4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so
21 log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
22 can also be entered as
23 log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1
26 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
27 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
28 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
29 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
30 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
31 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
33 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
34 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
35 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
36 parameter is applicable:
38 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
39 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
40 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
41 APIC APIC support is enabled.
42 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
43 ARM ARM architecture is enabled.
44 AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
45 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
46 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
47 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
48 DYNAMIC_DEBUG Build in debug messages and enable them at runtime
49 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
50 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
51 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
52 EVM Extended Verification Module
53 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
54 FTRACE Function tracing enabled.
55 GCOV GCOV profiling is enabled.
56 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
57 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
58 IMA Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
59 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
60 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
61 IPV6 IPv6 support is enabled.
62 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
63 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
64 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
65 KGDB Kernel debugger support is enabled.
66 KVM Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled.
67 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
68 LP Printer support is enabled.
69 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
70 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
71 These options have more detailed description inside of
72 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
73 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
74 MIPS MIPS architecture is enabled.
75 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
76 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
77 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
78 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
79 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
80 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
81 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
82 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
83 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
84 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
85 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
86 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
87 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
88 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
89 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
90 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
91 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
92 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
93 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
94 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
95 A lot of drivers have their options described inside
96 the Documentation/scsi/ sub-directory.
97 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
98 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
99 APPARMOR AppArmor support is enabled.
100 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
101 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
102 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
103 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
104 SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
105 SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled.
106 TPM TPM drivers are enabled.
107 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
108 UMS USB Mass Storage support is enabled.
109 USB USB support is enabled.
110 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
111 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
112 VMMIO Driver for memory mapped virtio devices is enabled.
113 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
114 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
115 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
116 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
117 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
118 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
119 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
120 Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
121 X86 Either 32-bit or 64-bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)
122 XEN Xen support is enabled
124 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
126 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
127 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
128 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
130 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
131 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
132 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
133 need or coordination with <Documentation/x86/boot.txt>.
135 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
136 See for example <Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
138 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
139 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
140 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
141 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
142 running once the system is up.
144 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
145 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
146 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
147 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
148 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
150 Finally, the [KMG] suffix is commonly described after a number of kernel
151 parameter values. These 'K', 'M', and 'G' letters represent the _binary_
152 multipliers 'Kilo', 'Mega', and 'Giga', equalling 2^10, 2^20, and 2^30
153 bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
157 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
158 Format: { force | off | strict | noirq | rsdt }
159 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
160 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
161 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
162 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
163 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
164 rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
165 copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory
167 See also Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt, pci=noacpi
169 acpi_rsdp= [ACPI,EFI,KEXEC]
170 Pass the RSDP address to the kernel, mostly used
171 on machines running EFI runtime service to boot the
172 second kernel for kdump.
174 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
176 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
177 1,0: use 1st APIC table
180 acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI]
181 acpi_backlight=vendor
183 If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver
184 (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead
185 of the ACPI video.ko driver.
187 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
188 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
190 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI
191 debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a
192 _COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,
193 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT
194 Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in
195 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,
196 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...
197 The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See
198 Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about
199 debug layers and levels.
201 Enable processor driver info messages:
202 acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000
203 Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:
204 acpi.debug_layer=0x400000
205 Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug
206 object while interpreting AML:
207 acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2
208 Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:
209 acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff
211 Some values produce so much output that the system is
212 unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful
213 if you need to capture more output.
215 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
216 ACPI will balance active IRQs
219 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
220 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
223 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
224 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
226 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
228 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
230 acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
232 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
233 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
235 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
236 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 -- only one string
237 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove built-in string2
238 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
241 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
242 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
243 and always returns good values.
245 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
246 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
248 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
250 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
251 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
252 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
254 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
255 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
256 old_ordering, nonvs, sci_force_enable }
257 See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on
259 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
260 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
261 s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
262 used during resume from hibernation.
263 old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
264 control method, with respect to putting devices into
265 low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering
266 of _PTS is used by default).
267 nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the
268 ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume.
269 sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly
270 on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec,
271 but some broken systems don't work without it).
273 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
274 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
275 that require a timer override, but don't have HPET
277 acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI]
278 { strict | lax | no }
279 Check for resource conflicts between native drivers
280 and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory
281 only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be
282 used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and
283 can interfere with legacy drivers.
284 strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI
285 is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved
286 resources will fail to bind to device using them.
287 lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;
288 legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources
289 will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.
290 no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,
291 no further checks are performed.
293 add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in
294 kernel's map of available physical RAM.
297 { off | try_unsupported }
298 off: disable AGP support
299 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
300 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
303 See Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt
306 Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler
307 behaviour to be specified. Bit 0 enables warnings,
308 bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault.
310 align_va_addr= [X86-64]
311 Align virtual addresses by clearing slice [14:12] when
312 allocating a VMA at process creation time. This option
313 gives you up to 3% performance improvement on AMD F15h
314 machines (where it is enabled by default) for a
315 CPU-intensive style benchmark, and it can vary highly in
316 a microbenchmark depending on workload and compiler.
318 32: only for 32-bit processes
319 64: only for 64-bit processes
320 on: enable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
321 off: disable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
323 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-64]
324 Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
326 fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
327 they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
328 flushed before they will be reused, which
330 off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in
332 force_isolation - Force device isolation for all
333 devices. The IOMMU driver is not
334 allowed anymore to lift isolation
335 requirements as needed. This option
336 does not override iommu=pt
338 amd_iommu_dump= [HW,X86-64]
339 Enable AMD IOMMU driver option to dump the ACPI table
340 for AMD IOMMU. With this option enabled, AMD IOMMU
341 driver will print ACPI tables for AMD IOMMU during
342 IOMMU initialization.
344 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
345 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
347 See also Documentation/input/joystick.txt
349 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
350 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
351 connected to one of 16 gameports
352 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
355 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
357 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
358 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
359 APC and your system crashes randomly.
361 apic= [APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
362 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
363 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
364 Change the amount of debugging information output
365 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
368 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
370 show_lapic= [APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
371 Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal
372 number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible
373 to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here.
374 Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }.
375 The parameter valid if only apic=debug or
376 apic=verbose is specified.
377 Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all
379 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
380 See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
382 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
383 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
387 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
389 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
390 EzKey and similar keyboards
392 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
394 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
395 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
397 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
400 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
401 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
403 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
404 Use software keyboard repeat
406 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
409 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
411 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
413 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
414 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
415 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
416 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
418 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
419 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
420 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
421 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
423 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
424 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
428 bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
430 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
431 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
433 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
436 bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
437 firmware feature for flushing multiple hpte entries
440 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
442 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
443 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
444 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
445 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
446 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
447 This option provides an override for these situations.
450 [SECURITY] Disable capabilities. This would normally
451 be used only if an alternative security model is to be
452 configured. Potentially dangerous and should only be
453 used if you are entirely sure of the consequences.
455 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
456 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
458 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
459 Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
460 {Currently supported controllers - "memory"}
462 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
463 Format: { "0" | "1" }
464 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
465 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
466 any implied execute protection).
467 1 -- check protection requested by application.
468 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
469 Value can be changed at runtime via
470 /selinux/checkreqprot.
473 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
475 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
477 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
478 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
479 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
480 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
482 clocksource= Override the default clocksource
484 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
485 with the name specified.
486 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
488 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
490 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
491 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
493 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc;
494 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
502 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
503 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
504 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h for the valid bit
505 numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
506 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
508 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
509 or using the feature without checking anything
510 will still see it. This just prevents it from
511 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
512 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
516 Sets the size of kernel global memory area for contiguous
517 memory allocations. For more information, see
518 include/linux/dma-contiguous.h
520 cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | no }
521 Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive
522 when they are freed. This is used in CMO environments
523 to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by
527 coherent_pool=nn[KMG] [ARM,KNL]
528 Sets the size of memory pool for coherent, atomic dma
529 allocations, by default set to 256K.
531 code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print
536 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
538 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
540 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
544 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
545 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
547 condev= [HW,S390] console device
550 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
552 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
556 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
557 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
558 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
559 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
560 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
562 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
564 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
567 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
568 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
569 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
570 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
571 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
572 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
574 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
575 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
577 For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
579 consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
580 seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0
581 disables the blank timer.
584 [KNL] Change the default value for
585 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
586 See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
588 cpuidle.off=1 [CPU_IDLE]
589 disable the cpuidle sub-system
591 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
593 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
595 crashkernel=size[KMG][@offset[KMG]]
596 [KNL] Using kexec, Linux can switch to a 'crash kernel'
597 upon panic. This parameter reserves the physical
598 memory region [offset, offset + size] for that kernel
599 image. If '@offset' is omitted, then a suitable offset
600 is selected automatically. Check
601 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for further details.
603 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
604 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
605 in the running system. The syntax of range is
606 start-[end] where start and end are both
607 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
608 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for an example.
613 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
614 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
617 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
619 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
620 (one device per port)
621 Format: <port#>,<type>
622 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
624 ddebug_query= [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] Enable debug messages at early boot
625 time. See Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for
626 details. Deprecated, see dyndbg.
628 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
631 [KNL] verbose self-tests
633 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
635 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
636 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
637 only useful to kernel developers.
639 debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
642 [KNL] Disable object debugging
644 debug_guardpage_minorder=
645 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this
646 parameter allows control of the order of pages that will
647 be intentionally kept free (and hence protected) by the
648 buddy allocator. Bigger value increase the probability
649 of catching random memory corruption, but reduce the
650 amount of memory for normal system use. The maximum
651 possible value is MAX_ORDER/2. Setting this parameter
652 to 1 or 2 should be enough to identify most random
653 memory corruption problems caused by bugs in kernel or
654 driver code when a CPU writes to (or reads from) a
655 random memory location. Note that there exists a class
656 of memory corruptions problems caused by buggy H/W or
657 F/W or by drivers badly programing DMA (basically when
658 memory is written at bus level and the CPU MMU is
659 bypassed) which are not detectable by
660 CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, hence this option will not help
661 tracking down these problems.
663 debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
665 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
666 Format: <area>[,<node>]
667 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
670 [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
671 HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
672 the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
673 default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
674 Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
678 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
681 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
683 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
684 See drivers/char/README.epca and
685 Documentation/serial/digiepca.txt.
688 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
690 disable_ddw [PPC/PSERIES]
691 Disable Dynamic DMA Window support. Use this if
692 to workaround buggy firmware.
695 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
697 disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
698 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
699 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
700 entry later. This parameter disables that.
702 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
703 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
704 memory out of your available memory pool based on
705 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
706 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
708 disable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
709 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
710 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
712 dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support,
713 this option disables the debugging code at boot.
715 dma_debug_entries=<number>
716 This option allows to tune the number of preallocated
717 entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
718 required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
719 DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
720 architectural default is too low.
722 dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
723 With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
724 filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
725 pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
726 The filter can be disabled or changed to another
727 driver later using sysfs.
729 drm_kms_helper.edid_firmware=[<connector>:]<file>
730 Broken monitors, graphic adapters and KVMs may
731 send no or incorrect EDID data sets. This parameter
732 allows to specify an EDID data set in the
733 /lib/firmware directory that is used instead.
734 Generic built-in EDID data sets are used, if one of
735 edid/1024x768.bin, edid/1280x1024.bin,
736 edid/1680x1050.bin, or edid/1920x1080.bin is given
737 and no file with the same name exists. Details and
738 instructions how to build your own EDID data are
739 available in Documentation/EDID/HOWTO.txt. An EDID
740 data set will only be used for a particular connector,
741 if its name and a colon are prepended to the EDID
746 dyndbg[="val"] [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG]
747 module.dyndbg[="val"]
748 Enable debug messages at boot time. See
749 Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for details.
751 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
752 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
753 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
754 uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,options]
755 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
756 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
757 MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit
758 (mmio) or 32-bit (mmio32).
759 The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
761 earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN]
763 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
764 earlyprintk=ttySn[,baudrate]
765 earlyprintk=dbgp[debugController#]
767 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
770 Only vga or serial or usb debug port at a time.
772 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
774 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
777 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
780 ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB] Allow early kernel console debugging
783 This is designed to be used in conjunction with
784 the boot argument: earlyprintk=vga
787 Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
789 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
790 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
793 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
794 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
797 Format: {"cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
798 See Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt and
799 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
801 elfcorehdr=[size[KMG]@]offset[KMG] [IA64,PPC,SH,X86,S390]
802 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
803 image elf header and optionally the size. Generally
804 kexec loader will pass this option to capture kernel.
805 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
807 enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
808 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
809 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
810 entry later. This parameter enables that.
812 enable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
813 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
814 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
815 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
816 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
818 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
820 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
821 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
822 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
824 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
827 Disable Error Record Serialization Table (ERST)
830 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
831 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
832 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
836 Permit 'security.evm' to be updated regardless of
837 current integrity status.
841 fail_make_request=[KNL]
842 General fault injection mechanism.
843 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
844 See also Documentation/fault-injection/.
847 See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt.
849 force_pal_cache_flush
850 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
851 buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
852 parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
853 ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
856 [FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
857 as early as possible in order to facilitate early
860 ftrace_dump_on_oops[=orig_cpu]
861 [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
862 If no parameter is passed, ftrace will dump
863 buffers of all CPUs, but if you pass orig_cpu, it will
864 dump only the buffer of the CPU that triggered the
867 ftrace_filter=[function-list]
868 [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
869 tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
870 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
871 time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
874 ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
875 [FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
876 function-list. This list can be changed at run time
877 by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
880 ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list]
881 [FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced
882 by the function graph tracer at boot up.
883 function-list is a comma separated list of functions
884 that can be changed at run time by the
885 set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory.
888 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
889 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
890 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
891 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
895 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
899 gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for
900 kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via
901 debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded.
902 When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated
903 debugfs files are removed at module unload time.
905 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
906 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
908 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
909 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
910 for 64-bit NUMA, off otherwise.
911 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
913 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
915 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
916 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
919 Disable Hardware Error Source Table (HEST) support;
920 corresponding firmware-first mode error processing
921 logic will be disabled.
923 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
924 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
925 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
926 size on bigger boxes.
928 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
929 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
933 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
937 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
938 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force |
940 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
941 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
943 verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup
945 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
946 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
947 On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
948 multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
949 huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
950 x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
951 (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag)
952 Note that 1GB pages can only be allocated at boot time
953 using hugepages= and not freed afterwards.
955 hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC)
956 terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8
957 hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
958 If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections
959 from listed z/VM user IDs only.
962 Do not unregister boot console at start. This is only
963 useful for debugging when something happens in the window
964 between unregistering the boot console and initializing
967 i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed
968 or register an additional I2C bus that is not
969 registered from board initialization code.
973 i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode
974 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
975 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
976 keyboard and cannot control its state
977 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
978 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
979 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
980 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
982 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
984 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
986 i8042.notimeout [HW] Ignore timeout condition signalled by controller
987 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
988 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
992 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
993 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
995 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
996 does not match list of supported models.
998 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
999 (disabled by default)
1000 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
1003 i915.invert_brightness=
1004 [DRM] Invert the sense of the variable that is used to
1005 set the brightness of the panel backlight. Normally a
1006 brightness value of 0 indicates backlight switched off,
1007 and the maximum of the brightness value sets the backlight
1008 to maximum brightness. If this parameter is set to 0
1009 (default) and the machine requires it, or this parameter
1010 is set to 1, a brightness value of 0 sets the backlight
1011 to maximum brightness, and the maximum of the brightness
1012 value switches the backlight off.
1013 -1 -- never invert brightness
1014 0 -- machine default
1015 1 -- force brightness inversion
1018 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
1020 ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1021 Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
1022 .vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr
1023 .cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
1024 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
1026 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1027 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
1030 Format: idle=poll, idle=mwait, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
1031 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly
1032 improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but
1033 will use a lot of power and make the system run hot.
1035 idle=mwait: On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but
1036 the kernel chose to not use it because it doesn't save
1037 as much power as a normal idle loop, use the
1038 MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be
1039 the same as idle=poll.
1040 idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
1041 In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
1042 idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
1044 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
1045 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
1046 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
1047 We also add it as printk module parameter, so users
1048 could change it dynamically, usually by
1049 /sys/module/printk/parameters/ignore_loglevel.
1051 ihash_entries= [KNL]
1052 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
1055 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1056 0 -- integrity auditing messages. (Default)
1057 1 -- enable informational integrity auditing messages.
1060 Format: { "sha1" | "md5" }
1064 Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
1065 Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all
1066 programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
1067 opened for read by uid=0.
1071 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
1074 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
1075 for working out where the kernel is dying during
1078 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
1080 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
1083 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
1085 Enable intel iommu driver.
1087 Disable intel iommu driver.
1088 igfx_off [Default Off]
1089 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
1090 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
1091 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
1092 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
1095 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
1096 for io virtual address below 32-bit forcing dual
1097 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
1098 than 32-bit addressing. The default is to look
1099 for translation below 32-bit and if not available
1100 then look in the higher range.
1101 strict [Default Off]
1102 With this option on every unmap_single operation will
1103 result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
1104 to batching them for performance.
1105 sp_off [Default Off]
1106 By default, super page will be supported if Intel IOMMU
1107 has the capability. With this option, super page will
1110 intel_idle.max_cstate= [KNL,HW,ACPI,X86]
1111 0 disables intel_idle and fall back on acpi_idle.
1112 1 to 6 specify maximum depth of C-state.
1114 intremap= [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU]
1115 on enable Interrupt Remapping (default)
1116 off disable Interrupt Remapping
1117 nosid disable Source ID checking
1119 BIOS x2APIC opt-out request will be ignored
1121 iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory
1122 strict regions from userspace.
1139 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
1140 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
1141 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
1143 io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method
1145 Standard port 0x80 based delay
1147 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
1149 Simple two microseconds delay
1154 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1156 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
1157 See comment before ip2_setup() in
1158 drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
1161 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1162 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1166 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1167 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
1168 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1172 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
1174 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
1176 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
1178 <cpu number>-<cpu number>
1179 (must be a positive range in ascending order)
1181 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
1183 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
1184 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
1185 algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an
1186 "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
1187 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
1188 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
1190 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
1191 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
1192 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
1193 suboptimal load balancer performance.
1197 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
1198 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
1202 kernelcore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
1203 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
1204 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
1205 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
1206 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
1207 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
1208 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
1209 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
1210 of kernelcore pages. The Movable zone is used for the
1211 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
1212 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
1213 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
1214 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
1215 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
1216 zone if it does not.
1218 kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over EHCI usb debug port.
1219 Format: <Controller#>[,poll interval]
1220 The controller # is the number of the ehci usb debug
1221 port as it is probed via PCI. The poll interval is
1222 optional and is the number seconds in between
1223 each poll cycle to the debug port in case you need
1224 the functionality for interrupting the kernel with
1225 gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When
1226 not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into
1227 the kernel debugger.
1229 kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over consoles.
1230 Requires a tty driver that supports console polling,
1231 or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb).
1232 Serial only format: <serial_device>[,baud]
1233 keyboard only format: kbd
1234 keyboard and serial format: kbd,<serial_device>[,baud]
1235 Optional Kernel mode setting:
1236 kms, kbd format: kms,kbd
1237 kms, kbd and serial format: kms,kbd,<ser_dev>[,baud]
1239 kgdbwait [KGDB] Stop kernel execution and enter the
1240 kernel debugger at the earliest opportunity.
1242 kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
1243 Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
1244 Ethernet adapter MAC address.
1246 kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
1247 Valid arguments: on, off
1250 kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
1253 kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs.
1254 Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP)
1256 kvm.mmu_audit= [KVM] This is a R/W parameter which allows audit
1260 kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM.
1261 Default is 1 (enabled)
1263 kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU)
1265 Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64-bit or 32-bit PAE mode.
1267 kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables
1268 (virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips.
1269 Default is 1 (enabled)
1271 kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state=
1272 [KVM,Intel] Enable emulation of invalid guest states
1273 Default is 0 (disabled)
1275 kvm-intel.flexpriority=
1276 [KVM,Intel] Disable FlexPriority feature (TPR shadow).
1277 Default is 1 (enabled)
1280 [KVM,Intel] Enable VMX nesting (nVMX).
1281 Default is 0 (disabled)
1283 kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest=
1284 [KVM,Intel] Disable unrestricted guest feature
1285 (virtualized real and unpaged mode) on capable
1286 Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
1288 kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification
1289 feature (tagged TLBs) on capable Intel chips.
1290 Default is 1 (enabled)
1296 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
1299 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer
1302 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
1303 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
1304 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
1305 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
1306 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
1307 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
1308 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
1310 libata.ignore_hpa= [LIBATA] Ignore HPA limit
1311 libata.ignore_hpa=0 keep BIOS limits (default)
1312 libata.ignore_hpa=1 ignore limits, using full disk
1314 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1318 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
1319 separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
1320 PORT[.DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
1321 matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
1322 the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
1323 the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
1324 values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
1325 configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
1327 If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
1328 the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
1329 number of 0 either selects the first device or the
1330 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
1331 select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
1332 host link and device attached to it.
1334 The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
1335 as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
1336 For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
1337 The following configurations can be forced.
1339 * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
1340 Any ID with matching PORT is used.
1342 * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
1344 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
1345 udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
1348 * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
1350 * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
1353 * rstonce: only attempt one reset during
1354 hot-unplug link recovery
1356 * dump_id: dump IDENTIFY data.
1358 If there are multiple matching configurations changing
1359 the same attribute, the last one is used.
1361 memblock=debug [KNL] Enable memblock debug messages.
1363 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
1364 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1366 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
1369 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
1372 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
1375 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
1378 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
1381 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
1382 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
1383 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
1384 loglevels are defined as follows:
1386 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
1387 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
1388 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
1389 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
1390 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
1391 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
1392 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
1393 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
1395 log_buf_len=n[KMG] Sets the size of the printk ring buffer,
1396 in bytes. n must be a power of two. The default
1397 size is set in the kernel config file.
1399 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
1400 This may be used to provide more screen space for
1401 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
1402 kernel boot problems.
1404 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
1405 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
1406 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
1407 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
1408 specified in addition to the ports) causes
1409 attached printers to be reset. Using
1410 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
1411 to associate lp devices with, starting with
1412 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
1413 that lp device, or a parport name such as
1414 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
1415 port specification list means that device IDs
1416 from each port should be examined, to see if
1417 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
1418 so, the driver will manage that printer.
1419 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
1422 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
1423 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
1424 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
1425 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
1426 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
1427 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
1428 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
1429 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
1430 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
1431 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
1432 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
1436 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1438 machvec= [IA-64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
1439 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
1440 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
1442 machtype= [Loongson] Share the same kernel image file between different
1444 Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch
1446 max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater
1447 than or equal to this physical address is ignored.
1449 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1450 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
1451 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
1452 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
1455 max_loop= [LOOP] The number of loop block devices that get
1456 (loop.max_loop) unconditionally pre-created at init time. The default
1457 number is configured by BLK_DEV_LOOP_MIN_COUNT. Instead
1458 of statically allocating a predefined number, loop
1459 devices can be requested on-demand with the
1460 /dev/loop-control interface.
1462 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1464 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt
1466 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
1467 See Documentation/md.txt.
1470 Format: <first>,<last>
1471 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
1473 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
1474 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
1475 to see the whole system memory or for test.
1476 [X86-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
1477 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
1478 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
1480 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
1484 [KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for
1485 per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
1487 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact
1488 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
1489 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
1490 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
1493 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
1494 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
1495 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1497 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
1498 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
1499 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1501 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
1502 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
1503 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1504 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
1505 memmap=64K$0x18690000
1507 memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
1509 memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
1510 Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
1511 memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
1512 Setting this option will scan the memory
1513 looking for corruption. Enabling this will
1514 both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
1515 from using the memory being corrupted.
1516 However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
1517 repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
1518 affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
1519 to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
1521 memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
1522 By default it checks for corruption in the low
1523 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
1524 use. Use this parameter to scan for
1525 corruption in more or less memory.
1527 memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
1528 By default it checks for corruption every 60
1529 seconds. Use this parameter to check at some
1530 other rate. 0 disables periodic checking.
1532 memtest= [KNL,X86] Enable memtest
1534 default : 0 <disable>
1535 Specifies the number of memtest passes to be
1536 performed. Each pass selects another test
1537 pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest
1538 fills the memory with this pattern, validates
1539 memory contents and reserves bad memory
1540 regions that are detected.
1542 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
1543 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
1545 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
1546 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
1549 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
1550 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
1551 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
1552 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
1556 min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this
1557 physical address is ignored.
1559 mini2440= [ARM,HW,KNL]
1560 Format:[0..2][b][c][t]
1562 MINI2440 configuration specification:
1563 0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT
1564 1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT
1565 2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768)
1566 Leaving out the screen size parameter will not load
1567 the TFT driver, and the framebuffer will be left
1569 b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be
1570 linked to the kernel VESA blanking code and a GPIO
1571 LED. This parameter is not necessary when using the
1573 c - Enable the s3c camera interface.
1574 t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The
1575 touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream
1576 kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found
1577 in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at
1578 http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
1581 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
1582 parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
1583 the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
1584 of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
1585 log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
1586 so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
1589 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
1590 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
1591 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
1592 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
1594 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
1595 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1596 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1597 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1599 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
1600 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
1601 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
1602 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
1603 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
1604 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
1605 is specified, the administrator must be careful
1606 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
1609 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1610 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1612 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1613 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1616 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
1618 multitce=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
1619 firmware feature for updating multiple TCE entries
1622 onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration
1624 Format: [die0_boundary][,die0_lock][,die1_boundary][,die1_lock]
1626 boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND.
1627 The remaining blocks are configured as MLC blocks.
1628 lock - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked.
1629 Once locked, the boundary cannot be changed.
1630 1 indicates lock status, 0 indicates unlock status.
1633 ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
1635 See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
1637 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1638 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1639 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1641 mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1642 used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
1643 that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
1645 mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1646 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
1648 Large value could prevent small alignment from
1651 mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
1653 Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
1655 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
1656 Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
1658 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1660 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1661 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1662 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1663 something different and driver-specific.
1664 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1668 [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
1669 0 to disable accounting
1670 1 to enable accounting
1673 nfsaddrs= [NFS] Deprecated. Use ip= instead.
1674 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1676 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1677 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1679 nfsrootdebug [NFS] enable nfsroot debugging messages.
1680 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1682 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1683 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1684 channel should listen.
1687 [NFS] sets the pathname to the program which is used
1688 to update the NFS client cache entries.
1690 nfs.cache_getent_timeout=
1691 [NFS] sets the timeout after which an attempt to
1692 update a cache entry is deemed to have failed.
1694 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1695 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1699 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
1700 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
1701 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
1702 of returning the full 64-bit number.
1703 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
1705 nfs.max_session_slots=
1706 [NFSv4.1] Sets the maximum number of session slots
1707 the client will attempt to negotiate with the server.
1708 This limits the number of simultaneous RPC requests
1709 that the client can send to the NFSv4.1 server.
1710 Note that there is little point in setting this
1711 value higher than the max_tcp_slot_table_limit.
1713 nfs.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
1714 [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', this option
1715 ensures that both the RPC level authentication
1716 scheme and the NFS level operations agree to use
1717 numeric uids/gids if the mount is using the
1718 'sec=sys' security flavour. In effect it is
1719 disabling idmapping, which can make migration from
1720 legacy NFSv2/v3 systems to NFSv4 easier.
1721 Servers that do not support this mode of operation
1722 will be autodetected by the client, and it will fall
1723 back to using the idmapper.
1724 To turn off this behaviour, set the value to '0'.
1726 nfs.send_implementation_id =
1727 [NFSv4.1] Send client implementation identification
1728 information in exchange_id requests.
1729 If zero, no implementation identification information
1731 The default is to send the implementation identification
1734 nfsd.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
1735 [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', the NFSv4
1736 server will return only numeric uids and gids to
1737 clients using auth_sys, and will accept numeric uids
1738 and gids from such clients. This is intended to ease
1739 migration from NFSv2/v3.
1741 objlayoutdriver.osd_login_prog=
1742 [NFS] [OBJLAYOUT] sets the pathname to the program which
1743 is used to automatically discover and login into new
1744 osd-targets. Please see:
1745 Documentation/filesystems/pnfs.txt for more explanations
1747 nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32,SH] Specify one or more actions to take
1748 when a NMI is triggered.
1749 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
1751 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1752 Format: [panic,][nopanic,][num]
1754 0 - turn nmi_watchdog off
1755 When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog
1756 timeout occurs (or 'nopanic' to override the opposite
1758 This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and
1759 need the box quickly up again.
1761 netpoll.carrier_timeout=
1762 [NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that
1763 netpoll should wait for a carrier. By default netpoll
1766 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1767 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1771 [HW] Never suspend the console
1772 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
1773 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
1774 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
1775 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
1776 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
1777 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
1778 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
1779 To facilitate more flexible debugging, we also add
1780 console_suspend, a printk module parameter to control
1781 it. Users could use console_suspend (usually
1782 /sys/module/printk/parameters/console_suspend) to
1783 turn on/off it dynamically.
1785 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
1786 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
1787 but will impact performance.
1791 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1792 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1794 noautogroup Disable scheduler automatic task group creation.
1796 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1797 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1801 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
1803 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1805 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1807 nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
1809 noefi [X86] Disable EFI runtime services support.
1814 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
1815 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1816 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
1819 Disable SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention)
1820 even if it is supported by processor.
1823 Disable SMEP (Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention)
1824 even if it is supported by processor.
1827 This affects only 32-bit executables.
1828 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1829 read doesn't imply executable mappings
1830 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
1831 read implies executable mappings
1833 nofpu [SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
1835 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1836 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1837 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1839 noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
1840 and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
1841 enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
1844 on enable eager fpu restore
1845 off disable eager fpu restore
1846 auto selects the default scheme, which automatically
1847 enables eagerfpu restore for xsaveopt.
1849 nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
1850 wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1851 use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
1853 no-hlt [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1854 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1857 no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The
1858 only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
1859 is to be setuid root or executed by root.
1861 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1862 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1863 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1864 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1865 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1868 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1869 Valid arguments: on, off
1872 noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
1874 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1875 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1877 no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1878 broken timer IRQ sources.
1880 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1882 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1885 nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
1887 [Deprecated - use intremap=off]
1891 nojitter [IA-64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
1893 no-kvmclock [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized KVM clock driver
1895 no-kvmapf [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized asynchronous page
1898 no-steal-acc [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized steal time accounting.
1899 steal time is computed, but won't influence scheduler
1902 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1904 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
1906 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1907 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1909 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1911 nomce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1913 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
1914 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
1916 nonmi_ipi [X86] Disable using NMI IPIs during panic/reboot to
1917 shutdown the other cpus. Instead use the REBOOT_VECTOR
1920 nomodule Disable module load
1922 nopat [X86] Disable PAT (page attribute table extension of
1923 pagetables) support.
1925 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to
1926 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1928 noreplace-paravirt [X86,IA-64,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
1930 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
1931 with UP alternatives
1933 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1935 nordrand [X86] Disable the direct use of the RDRAND
1936 instruction even if it is supported by the
1937 processor. RDRAND is still available to user
1940 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1943 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1944 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1945 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1949 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1951 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
1952 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
1954 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
1956 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1958 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1960 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1962 nowatchdog [KNL] Disable the lockup detector (NMI watchdog).
1966 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
1968 nptcg= [IA-64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
1969 purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
1972 nr_cpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1973 could support. nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to
1974 supporting 'n' processors. Later in runtime you can not
1975 use hotplug cpu feature to put more cpu back to online.
1976 just like you compile the kernel NR_CPUS=n
1978 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1980 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
1981 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
1982 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
1983 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
1985 ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
1986 See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
1989 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
1990 Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
1991 command is not properly ACKed, override the length
1992 of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
1993 waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
1994 interrupts *may* be lost!
1996 omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing.
1997 Format: <mux_mode0.mode_name=value>...
1998 For example, to override I2C bus2:
1999 omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100
2001 oprofile.timer= [HW]
2002 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
2004 oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
2005 This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
2006 userland or if you want common events.
2007 Format: { arch_perfmon }
2008 arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
2009 perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
2010 CPU specific event set.
2011 timer: [X86] Force use of architectural NMI
2012 timer mode (see also oprofile.timer
2013 for generic hr timer mode)
2014 [s390] Force legacy basic mode sampling
2015 (report cpu_type "timer")
2017 oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the
2018 process, but there is a small probability of
2019 deadlocking the machine.
2020 This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions.
2021 Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot.
2024 See Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt
2026 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic: delay <timeout>
2027 timeout > 0: seconds before rebooting
2028 timeout = 0: wait forever
2029 timeout < 0: reboot immediately
2032 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
2033 connected to, default is 0.
2035 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
2036 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
2039 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
2040 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
2041 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
2042 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
2043 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
2044 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
2045 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
2046 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
2047 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
2048 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
2049 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
2050 are specified on the command line, starting
2053 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
2054 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
2055 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
2056 computer where firmware has no options for setting
2057 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
2058 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
2059 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
2062 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
2063 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
2064 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
2069 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
2070 See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2072 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
2073 earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
2075 off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
2076 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
2077 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
2078 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
2079 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
2080 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
2081 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
2082 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
2083 conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
2085 conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
2087 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
2088 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
2089 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
2090 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
2091 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
2092 nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
2094 check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable
2095 properly configured MMIO access to PCI
2096 config space on AMD family 10h CPU
2097 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
2098 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
2099 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
2100 noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
2101 Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
2102 should never be necessary.
2103 ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
2104 primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
2105 boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
2106 when the system masks IRQs.
2107 noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
2108 boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
2109 a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
2110 The opposite of ioapicreroute.
2111 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
2112 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
2113 on several machines and they hang the machine
2114 when used, but on other computers it's the only
2115 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
2116 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
2117 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
2119 rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
2120 Use with caution as certain devices share
2121 address decoders between ROMs and other
2123 norom [X86] Do not assign address space to
2124 expansion ROMs that do not already have
2125 BIOS assigned address ranges.
2126 nobar [X86] Do not assign address space to the
2127 BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS.
2128 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
2129 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
2130 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
2132 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address
2133 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
2134 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
2135 F0000h-100000h range.
2136 lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
2137 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
2138 secondary buses and you want to tell it
2139 explicitly which ones they are.
2140 assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
2141 numbers ourselves, overriding
2142 whatever the firmware may have done.
2143 usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
2144 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
2145 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
2146 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
2147 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
2148 IRQ routing is enabled.
2149 noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
2150 or for PCI scanning.
2151 use_crs [X86] Use PCI host bridge window information
2152 from ACPI. On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this
2153 is enabled by default. If you need to use this,
2154 please report a bug.
2155 nocrs [X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI.
2156 If you need to use this, please report a bug.
2157 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
2158 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
2159 so this option is a temporary workaround
2160 for broken drivers that don't call it.
2161 skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
2162 handle more pci cards
2163 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
2164 just use the configuration from the
2165 bootloader. This is currently used on
2166 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
2167 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
2168 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
2169 This might help on some broken boards which
2170 machine check when some devices' config space
2171 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
2172 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
2173 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
2174 This sorting is done to get a device
2175 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
2176 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
2177 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
2178 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
2179 The default value is 256 bytes.
2180 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
2181 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
2182 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
2185 [<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
2186 Specifies alignment and device to reassign
2187 aligned memory resources.
2188 If <order of align> is not specified,
2189 PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
2190 PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
2191 windows need to be expanded.
2192 ecrc= Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer
2193 end-to-end CRC checking).
2194 bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the
2198 realloc= Enable/disable reallocating PCI bridge resources
2199 if allocations done by BIOS are too small to
2200 accommodate resources required by all child
2202 off: Turn realloc off
2204 realloc same as realloc=on
2205 noari do not use PCIe ARI.
2206 pcie_scan_all Scan all possible PCIe devices. Otherwise we
2207 only look for one device below a PCIe downstream
2210 pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
2213 force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
2214 WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
2216 pcie_hp= [PCIE] PCI Express Hotplug driver options:
2217 nomsi Do not use MSI for PCI Express Native Hotplug (this
2218 makes all PCIe ports use INTx for hotplug services).
2220 pcie_ports= [PCIE] PCIe ports handling:
2221 auto Ask the BIOS whether or not to use native PCIe services
2222 associated with PCIe ports (PME, hot-plug, AER). Use
2223 them only if that is allowed by the BIOS.
2224 native Use native PCIe services associated with PCIe ports
2226 compat Treat PCIe ports as PCI-to-PCI bridges, disable the PCIe
2229 pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options:
2230 nomsi Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes
2231 all PCIe root ports use INTx for all services).
2233 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
2236 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2238 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
2241 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
2243 percpu_alloc= Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
2244 Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
2245 Archs may support subset or none of the selections.
2246 See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
2247 allocator. This parameter is primarily for debugging
2248 and performance comparison.
2251 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2254 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2256 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
2257 See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
2259 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
2260 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
2261 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
2263 pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
2264 Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
2268 Enable PNP debug messages (depends on the
2269 CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option). Change at run-time
2270 via /sys/module/pnp/parameters/debug. We always show
2271 current resource usage; turning this on also shows
2272 possible settings and some assignment information.
2278 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
2281 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
2284 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
2286 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
2287 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
2290 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
2292 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
2294 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
2296 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
2298 Format: <port>,<port>....
2300 print-fatal-signals=
2301 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
2303 If enabled, warn about various signal handling
2304 related application anomalies: too many signals,
2305 too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a
2308 If you hit the warning due to signal overflow,
2309 you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
2313 printk.always_kmsg_dump=
2314 Trigger kmsg_dump for cases other than kernel oops or
2316 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
2319 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
2320 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
2322 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
2323 Limit processor to maximum C-state
2324 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
2326 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
2327 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
2328 instead using the legacy FADT method
2330 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
2331 Format: [schedule,]<number>
2332 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
2333 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
2334 statistical time based profiling.
2335 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
2336 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
2337 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
2339 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
2341 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
2343 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
2344 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
2345 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
2347 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
2348 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
2351 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
2352 psmouse.smartscroll=
2353 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
2354 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
2356 pstore.backend= Specify the name of the pstore backend to use
2359 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2362 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
2365 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
2370 See Documentation/md.txt.
2372 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
2373 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
2375 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
2376 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
2378 rcutree.blimit= [KNL,BOOT]
2379 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
2382 rcutree.fanout_leaf= [KNL,BOOT]
2383 Increase the number of CPUs assigned to each
2384 leaf rcu_node structure. Useful for very large
2387 rcutree.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT]
2388 Set threshold of queued
2389 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
2391 rcutree.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT]
2392 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
2393 batch limiting is re-enabled.
2395 rcutree.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress= [KNL,BOOT]
2396 Suppress RCU CPU stall warning messages.
2398 rcutree.rcu_cpu_stall_timeout= [KNL,BOOT]
2399 Set timeout for RCU CPU stall warning messages.
2401 rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs= [KNL,BOOT]
2402 Set delay from grace-period initialization to
2403 first attempt to force quiescent states.
2404 Units are jiffies, minimum value is zero,
2405 and maximum value is HZ.
2407 rcutree.jiffies_till_next_fqs= [KNL,BOOT]
2408 Set delay between subsequent attempts to force
2409 quiescent states. Units are jiffies, minimum
2410 value is one, and maximum value is HZ.
2412 rcutorture.fqs_duration= [KNL,BOOT]
2413 Set duration of force_quiescent_state bursts.
2415 rcutorture.fqs_holdoff= [KNL,BOOT]
2416 Set holdoff time within force_quiescent_state bursts.
2418 rcutorture.fqs_stutter= [KNL,BOOT]
2419 Set wait time between force_quiescent_state bursts.
2421 rcutorture.irqreader= [KNL,BOOT]
2422 Test RCU readers from irq handlers.
2424 rcutorture.n_barrier_cbs= [KNL,BOOT]
2425 Set callbacks/threads for rcu_barrier() testing.
2427 rcutorture.nfakewriters= [KNL,BOOT]
2428 Set number of concurrent RCU writers. These just
2429 stress RCU, they don't participate in the actual
2430 test, hence the "fake".
2432 rcutorture.nreaders= [KNL,BOOT]
2433 Set number of RCU readers.
2435 rcutorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL,BOOT]
2436 Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
2438 rcutorture.onoff_interval= [KNL,BOOT]
2439 Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or
2440 zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
2442 rcutorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL,BOOT]
2443 Set task-shuffle interval (s). Shuffling tasks
2444 allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle mode
2445 during the rcutorture test.
2447 rcutorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL,BOOT]
2448 Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This
2449 is useful for hands-off automated testing.
2451 rcutorture.stall_cpu= [KNL,BOOT]
2452 Duration of CPU stall (s) to test RCU CPU stall
2453 warnings, zero to disable.
2455 rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL,BOOT]
2456 Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall.
2458 rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL,BOOT]
2459 Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
2461 rcutorture.stutter= [KNL,BOOT]
2462 Time (s) to stutter testing, for example, specifying
2463 five seconds causes the test to run for five seconds,
2464 wait for five seconds, and so on. This tests RCU's
2465 ability to transition abruptly to and from idle.
2467 rcutorture.test_boost= [KNL,BOOT]
2468 Test RCU priority boosting? 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.
2469 "Maybe" means test if the RCU implementation
2470 under test support RCU priority boosting.
2472 rcutorture.test_boost_duration= [KNL,BOOT]
2473 Duration (s) of each individual boost test.
2475 rcutorture.test_boost_interval= [KNL,BOOT]
2476 Interval (s) between each boost test.
2478 rcutorture.test_no_idle_hz= [KNL,BOOT]
2479 Test RCU's dyntick-idle handling. See also the
2480 rcutorture.shuffle_interval parameter.
2482 rcutorture.torture_type= [KNL,BOOT]
2483 Specify the RCU implementation to test.
2485 rcutorture.verbose= [KNL,BOOT]
2486 Enable additional printk() statements.
2490 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
2491 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
2493 reboot= [BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
2494 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
2495 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
2498 [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
2499 See Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt.
2501 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
2503 reservetop= [X86-32]
2505 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
2510 Set the amount of memory to reserve for BIOS at
2511 the bottom of the address space.
2513 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
2514 during initialization.
2517 Specify the partition device for software suspend
2519 {/dev/<dev> | PARTUUID=<uuid> | <int>:<int> | <hex>}
2521 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
2522 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
2523 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
2524 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
2525 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
2527 resumedelay= [HIBERNATION] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
2528 read the resume files
2530 resumewait [HIBERNATION] Wait (indefinitely) for resume device to show up.
2531 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
2532 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
2534 hibernate= [HIBERNATION]
2535 noresume Don't check if there's a hibernation image
2536 present during boot.
2537 nocompress Don't compress/decompress hibernation images.
2539 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
2541 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2542 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
2544 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
2545 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
2547 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
2549 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
2550 See name_to_dev_t comment in init/do_mounts.c.
2552 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
2553 mount the root filesystem
2555 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
2557 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
2559 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
2560 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
2561 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
2563 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
2565 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
2568 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
2570 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
2572 sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages.
2574 skew_tick= [KNL] Offset the periodic timer tick per cpu to mitigate
2575 xtime_lock contention on larger systems, and/or RCU lock
2576 contention on all systems with CONFIG_MAXSMP set.
2577 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2578 0 -- disable. (may be 1 via CONFIG_CMDLINE="skew_tick=1"
2580 Note: increases power consumption, thus should only be
2581 enabled if running jitter sensitive (HPC/RT) workloads.
2583 security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
2584 If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
2585 security module asking for security registration will be
2586 loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
2587 as if no module has been chosen.
2589 selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
2590 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2591 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
2594 Default value is set via kernel config option.
2595 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
2596 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
2598 apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time
2599 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2600 See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text
2603 Default value is set via kernel config option.
2605 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
2608 Maximal number of shapers.
2610 show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings
2611 Format: { <integer> }
2612 Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
2613 The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
2614 for example 1 means boot CPU only.
2621 slab_max_order= [MM, SLAB]
2622 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
2623 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
2624 fragmentation. Defaults to 1 for systems with
2625 more than 32MB of RAM, 0 otherwise.
2627 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
2628 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
2629 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
2630 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
2631 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
2632 last alloc / free. For more information see
2633 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2635 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
2636 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
2637 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
2638 fragmentation. For more information see
2639 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2641 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
2642 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
2643 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
2644 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
2645 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
2646 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
2647 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
2648 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2650 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
2651 Determines the minimum page order for slabs. Must be
2652 lower than slub_max_order.
2653 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2655 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
2656 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
2657 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
2658 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
2659 merging on their own.
2660 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2663 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
2665 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
2666 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
2667 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
2668 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
2669 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
2670 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
2671 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
2672 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
2673 1: Fast pin select (default)
2677 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
2680 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
2681 See Documentation/laptops/sonypi.txt
2683 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
2684 See Documentation/serial/specialix.txt.
2686 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
2692 Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
2694 stacktrace_filter=[function-list]
2695 [FTRACE] Limit the functions that the stack tracer
2696 will trace at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
2697 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
2698 time by the stack_trace_filter file in the debugfs
2699 tracing directory. Note, this enables stack tracing
2700 and the stacktrace above is not needed.
2704 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
2705 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
2706 as the initial boot-console.
2707 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2710 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2713 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
2715 sunrpc.min_resvport=
2716 sunrpc.max_resvport=
2718 SunRPC servers often require that client requests
2719 originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the
2720 range 0 < portnr < 1024).
2721 An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these
2722 ports for other uses may adjust the range that the
2723 kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged
2724 using these two parameters to set the minimum and
2725 maximum port values.
2729 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
2730 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
2731 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
2732 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
2733 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
2734 NFS server is running.
2736 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
2737 automatically using heuristics
2738 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
2739 percpu one pool for each CPU
2740 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
2741 to global on non-NUMA machines)
2743 sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=
2744 sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=
2746 Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous
2747 RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a
2748 server. Increasing these values may allow you to
2749 improve throughput, but will also increase the
2750 amount of memory reserved for use by the client.
2753 [KNL] Enable accounting of swap in memory resource
2754 controller if no parameter or 1 is given or disable
2755 it if 0 is given (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
2757 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
2761 sysfs.deprecated=0|1 [KNL]
2762 Enable/disable old style sysfs layout for old udev
2763 on older distributions. When this option is enabled
2764 very new udev will not work anymore. When this option
2765 is disabled (or CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED not compiled)
2766 in older udev will not work anymore.
2767 Default depends on CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 set in
2768 the kernel configuration.
2770 sysrq_always_enabled
2772 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
2773 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
2774 Useful for debugging.
2778 test_suspend= [SUSPEND]
2779 Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
2780 standby suspend) as the system sleep state to briefly
2781 enter during system startup. The system is woken from
2782 this state using a wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
2784 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2785 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
2787 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
2788 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
2789 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
2791 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
2792 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
2793 <degrees C>: override all critical trip points
2795 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
2796 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
2797 critical and hot trip points.
2799 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
2800 1: disable ACPI thermal control
2802 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
2803 -1: disable all passive trip points
2804 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
2807 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
2808 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
2809 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
2810 0: no polling (default)
2813 Force threading of all interrupt handlers except those
2814 marked explicitly IRQF_NO_THREAD.
2818 Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
2819 topology information if the hardware supports this.
2820 The scheduler will make use of this information and
2821 e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
2826 tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM]
2827 Format: integer pcr id
2828 Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver
2829 should extend the specified pcr with zeros,
2830 as a workaround for some chips which fail to
2831 flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState.
2832 This will guarantee that all the other pcrs
2835 trace_buf_size=nn[KMG]
2836 [FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size.
2838 trace_event=[event-list]
2839 [FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order
2840 to facilitate early boot debugging.
2841 See also Documentation/trace/events.txt
2843 transparent_hugepage=
2845 Format: [always|madvise|never]
2846 Can be used to control the default behavior of the system
2847 with respect to transparent hugepages.
2848 See Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt for more details.
2850 tsc= Disable clocksource stability checks for TSC.
2852 [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
2853 disables clocksource verification at runtime, as well
2854 as the stability checks done at bootup. Used to enable
2855 high-resolution timer mode on older hardware, and in
2856 virtualized environment.
2857 [x86] noirqtime: Do not use TSC to do irq accounting.
2858 Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any
2859 platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting
2862 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
2863 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
2865 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
2866 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
2868 udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging early kernel crashes that
2869 happen after console_init() and before a proper
2870 console driver takes over, this boot options might
2871 help "seeing" what's going on.
2873 uhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2874 Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections
2877 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
2878 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
2879 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
2880 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
2881 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
2885 [X86] Cause panic on unknown NMI.
2887 usbcore.authorized_default=
2888 [USB] Default USB device authorization:
2889 (default -1 = authorized except for wireless USB,
2890 0 = not authorized, 1 = authorized)
2892 usbcore.autosuspend=
2893 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
2894 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
2895 is the time required before an idle device will be
2896 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
2897 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
2899 usbcore.usbfs_snoop=
2900 [USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off).
2902 usbcore.blinkenlights=
2903 [USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off).
2905 usbcore.old_scheme_first=
2906 [USB] Start with the old device initialization
2907 scheme (default 0 = off).
2909 usbcore.usbfs_memory_mb=
2910 [USB] Memory limit (in MB) for buffers allocated by
2911 usbfs (default = 16, 0 = max = 2047).
2913 usbcore.use_both_schemes=
2914 [USB] Try the other device initialization scheme
2915 if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled).
2917 usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout=
2918 [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
2919 USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds
2920 (default 5000 = 5.0 seconds).
2923 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
2925 usb-storage.delay_use=
2926 [UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is
2927 scanned for Logical Units (default 5).
2930 [UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or
2931 override the built-in unusual_devs list. List
2932 entries are separated by commas. Each entry has
2933 the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor
2934 and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
2935 Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding
2936 to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
2937 a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes
2939 b = BAD_SENSE (don't collect more than 18
2940 bytes of sense data);
2941 c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported
2942 device capacity by one sector);
2943 d = NO_READ_DISC_INFO (don't use
2944 READ_DISC_INFO command);
2945 e = NO_READ_CAPACITY_16 (don't use
2946 READ_CAPACITY_16 command);
2947 h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the
2948 reported device capacity by one
2949 sector if the number is odd);
2950 i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
2952 l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
2953 unlock ejectable media);
2954 m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
2955 than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time);
2956 n = INITIAL_READ10 (force a retry of the
2957 initial READ(10) command);
2958 o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity
2959 reported by the device);
2960 p = WRITE_CACHE (the device cache is ON
2962 r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports
2963 bogus residue values);
2964 s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one
2966 w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the
2967 medium is write-protected).
2968 Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc
2970 user_debug= [KNL,ARM]
2972 See arch/arm/Kconfig.debug help text.
2973 1 - undefined instruction events
2975 4 - invalid data aborts
2978 Example: user_debug=31
2981 [X86] Flags controlling user PTE allocations.
2983 nohigh = do not allocate PTE pages in
2984 HIGHMEM regardless of setting
2988 vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2989 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
2990 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
2993 vdso32=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2994 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO (default)
2995 vdso32=0: disable 32-bit VDSO mapping
2998 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
3000 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
3001 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
3004 [VMMIO] Memory mapped virtio (platform) device.
3006 <size>@<baseaddr>:<irq>[:<id>]
3008 <size> := size (can use standard suffixes
3010 <baseaddr> := physical base address
3011 <irq> := interrupt number (as passed to
3013 <id> := (optional) platform device id
3015 virtio_mmio.device=1K@0x100b0000:48:7
3017 Can be used multiple times for multiple devices.
3019 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
3020 See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and
3021 Documentation/svga.txt.
3022 Use vga=ask for menu.
3023 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
3024 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
3026 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
3027 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
3028 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
3029 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
3032 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
3035 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
3038 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
3042 Controls the behavior of vsyscalls (i.e. calls to
3043 fixed addresses of 0xffffffffff600x00 from legacy
3044 code). Most statically-linked binaries and older
3045 versions of glibc use these calls. Because these
3046 functions are at fixed addresses, they make nice
3047 targets for exploits that can control RIP.
3049 emulate [default] Vsyscalls turn into traps and are
3050 emulated reasonably safely.
3052 native Vsyscalls are native syscall instructions.
3053 This is a little bit faster than trapping
3054 and makes a few dynamic recompilers work
3055 better than they would in emulation mode.
3056 It also makes exploits much easier to write.
3058 none Vsyscalls don't work at all. This makes
3059 them quite hard to use for exploits but
3060 might break your system.
3062 vt.cur_default= [VT] Default cursor shape.
3063 Format: 0xCCBBAA, where AA, BB, and CC are the same as
3064 the parameters of the <Esc>[?A;B;Cc escape sequence;
3065 see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline.
3067 vt.default_blu= [VT]
3068 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
3069 Change the default blue palette of the console.
3070 This is a 16-member array composed of values
3073 vt.default_grn= [VT]
3074 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
3075 Change the default green palette of the console.
3076 This is a 16-member array composed of values
3079 vt.default_red= [VT]
3080 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
3081 Change the default red palette of the console.
3082 This is a 16-member array composed of values
3088 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
3089 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
3090 newly opened terminals.
3092 vt.global_cursor_default=
3095 Set system-wide default for whether a cursor
3096 is shown on new VTs. Default is -1,
3097 i.e. cursors will be created by default unless
3098 overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide
3099 cursors, 1 will display them.
3101 watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For information on watchdog timers,
3102 see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt
3103 or other driver-specific files in the
3104 Documentation/watchdog/ directory.
3106 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
3107 default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
3110 x86_mrst_timer= [X86-32,APBT]
3111 Choose timer option for x86 Moorestown MID platform.
3112 Two valid options are apbt timer only and lapic timer
3113 plus one apbt timer for broadcast timer.
3114 x86_mrst_timer=apbt_only | lapic_and_apbt
3116 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
3117 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
3119 xen_emul_unplug= [HW,X86,XEN]
3120 Unplug Xen emulated devices
3121 Format: [unplug0,][unplug1]
3122 ide-disks -- unplug primary master IDE devices
3123 aux-ide-disks -- unplug non-primary-master IDE devices
3124 nics -- unplug network devices
3125 all -- unplug all emulated devices (NICs and IDE disks)
3126 unnecessary -- unplugging emulated devices is
3127 unnecessary even if the host did not respond to
3129 never -- do not unplug even if version check succeeds
3131 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
3133 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
3135 ______________________________________________________________________
3139 Add more DRM drivers.
projects / deliverable / linux.git / blob