol overhead. This way, all those little writes are bundled |
| 77 | up into an entire cache line write in one go, without having to |
| 78 | read the cache line in the first place. |
| 79 | |
| 80 | |
| 81 | */ |
| 82 | |
| 83 | |
| 84 | /* This value regulates the number of cache blocks stored. |
| 85 | Smaller values reduce the time spent searching for a cache |
| 86 | line, and reduce memory requirements, but increase the risk |
| 87 | of a line not being in memory */ |
| 88 | |
| 89 | #define DCACHE_SIZE 64 |
| 90 | |
| 91 | /* This value regulates the size of a cache line. Smaller values |
| 92 | reduce the time taken to read a single byte, but reduce overall |
| 93 | throughput. */ |
| 94 | |
| 95 | #define LINE_SIZE_POWER (5) |
| 96 | #define LINE_SIZE (1 << LINE_SIZE_POWER) |
| 97 | |
| 98 | /* Each cache block holds LINE_SIZE bytes of data |
| 99 | starting at a multiple-of-LINE_SIZE address. */ |
| 100 | |
| 101 | #define LINE_SIZE_MASK ((LINE_SIZE - 1)) |
| 102 | #define XFORM(x) ((x) & LINE_SIZE_MASK) |
| 103 | #define MASK(x) ((x) & ~LINE_SIZE_MASK) |
| 104 | |
| 105 | |
| 106 | #define ENTRY_BAD 0 /* data at this byte is wrong */ |
| 107 | #define ENTRY_DIRTY 1 /* data at this byte needs to be written back */ |
| 108 | #define ENTRY_OK 2 /* data at this byte is same as in memory */ |
| 109 | |
| 110 | |
| 111 | struct dcache_block |
| 112 | { |
| 113 | struct dcache_block *p; /* next in list */ |
| 114 | CORE_ADDR addr; /* Address for which data is recorded. */ |
| 115 | char data[LINE_SIZE]; /* bytes at given address */ |
| 116 | unsigned char state[LINE_SIZE]; /* what state the data is in */ |
| 117 | |
| 118 | /* whether anything in state is dirty - used to speed up the |
| 119 | dirty scan. */ |
| 120 | int anydirty; |
| 121 | |
| 122 | int refs; |
| 123 | }; |
| 124 | |
| 125 | |
| 126 | struct dcache_struct |
| 127 | { |
| 128 | /* Function to actually read the target memory. */ |
| 129 | memxferfunc read_memory; |
| 130 | |
| 131 | /* Function to actually write the target memory */ |
| 132 | memxferfunc write_memory; |
| 133 | |
| 134 | /* free list */ |
| 135 | struct dcache_block *free_head; |
| 136 | struct dcache_block *free_tail; |
| 137 | |
| 138 | /* in use list */ |
| 139 | struct dcache_block *valid_head; |
| 140 | struct dcache_block *valid_tail; |
| 141 | |
| 142 | /* The cache itself. */ |
| 143 | struct dcache_block *the_cache; |
| 144 | |
| 145 | /* potentially, if the cache was enabled, and then turned off, and |
| 146 | then turned on again, the stuff in it could be stale, so this is |
| 147 | used to mark it */ |
| 148 | int cache_has_stuff; |
| 149 | } ; |
| 150 | |
| 151 | static int dcache_poke_byte PARAMS ((DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, |
| 152 | char *ptr)); |
| 153 | |
| 154 | static int dcache_peek_byte PARAMS ((DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, |
| 155 | char *ptr)); |
| 156 | |
| 157 | static struct dcache_block *dcache_hit PARAMS ((DCACHE *dcache, |
| 158 | CORE_ADDR addr)); |
| 159 | |
| 160 | static int dcache_write_line PARAMS ((DCACHE *dcache,struct dcache_block *db)); |
| 161 | |
| 162 | static struct dcache_block *dcache_alloc PARAMS ((DCACHE *dcache)); |
| 163 | |
| 164 | static int dcache_writeback PARAMS ((DCACHE *dcache)); |
| 165 | |
| 166 | static void dcache_info PARAMS ((char *exp, int tty)); |
| 167 | |
| 168 | void _initialize_dcache PARAMS ((void)); |
| 169 | |
| 170 | int remote_dcache = 0; |
| 171 | |
| 172 | DCACHE *last_cache; /* Used by info dcache */ |
| 173 | |
| 174 | |
| 175 | /* Free all the data cache blocks, thus discarding all cached data. */ |
| 176 | |
| 177 | void |
| 178 | dcache_flush (dcache) |
| 179 | DCACHE *dcache; |
| 180 | { |
| 181 | int i; |
| 182 | dcache->valid_head = 0; |
| 183 | dcache->valid_tail = 0; |
| 184 | |
| 185 | dcache->free_head = 0; |
| 186 | dcache->free_tail = 0; |
| 187 | |
| 188 | for (i = 0; i < DCACHE_SIZE; i++) |
| 189 | { |
| 190 | struct dcache_block *db = dcache->the_cache + i; |
| 191 | |
| 192 | if (!dcache->free_head) |
| 193 | dcache->free_head = db; |
| 194 | else |
| 195 | dcache->free_tail->p = db; |
| 196 | dcache->free_tail = db; |
| 197 | db->p = 0; |
| 198 | } |
| 199 | |
| 200 | dcache->cache_has_stuff = 0; |
| 201 | |
| 202 | return; |
| 203 | } |
| 204 | |
| 205 | /* If addr is present in the dcache, return the address of the block |
| 206 | containing it. */ |
| 207 | |
| 208 | static struct dcache_block * |
| 209 | dcache_hit (dcache, addr) |
| 210 | DCACHE *dcache; |
| 211 | CORE_ADDR addr; |
| 212 | { |
| 213 | register struct dcache_block *db; |
| 214 | |
| 215 | /* Search all cache blocks for one that is at this address. */ |
| 216 | db = dcache->valid_head; |
| 217 | |
| 218 | while (db) |
| 219 | { |
| 220 | if (MASK(addr) == db->addr) |
| 221 | { |
| 222 | db->refs++; |
| 223 | return db; |
| 224 | } |
| 225 | db = db->p; |
| 226 | } |
| 227 | |
| 228 | return NULL; |
| 229 | } |
| 230 | |
| 231 | /* Make sure that anything in this line which needs to |
| 232 | be written is. */ |
| 233 | |
| 234 | static int |
| 235 | dcache_write_line (dcache, db) |
| 236 | DCACHE *dcache; |
| 237 | register struct dcache_block *db; |
| 238 | { |
| 239 | int s; |
| 240 | int e; |
| 241 | s = 0; |
| 242 | if (db->anydirty) |
| 243 | { |
| 244 | for (s = 0; s < LINE_SIZE; s++) |
| 245 | { |
| 246 | if (db->state[s] == ENTRY_DIRTY) |
| 247 | { |
| 248 | int len = 0; |
| 249 | for (e = s ; e < LINE_SIZE; e++, len++) |
| 250 | if (db->state[e] != ENTRY_DIRTY) |
| 251 | break; |
| 252 | { |
| 253 | /* all bytes from s..s+len-1 need to |
| 254 | be written out */ |
| 255 | int done = 0; |
| 256 | while (done < len) { |
| 257 | int t = dcache->write_memory (db->addr + s + done, |
| 258 | db->data + s + done, |
| 259 | len - done); |
| 260 | if (t == 0) |
| 261 | return 0; |
| 262 | done += t; |
| 263 | } |
| 264 | memset (db->state + s, ENTRY_OK, len); |
| 265 | s = e; |
| 266 | } |
| 267 | } |
| 268 | } |
| 269 | db->anydirty = 0; |
| 270 | } |
| 271 | return 1; |
| 272 | } |
| 273 | |
| 274 | |
| 275 | /* Get a free cache block, put or keep it on the valid list, |
| 276 | and return its address. The caller should store into the block |
| 277 | the address and data that it describes, then remque it from the |
| 278 | free list and insert it into the valid list. This procedure |
| 279 | prevents errors from creeping in if a memory retrieval is |
| 280 | interrupted (which used to put garbage blocks in the valid |
| 281 | list...). */ |
| 282 | |
| 283 | static struct dcache_block * |
| 284 | dcache_alloc (dcache) |
| 285 | DCACHE *dcache; |
| 286 | { |
| 287 | register struct dcache_block *db; |
| 288 | |
| 289 | if (remote_dcache == 0) |
| 290 | abort (); |
| 291 | |
| 292 | /* Take something from the free list */ |
| 293 | db = dcache->free_head; |
| 294 | if (db) |
| 295 | { |
| 296 | dcache->free_head = db->p; |
| 297 | } |
| 298 | else |
| 299 | { |
| 300 | /* Nothing left on free list, so grab one from the valid list */ |
| 301 | db = dcache->valid_head; |
| 302 | dcache->valid_head = db->p; |
| 303 | |
| 304 | dcache_write_line (dcache, db); |
| 305 | } |
| 306 | |
| 307 | /* append this line to end of valid list */ |
| 308 | if (!dcache->valid_head) |
| 309 | dcache->valid_head = db; |
| 310 | else |
| 311 | dcache->valid_tail->p = db; |
| 312 | dcache->valid_tail = db; |
| 313 | db->p = 0; |
| 314 | |
| 315 | return db; |
| 316 | } |
| 317 | |
| 318 | /* Using the data cache DCACHE return the contents of the byte at |
| 319 | address ADDR in the remote machine. |
| 320 | |
| 321 | Returns 0 on error. */ |
| 322 | |
| 323 | static int |
| 324 | dcache_peek_byte (dcache, addr, ptr) |
| 325 | DCACHE *dcache; |
| 326 | CORE_ADDR addr; |
| 327 | char *ptr; |
| 328 | { |
| 329 | register struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr); |
| 330 | int ok=1; |
| 331 | int done = 0; |
| 332 | if (db == 0 |
| 333 | || db->state[XFORM (addr)] == ENTRY_BAD) |
| 334 | { |
| 335 | if (db) |
| 336 | { |
| 337 | dcache_write_line (dcache, db); |
| 338 | } |
| 339 | else |
| 340 | db = dcache_alloc (dcache); |
| 341 | immediate_quit++; |
| 342 | db->addr = MASK (addr); |
| 343 | while (done < LINE_SIZE) |
| 344 | { |
| 345 | int try = |
| 346 | (*dcache->read_memory) |
| 347 | (db->addr + done, |
| 348 | db->data + done, |
| 349 | LINE_SIZE - done); |
| 350 | if (try == 0) |
| 351 | return 0; |
| 352 | done += try; |
| 353 | } |
| 354 | immediate_quit--; |
| 355 | |
| 356 | memset (db->state, ENTRY_OK, sizeof (db->data)); |
| 357 | db->anydirty = 0; |
| 358 | } |
| 359 | *ptr = db->data[XFORM (addr)]; |
| 360 | return ok; |
| 361 | } |
| 362 | |
| 363 | /* Writeback any dirty lines to the remote. */ |
| 364 | static int |
| 365 | dcache_writeback (dcache) |
| 366 | DCACHE *dcache; |
| 367 | { |
| 368 | struct dcache_block *db; |
| 369 | |
| 370 | db = dcache->valid_head; |
| 371 | |
| 372 | while (db) |
| 373 | { |
| 374 | if (!dcache_write_line (dcache, db)) |
| 375 | return 0; |
| 376 | db = db->p; |
| 377 | } |
| 378 | return 1; |
| 379 | } |
| 380 | |
| 381 | |
| 382 | /* Using the data cache DCACHE return the contents of the word at |
| 383 | address ADDR in the remote machine. */ |
| 384 | int |
| 385 | dcache_fetch (dcache, addr) |
| 386 | DCACHE *dcache; |
| 387 | CORE_ADDR addr; |
| 388 | { |
| 389 | int res; |
| 390 | |
| 391 | if (dcache_xfer_memory (dcache, addr, (char *)&res, sizeof res, 0) != sizeof res) |
| 392 | memory_error (EIO, addr); |
| 393 | |
| 394 | return res; |
| 395 | } |
| 396 | |
| 397 | |
| 398 | /* Write the byte at PTR into ADDR in the data cache. |
| 399 | Return zero on write error. |
| 400 | */ |
| 401 | |
| 402 | static int |
| 403 | dcache_poke_byte (dcache, addr, ptr) |
| 404 | DCACHE *dcache; |
| 405 | CORE_ADDR addr; |
| 406 | char *ptr; |
| 407 | { |
| 408 | register struct dcache_block *db = dcache_hit (dcache, addr); |
| 409 | |
| 410 | if (!db) |
| 411 | { |
| 412 | db = dcache_alloc (dcache); |
| 413 | db->addr = MASK (addr); |
| 414 | memset (db->state, ENTRY_BAD, sizeof (db->data)); |
| 415 | } |
| 416 | |
| 417 | db->data[XFORM (addr)] = *ptr; |
| 418 | db->state[XFORM (addr)] = ENTRY_DIRTY; |
| 419 | db->anydirty = 1; |
| 420 | return 1; |
| 421 | } |
| 422 | |
| 423 | /* Write the word at ADDR both in the data cache and in the remote machine. |
| 424 | Return zero on write error. |
| 425 | */ |
| 426 | |
| 427 | int |
| 428 | dcache_poke (dcache, addr, data) |
| 429 | DCACHE *dcache; |
| 430 | CORE_ADDR addr; |
| 431 | int data; |
| 432 | { |
| 433 | if (dcache_xfer_memory (dcache, addr, (char *)&data, sizeof data, 1) != sizeof data) |
| 434 | return 0; |
| 435 | |
| 436 | return dcache_writeback (dcache); |
| 437 | } |
| 438 | |
| 439 | |
| 440 | /* Initialize the data cache. */ |
| 441 | DCACHE * |
| 442 | dcache_init (reading, writing) |
| 443 | memxferfunc reading; |
| 444 | memxferfunc writing; |
| 445 | { |
| 446 | int csize = sizeof (struct dcache_block) * DCACHE_SIZE; |
| 447 | DCACHE *dcache; |
| 448 | |
| 449 | dcache = (DCACHE *) xmalloc (sizeof (*dcache)); |
| 450 | dcache->read_memory = reading; |
| 451 | dcache->write_memory = writing; |
| 452 | |
| 453 | dcache->the_cache = (struct dcache_block *) xmalloc (csize); |
| 454 | memset (dcache->the_cache, 0, csize); |
| 455 | |
| 456 | dcache_flush (dcache); |
| 457 | |
| 458 | last_cache = dcache; |
| 459 | return dcache; |
| 460 | } |
| 461 | |
| 462 | /* Read or write LEN bytes from inferior memory at MEMADDR, transferring |
| 463 | to or from debugger address MYADDR. Write to inferior if SHOULD_WRITE is |
| 464 | nonzero. |
| 465 | |
| 466 | Returns length of data written or read; 0 for error. |
| 467 | |
| 468 | This routine is indended to be called by remote_xfer_ functions. */ |
| 469 | |
| 470 | int |
| 471 | dcache_xfer_memory (dcache, memaddr, myaddr, len, should_write) |
| 472 | DCACHE *dcache; |
| 473 | CORE_ADDR memaddr; |
| 474 | char *myaddr; |
| 475 | int len; |
| 476 | int should_write; |
| 477 | { |
| 478 | int i; |
| 479 | |
| 480 | if (remote_dcache) |
| 481 | { |
| 482 | int (*xfunc) PARAMS ((DCACHE *dcache, CORE_ADDR addr, char *ptr)); |
| 483 | xfunc = should_write ? dcache_poke_byte : dcache_peek_byte; |
| 484 | |
| 485 | for (i = 0; i < len; i++) |
| 486 | { |
| 487 | if (!xfunc (dcache, memaddr + i, myaddr + i)) |
| 488 | return 0; |
| 489 | } |
| 490 | dcache->cache_has_stuff = 1; |
| 491 | dcache_writeback (dcache); |
| 492 | } |
| 493 | else |
| 494 | { |
| 495 | memxferfunc xfunc; |
| 496 | xfunc = should_write ? dcache->write_memory : dcache->read_memory; |
| 497 | |
| 498 | if (dcache->cache_has_stuff) |
| 499 | dcache_flush (dcache); |
| 500 | |
| 501 | len = xfunc (memaddr, myaddr, len); |
| 502 | } |
| 503 | return len; |
| 504 | } |
| 505 | |
| 506 | static void |
| 507 | dcache_info (exp, tty) |
| 508 | char *exp; |
| 509 | int tty; |
| 510 | { |
| 511 | struct dcache_block *p; |
| 512 | |
| 513 | if (!remote_dcache) |
| 514 | { |
| 515 | printf_filtered ("Dcache not enabled\n"); |
| 516 | return; |
| 517 | } |
| 518 | printf_filtered ("Dcache enabled, line width %d, depth %d\n", |
| 519 | LINE_SIZE, DCACHE_SIZE); |
| 520 | |
| 521 | printf_filtered ("Cache state:\n"); |
| 522 | |
| 523 | for (p = last_cache->valid_head; p; p = p->p) |
| 524 | { |
| 525 | int j; |
| 526 | printf_filtered ("Line at %08xd, referenced %d times\n", |
| 527 | p->addr, p->refs); |
| 528 | |
| 529 | for (j = 0; j < LINE_SIZE; j++) |
| 530 | printf_filtered ("%02x", p->data[j] & 0xFF); |
| 531 | printf_filtered ("\n"); |
| 532 | |
| 533 | for (j = 0; j < LINE_SIZE; j++) |
| 534 | printf_filtered (" %2x", p->state[j]); |
| 535 | printf_filtered ("\n"); |
| 536 | } |
| 537 | } |
| 538 | |
| 539 | void |
| 540 | _initialize_dcache () |
| 541 | { |
| 542 | add_show_from_set |
| 543 | (add_set_cmd ("remotecache", class_support, var_boolean, |
| 544 | (char *) &remote_dcache, |
| 545 | "\ |
| 546 | Set cache use for remote targets.\n\ |
| 547 | When on, use data caching for remote targets. For many remote targets\n\ |
| 548 | this option can offer better throughput for reading target memory.\n\ |
| 549 | Unfortunately, gdb does not currently know anything about volatile\n\ |
| 550 | registers and thus data caching will produce incorrect results with\n\ |
| 551 | volatile registers are in use. By default, this option is on.", |
| 552 | &setlist), |
| 553 | &showlist); |
| 554 | |
| 555 | add_info ("dcache", dcache_info, |
| 556 | "Print information on the dcache performance."); |
| 557 | |
| 558 | } |