Documentation/powerpc/qe_firmware.txt

   1            Freescale QUICC Engine Firmware Uploading
   2            -----------------------------------------
   3
   4 (c) 2007 Timur Tabi <timur at freescale.com>,
   5     Freescale Semiconductor
   6
   7 Table of Contents
   8 =================
   9
  10   I - Software License for Firmware
  11
  12   II - Microcode Availability
  13
  14   III - Description and Terminology
  15
  16   IV - Microcode Programming Details
  17
  18   V - Firmware Structure Layout
  19
  20   VI - Sample Code for Creating Firmware Files
  21
  22 Revision Information
  23 ====================
  24
  25 November 30, 2007: Rev 1.0 - Initial version
  26
  27 I - Software License for Firmware
  28 =================================
  29
  30 Each firmware file comes with its own software license.  For information on
  31 the particular license, please see the license text that is distributed with
  32 the firmware.
  33
  34 II - Microcode Availability
  35 ===========================
  36
  37 Firmware files are distributed through various channels.  Some are available on
  38 http://opensource.freescale.com.  For other firmware files, please contact
  39 your Freescale representative or your operating system vendor.
  40
  41 III - Description and Terminology
  42 ================================
  43
  44 In this document, the term 'microcode' refers to the sequence of 32-bit
  45 integers that compose the actual QE microcode.
  46
  47 The term 'firmware' refers to a binary blob that contains the microcode as
  48 well as other data that
  49
  50         1) describes the microcode's purpose
  51         2) describes how and where to upload the microcode
  52         3) specifies the values of various registers
  53         4) includes additional data for use by specific device drivers
  54
  55 Firmware files are binary files that contain only a firmware.
  56
  57 IV - Microcode Programming Details
  58 ===================================
  59
  60 The QE architecture allows for only one microcode present in I-RAM for each
  61 RISC processor.  To replace any current microcode, a full QE reset (which
  62 disables the microcode) must be performed first.
  63
  64 QE microcode is uploaded using the following procedure:
  65
  66 1) The microcode is placed into I-RAM at a specific location, using the
  67    IRAM.IADD and IRAM.IDATA registers.
  68
  69 2) The CERCR.CIR bit is set to 0 or 1, depending on whether the firmware
  70    needs split I-RAM.  Split I-RAM is only meaningful for SOCs that have
  71    QEs with multiple RISC processors, such as the 8360.  Splitting the I-RAM
  72    allows each processor to run a different microcode, effectively creating an
  73    asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP) system.
  74
  75 3) The TIBCR trap registers are loaded with the addresses of the trap handlers
  76    in the microcode.
  77
  78 4) The RSP.ECCR register is programmed with the value provided.
  79
  80 5) If necessary, device drivers that need the virtual traps and extended mode
  81    data will use them.
  82
  83 Virtual Microcode Traps
  84
  85 These virtual traps are conditional branches in the microcode.  These are
  86 "soft" provisional introduced in the ROMcode in order to enable higher
  87 flexibility and save h/w traps If new features are activated or an issue is
  88 being fixed in the RAM package utilizing they should be activated.  This data
  89 structure signals the microcode which of these virtual traps is active.
  90
  91 This structure contains 6 words that the application should copy to some
  92 specific been defined.  This table describes the structure.
  93
  94         ---------------------------------------------------------------
  95         | Offset in |                  | Destination Offset | Size of |
  96         |   array   |     Protocol     |   within PRAM      | Operand |
  97         --------------------------------------------------------------|
  98         |     0     | Ethernet         |      0xF8          | 4 bytes |
  99         |           | interworking     |                    |         |
 100         ---------------------------------------------------------------
 101         |     4     | ATM              |      0xF8          | 4 bytes |
 102         |           | interworking     |                    |         |
 103         ---------------------------------------------------------------
 104         |     8     | PPP              |      0xF8          | 4 bytes |
 105         |           | interworking     |                    |         |
 106         ---------------------------------------------------------------
 107         |     12    | Ethernet RX      |      0x22          | 1 byte  |
 108         |           | Distributor Page |                    |         |
 109         ---------------------------------------------------------------
 110         |     16    | ATM Globtal      |      0x28          | 1 byte  |
 111         |           | Params Table     |                    |         |
 112         ---------------------------------------------------------------
 113         |     20    | Insert Frame     |      0xF8          | 4 bytes |
 114         ---------------------------------------------------------------
 115
 116
 117 Extended Modes
 118
 119 This is a double word bit array (64 bits) that defines special functionality
 120 which has an impact on the software drivers.  Each bit has its own impact
 121 and has special instructions for the s/w associated with it.  This structure is
 122 described in this table:
 123
 124         -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 125         | Bit #  |     Name     |   Description                               |
 126         -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 127         |   0    | General      | Indicates that prior to each host command   |
 128         |        | push command | given by the application, the software must |
 129         |        |              | assert a special host command (push command)|
 130         |        |              | CECDR = 0x00800000.                         |
 131         |        |              | CECR = 0x01c1000f.                          |
 132         -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 133         |   1    | UCC ATM      | Indicates that after issuing ATM RX INIT    |
 134         |        | RX INIT      | command, the host must issue another special|
 135         |        | push command | command (push command) and immediately      |
 136         |        |              | following that re-issue the ATM RX INIT     |
 137         |        |              | command. (This makes the sequence of        |
 138         |        |              | initializing the ATM receiver a sequence of |
 139         |        |              | three host commands)                        |
 140         |        |              | CECDR = 0x00800000.                         |
 141         |        |              | CECR = 0x01c1000f.                          |
 142         -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 143         |   2    | Add/remove   | Indicates that following the specific host  |
 144         |        | command      | command: "Add/Remove entry in Hash Lookup   |
 145         |        | validation   | Table" used in Interworking setup, the user |
 146         |        |              | must issue another command.                 |
 147         |        |              | CECDR = 0xce000003.                         |
 148         |        |              | CECR = 0x01c10f58.                          |
 149         -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 150         |   3    | General push | Indicates that the s/w has to initialize    |
 151         |        | command      | some pointers in the Ethernet thread pages  |
 152         |        |              | which are used when Header Compression is   |
 153         |        |              | activated.  The full details of these       |
 154         |        |              | pointers is located in the software drivers.|
 155         -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 156         |   4    | General push | Indicates that after issuing Ethernet TX    |
 157         |        | command      | INIT command, user must issue this command  |
 158         |        |              | for each SNUM of Ethernet TX thread.        |
 159         |        |              | CECDR = 0x00800003.                         |
 160         |        |              | CECR = 0x7'b{0}, 8'b{Enet TX thread SNUM},  |
 161         |        |              |        1'b{1}, 12'b{0}, 4'b{1}              |
 162         -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 163         | 5 - 31 |     N/A      | Reserved, set to zero.                      |
 164         -----------------------------------------------------------------------
 165
 166 V - Firmware Structure Layout
 167 ==============================
 168
 169 QE microcode from Freescale is typically provided as a header file.  This
 170 header file contains macros that define the microcode binary itself as well as
 171 some other data used in uploading that microcode.  The format of these files
 172 do not lend themselves to simple inclusion into other code.  Hence,
 173 the need for a more portable format.  This section defines that format.
 174
 175 Instead of distributing a header file, the microcode and related data are
 176 embedded into a binary blob.  This blob is passed to the qe_upload_firmware()
 177 function, which parses the blob and performs everything necessary to upload
 178 the microcode.
 179
 180 All integers are big-endian.  See the comments for function
 181 qe_upload_firmware() for up-to-date implementation information.
 182
 183 This structure supports versioning, where the version of the structure is
 184 embedded into the structure itself.  To ensure forward and backwards
 185 compatibility, all versions of the structure must use the same 'qe_header'
 186 structure at the beginning.
 187
 188 'header' (type: struct qe_header):
 189         The 'length' field is the size, in bytes, of the entire structure,
 190         including all the microcode embedded in it, as well as the CRC (if
 191         present).
 192
 193         The 'magic' field is an array of three bytes that contains the letters
 194         'Q', 'E', and 'F'.  This is an identifier that indicates that this
 195         structure is a QE Firmware structure.
 196
 197         The 'version' field is a single byte that indicates the version of this
 198         structure.  If the layout of the structure should ever need to be
 199         changed to add support for additional types of microcode, then the
 200         version number should also be changed.
 201
 202 The 'id' field is a null-terminated string(suitable for printing) that
 203 identifies the firmware.
 204
 205 The 'count' field indicates the number of 'microcode' structures.  There
 206 must be one and only one 'microcode' structure for each RISC processor.
 207 Therefore, this field also represents the number of RISC processors for this
 208 SOC.
 209
 210 The 'soc' structure contains the SOC numbers and revisions used to match
 211 the microcode to the SOC itself.  Normally, the microcode loader should
 212 check the data in this structure with the SOC number and revisions, and
 213 only upload the microcode if there's a match.  However, this check is not
 214 made on all platforms.
 215
 216 Although it is not recommended, you can specify '0' in the soc.model
 217 field to skip matching SOCs altogether.
 218
 219 The 'model' field is a 16-bit number that matches the actual SOC. The
 220 'major' and 'minor' fields are the major and minor revision numbers,
 221 respectively, of the SOC.
 222
 223 For example, to match the 8323, revision 1.0:
 224      soc.model = 8323
 225      soc.major = 1
 226      soc.minor = 0
 227
 228 'padding' is necessary for structure alignment.  This field ensures that the
 229 'extended_modes' field is aligned on a 64-bit boundary.
 230
 231 'extended_modes' is a bitfield that defines special functionality which has an
 232 impact on the device drivers.  Each bit has its own impact and has special
 233 instructions for the driver associated with it.  This field is stored in
 234 the QE library and available to any driver that calles qe_get_firmware_info().
 235
 236 'vtraps' is an array of 8 words that contain virtual trap values for each
 237 virtual traps.  As with 'extended_modes', this field is stored in the QE
 238 library and available to any driver that calles qe_get_firmware_info().
 239
 240 'microcode' (type: struct qe_microcode):
 241         For each RISC processor there is one 'microcode' structure.  The first
 242         'microcode' structure is for the first RISC, and so on.
 243
 244         The 'id' field is a null-terminated string suitable for printing that
 245         identifies this particular microcode.
 246
 247         'traps' is an array of 16 words that contain hardware trap values
 248         for each of the 16 traps.  If trap[i] is 0, then this particular
 249         trap is to be ignored (i.e. not written to TIBCR[i]).  The entire value
 250         is written as-is to the TIBCR[i] register, so be sure to set the EN
 251         and T_IBP bits if necessary.
 252
 253         'eccr' is the value to program into the ECCR register.
 254
 255         'iram_offset' is the offset into IRAM to start writing the
 256         microcode.
 257
 258         'count' is the number of 32-bit words in the microcode.
 259
 260         'code_offset' is the offset, in bytes, from the beginning of this
 261         structure where the microcode itself can be found.  The first
 262         microcode binary should be located immediately after the 'microcode'
 263         array.
 264
 265         'major', 'minor', and 'revision' are the major, minor, and revision
 266         version numbers, respectively, of the microcode.  If all values are 0,
 267         then these fields are ignored.
 268
 269         'reserved' is necessary for structure alignment.  Since 'microcode'
 270         is an array, the 64-bit 'extended_modes' field needs to be aligned
 271         on a 64-bit boundary, and this can only happen if the size of
 272         'microcode' is a multiple of 8 bytes.  To ensure that, we add
 273         'reserved'.
 274
 275 After the last microcode is a 32-bit CRC.  It can be calculated using
 276 this algorithm:
 277
 278 u32 crc32(const u8 *p, unsigned int len)
 279 {
 280         unsigned int i;
 281         u32 crc = 0;
 282
 283         while (len--) {
 284            crc ^= *p++;
 285            for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
 286                    crc = (crc >> 1) ^ ((crc & 1) ? 0xedb88320 : 0);
 287         }
 288         return crc;
 289 }
 290
 291 VI - Sample Code for Creating Firmware Files
 292 ============================================
 293
 294 A Python program that creates firmware binaries from the header files normally
 295 distributed by Freescale can be found on http://opensource.freescale.com.