Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt

   1
   2                 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver
   3                 ==========================================
   4                             Configuration guide
   5
   6
   7 Kernel Configuration
   8 ====================
   9
  10 To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
  11 primary sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND).  Since ALSA can emulate OSS,
  12 you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
  13
  14 Enable "OSS API emulation" (CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL) and both OSS mixer and
  15 PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
  16
  17 If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
  18 SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
  19 (CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER).
  20
  21 To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
  22 and "Debug" options.  To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
  23 too.  "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
  24
  25 Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
  26 (if the card supports ISA PnP).  You don't need to configure the cards
  27 using isapnptools.
  28
  29
  30 Creating ALSA devices
  31 =====================
  32
  33 This depends on your distribution, but normally you use the /dev/MAKEDEV
  34 script to create the necessary device nodes.  On some systems you use a
  35 script named 'snddevices'.
  36
  37
  38 Module parameters
  39 =================
  40
  41 The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
  42 one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
  43 specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
  44
  45 Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
  46
  47   Module snd
  48   ----------
  49
  50     The core ALSA module.  It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
  51     It takes the following options which have global effects.
  52
  53     major       - major number for sound driver
  54                 - Default: 116
  55     cards_limit
  56                 - limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8)
  57                 - Default: 1
  58                 - For auto-loading more than one card, specify this
  59                   option together with snd-card-X aliases.
  60     device_mode
  61                 - permission mask for dynamic sound device filesystem
  62                 - This is available only when DEVFS is enabled
  63                 - Default: 0666
  64                 - E.g.: device_mode=0660
  65
  66
  67   Module snd-pcm-oss
  68   ------------------
  69
  70     The PCM OSS emulation module.
  71     This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
  72
  73     dsp_map     - PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
  74                 - Default: 0
  75     adsp_map    - PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
  76                 - Default: 1
  77     nonblock_open
  78                 - Don't block opening busy PCM devices.  Default: 1
  79
  80     For example, when dsp_map=2, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
  81     the card #0.  Similarly, when adsp_map=0, /dev/adsp will be mapped
  82     to PCM #0 of the card #0.
  83     For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
  84     commas, such like "dsp_map=0,1".
  85
  86     nonblock_open option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
  87     regarding opening the device.  When this option is non-zero,
  88     opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
  89     immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
  90
  91   Module snd-rawmidi
  92   ------------------
  93
  94     This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
  95     similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
  96
  97     midi_map    - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
  98                 - Default: 0
  99     amidi_map   - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
 100                 - Default: 1
 101
 102   Common parameters for top sound card modules
 103   --------------------------------------------
 104
 105     Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
 106
 107     index       - index (slot #) of sound card
 108                 - Values: 0 through 31 or negative
 109                 - If nonnegative, assign that index number
 110                 - if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible
 111                   indices; the first free permitted index is assigned
 112                 - Default: -1
 113     id          - card ID (identifier or name)
 114                 - Can be up to 15 characters long
 115                 - Default: the card type
 116                 - A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
 117                   containing information about the card
 118                 - This ID can be used instead of the index number in
 119                   identifying the card
 120     enable      - enable card
 121                 - Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
 122
 123   Module snd-adlib
 124   ----------------
 125
 126     Module for AdLib FM cards.
 127
 128     port        - port # for OPL chip
 129
 130     This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
 131     the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
 132     Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
 133     synthesis.
 134
 135     Make sure you have "sbiload" from the alsa-tools package available and,
 136     after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
 137     number through "sbiload -l". Example output:
 138
 139       Port     Client name                       Port name
 140       64:0     OPL2 FM synth                     OPL2 FM Port
 141
 142     Load the std.sb and drums.sb patches also supplied by sbiload:
 143
 144       sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb
 145
 146     If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use std.o3 and drums.o3
 147     instead. To have the card produce sound, use aplaymidi from alsa-utils:
 148
 149       aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid
 150
 151   Module snd-ad1816a
 152   ------------------
 153
 154     Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
 155
 156     port        - port # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
 157     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 158     fm_port     - port # for OPL3 (PnP setup)
 159     irq         - IRQ # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
 160     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 161     dma1        - first DMA # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
 162     dma2        - second DMA # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
 163     clockfreq   - Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
 164
 165     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
 166
 167   Module snd-ad1848
 168   -----------------
 169
 170     Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
 171
 172     port        - port # for AD1848 chip
 173     irq         - IRQ # for AD1848  chip
 174     dma1        - DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
 175
 176     This module supports multiple cards.  It does not support autoprobe
 177     thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
 178
 179     The power-management is supported.
 180
 181   Module snd-ad1889
 182   -----------------
 183
 184     Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.
 185
 186     ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
 187                   See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
 188
 189     This module supports multiple cards.
 190
 191   Module snd-ali5451
 192   ------------------
 193
 194     Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
 195
 196     pcm_channels    - Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
 197     spdif           - Support SPDIF I/O
 198                     - Default: disabled
 199
 200     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
 201
 202     The power-management is supported.
 203
 204   Module snd-als100
 205   -----------------
 206
 207     Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
 208
 209     port        - port # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
 210     irq         - IRQ # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
 211     dma8        - 8-bit DMA # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
 212     dma16       - 16-bit DMA # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
 213     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 214     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
 215     fm_port     - port # for OPL3 FM (PnP setup)
 216
 217     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
 218
 219     The power-management is supported.
 220
 221   Module snd-als300
 222   -----------------
 223
 224     Module for  Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+
 225
 226     This module supports multiple cards.
 227
 228     The power-management is supported.
 229
 230   Module snd-als4000
 231   ------------------
 232
 233     Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
 234
 235     joystick_port - port # for legacy joystick support.
 236                     0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
 237
 238     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
 239
 240     The power-management is supported.
 241
 242   Module snd-atiixp
 243   -----------------
 244
 245     Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.
 246
 247     ac97_clock          - AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
 248     ac97_quirk          - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
 249                           See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
 250     spdif_aclink        - S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
 251
 252     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
 253
 254     ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output.  One is
 255     over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output.  The
 256     implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
 257     choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.
 258
 259     The power-management is supported.
 260
 261   Module snd-atiixp-modem
 262   -----------------------
 263
 264     Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
 265
 266     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
 267
 268     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
 269           slot is excluded.
 270
 271     The power-management is supported.
 272
 273   Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
 274   -----------------------------------------
 275
 276     Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
 277
 278     pcifix      - Control PCI workarounds
 279                   0 = Disable all workarounds
 280                   1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff
 281                   2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
 282                       Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge
 283                   3 = Force both settings
 284                   255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
 285
 286     This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
 287     EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
 288     Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
 289     http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
 290     SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
 291     "spdif" pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
 292     The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and
 293     Advantage.
 294
 295     Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate
 296            control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
 297            another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
 298
 299   Module snd-azt2320
 300   ------------------
 301
 302     Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
 303
 304     port        - port # for AZT2320 chip (PnP setup)
 305     wss_port    - port # for WSS (PnP setup)
 306     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 307     fm_port     - FM port # for AZT2320 chip (PnP setup)
 308     irq         - IRQ # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
 309     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 310     dma1        - 1st DMA # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
 311     dma2        - 2nd DMA # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
 312
 313     This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
 314
 315     The power-management is supported.
 316
 317   Module snd-azt3328
 318   ------------------
 319
 320     Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
 321
 322     joystick    - Enable joystick (default off)
 323
 324     This module supports multiple cards.
 325
 326   Module snd-bt87x
 327   ----------------
 328
 329     Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
 330
 331     digital_rate - Override the default digital rate (Hz)
 332     load_all    - Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
 333
 334     This module supports multiple cards.
 335
 336     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
 337           slot is excluded.
 338
 339   Module snd-ca0106
 340   -----------------
 341
 342     Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
 343
 344     This module supports multiple cards.
 345
 346
 347   Module snd-cmi8330
 348   ------------------
 349
 350     Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
 351
 352     wssport     - port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
 353     wssirq      - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
 354     wssdma      - first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
 355     sbport      - port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
 356     sbirq       - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
 357     sbdma8      - 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
 358     sbdma16     - 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
 359
 360     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 361
 362     The power-management is supported.
 363
 364   Module snd-cmipci
 365   -----------------
 366
 367     Module for C-Media CMI8338 and 8738 PCI sound cards.
 368
 369     mpu_port    - 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
 370                   1 = integrated PCI port,
 371                   0 = disable (default)
 372     fm_port     - 0x388 (default), 0 = disable (default)
 373     soft_ac3    - Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only)
 374                   (default = 1)
 375     joystick_port - Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
 376
 377     This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
 378
 379     The power-management is supported.
 380
 381   Module snd-cs4231
 382   -----------------
 383
 384     Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
 385
 386     port        - port # for CS4231 chip
 387     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
 388     irq         - IRQ # for CS4231 chip
 389     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
 390     dma1        - first DMA # for CS4231 chip
 391     dma2        - second DMA # for CS4231 chip
 392
 393     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
 394     thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
 395
 396     The power-management is supported.
 397
 398   Module snd-cs4232
 399   -----------------
 400
 401     Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A ISA chips.
 402
 403     port        - port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
 404     cport       - control port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
 405     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
 406     fm_port     - FM port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
 407     irq         - IRQ # for CS4232 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
 408     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
 409     dma1        - first DMA # for CS4232 chip (0,1,3)
 410     dma2        - second DMA # for Yamaha CS4232 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
 411     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
 412
 413     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
 414     thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
 415
 416     The power-management is supported.
 417
 418   Module snd-cs4236
 419   -----------------
 420
 421     Module for sound cards based on CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/
 422                                    CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
 423
 424     port        - port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
 425     cport       - control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
 426     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
 427     fm_port     - FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
 428     irq         - IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
 429     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
 430     dma1        - first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
 431     dma2        - second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
 432     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
 433
 434     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
 435     (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
 436     specified!!! Other ports are optional.
 437
 438     The power-management is supported.
 439
 440   Module snd-cs4281
 441   -----------------
 442
 443     Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
 444
 445     dual_codec  - Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
 446
 447     This module supports multiple cards.
 448
 449     The power-management is supported.
 450
 451   Module snd-cs46xx
 452   -----------------
 453
 454     Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
 455                                        CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
 456
 457     external_amp     - Force to enable external amplifier.
 458     thinkpad         - Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
 459     mmap_valid       - Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
 460
 461     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 462     Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
 463     from PCI sub vendor/device ids.  If they don't work, give the options
 464     above explicitly.
 465
 466     The power-management is supported.
 467
 468   Module snd-cs5535audio
 469   ----------------------
 470
 471     Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device
 472
 473     The power-management is supported.
 474
 475   Module snd-darla20
 476   ------------------
 477
 478     Module for Echoaudio Darla20
 479
 480     This module supports multiple cards.
 481     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 482
 483   Module snd-darla24
 484   ------------------
 485
 486     Module for Echoaudio Darla24
 487
 488     This module supports multiple cards.
 489     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 490
 491   Module snd-dt019x
 492   -----------------
 493
 494     Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
 495     only)
 496
 497     port        - Port # (PnP setup)
 498     mpu_port    - Port # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
 499     fm_port     - Port # for FM OPL-3 (PnP setup)
 500     irq         - IRQ # (PnP setup)
 501     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
 502     dma8        - DMA # (PnP setup)
 503
 504     This module supports multiple cards.  This module is enabled only with
 505     ISA PnP support.
 506
 507     The power-management is supported.
 508
 509   Module snd-dummy
 510   ----------------
 511
 512     Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
 513     or input, but you may use this module for any application which
 514     requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
 515
 516     The power-management is supported.
 517
 518   Module snd-echo3g
 519   -----------------
 520
 521     Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)
 522
 523     This module supports multiple cards.
 524     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 525
 526   Module snd-emu10k1
 527   ------------------
 528
 529     Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
 530                         * Sound Blaster Live!
 531                         * Sound Blaster PCI 512
 532                         * Emu APS (partially supported)
 533                         * Sound Blaster Audigy
 534
 535     extin   - bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
 536     extout  - bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
 537     seq_ports - allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
 538     max_synth_voices - limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
 539     max_buffer_size  - specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers
 540                        given in MB unit.  Default value is 128.
 541     enable_ir - enable IR
 542
 543     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 544
 545     Input & Output configurations                       [extin/extout]
 546         * Creative Card wo/Digital out                  [0x0003/0x1f03]
 547         * Creative Card w/Digital out                   [0x0003/0x1f0f]
 548         * Creative Card w/Digital CD in                 [0x000f/0x1f0f]
 549         * Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive      [0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
 550         * Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive       [0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
 551         * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive     [0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
 552         * Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2  [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
 553         * Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2   [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
 554         * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
 555         * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive   [0x3fc3/0x1fff]
 556         * Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003                    [0x3fc3/0x7cff]
 557         * Creative Card all ins and outs                [0x3fff/0x7fff]
 558
 559     The power-management is supported.
 560
 561   Module snd-emu10k1x
 562   -------------------
 563
 564     Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
 565
 566     This module supports multiple cards.
 567
 568   Module snd-ens1370
 569   ------------------
 570
 571     Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
 572                         * SoundBlaster PCI 64
 573                         * SoundBlaster PCI 128
 574
 575     joystick            - Enable joystick (default off)
 576
 577     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 578
 579     The power-management is supported.
 580
 581   Module snd-ens1371
 582   ------------------
 583
 584     Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
 585                         * SoundBlaster PCI 64
 586                         * SoundBlaster PCI 128
 587                         * SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
 588
 589     joystick_port       - port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218),
 590                           0 = disable (default), 1 = auto-detect
 591
 592     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 593
 594     The power-management is supported.
 595
 596   Module snd-es968
 597   ----------------
 598
 599     Module for sound cards based on ESS ES968 chip (PnP only).
 600
 601     port        - port # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
 602     irq         - IRQ # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
 603     dma1        - DMA # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
 604
 605     This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
 606
 607     The power-management is supported.
 608
 609   Module snd-es1688
 610   -----------------
 611
 612     Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
 613
 614     port        - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
 615     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
 616     irq         - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
 617     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
 618     dma8        - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
 619
 620     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
 621
 622   Module snd-es18xx
 623   -----------------
 624
 625     Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
 626
 627     port        - port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
 628     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
 629     fm_port     - port # for FM (optional, not used)
 630     irq         - IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
 631     dma1        - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
 632     dma2        - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
 633     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
 634
 635     This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
 636     port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
 637     When dma2 is equal with dma1, the driver works as half-duplex.
 638
 639     The power-management is supported.
 640
 641   Module snd-es1938
 642   -----------------
 643
 644     Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
 645
 646     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 647
 648     The power-management is supported.
 649
 650   Module snd-es1968
 651   -----------------
 652
 653     Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
 654
 655     total_bufsize       - total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
 656     pcm_substreams_p    - playback channels (1-8, default=2)
 657     pcm_substreams_c    - capture channels (1-8, default=0)
 658     clock               - clock (0 = auto-detection)
 659     use_pm              - support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on,
 660                           2 = auto (default))
 661     enable_mpu          - enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
 662     joystick            - enable joystick (default off)
 663
 664     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 665
 666     The power-management is supported.
 667
 668   Module snd-fm801
 669   ----------------
 670
 671     Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
 672
 673     tea575x_tuner       - Enable TEA575x tuner
 674                           - 1 = MediaForte 256-PCS
 675                           - 2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR
 676                           - 3 = MediaForte 64-PCR
 677                           - High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1
 678                           - example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
 679
 680     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 681
 682     The power-management is supported.
 683
 684   Module snd-gina20
 685   -----------------
 686
 687     Module for Echoaudio Gina20
 688
 689     This module supports multiple cards.
 690     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 691
 692   Module snd-gina24
 693   -----------------
 694
 695     Module for Echoaudio Gina24
 696
 697     This module supports multiple cards.
 698     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 699
 700   Module snd-gusclassic
 701   ---------------------
 702
 703     Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
 704
 705     port        - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
 706     irq         - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
 707     dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
 708     dma2        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
 709     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
 710     voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
 711     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
 712
 713     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 714
 715   Module snd-gusextreme
 716   ---------------------
 717
 718     Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
 719
 720     port        - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
 721     gf1_port    - port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
 722     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
 723     irq         - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
 724     gf1_irq     - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
 725     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
 726     dma8        - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
 727     dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
 728     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
 729     voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
 730     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
 731
 732     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
 733
 734   Module snd-gusmax
 735   -----------------
 736
 737     Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
 738
 739     port        - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
 740     irq         - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
 741     dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
 742     dma2        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
 743     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
 744     voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
 745     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
 746
 747     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 748
 749   Module snd-hda-intel
 750   --------------------
 751
 752     Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8),
 753                 ATI SB450, SB600, RS600,
 754                 VIA VT8251/VT8237A,
 755                 SIS966, ULI M5461
 756
 757     model       - force the model name
 758     position_fix - Fix DMA pointer (0 = auto, 1 = none, 2 = POSBUF, 3 = FIFO size)
 759     single_cmd  - Use single immediate commands to communicate with
 760                 codecs (for debugging only)
 761
 762     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
 763
 764     Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
 765     If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
 766     configuration is set up.  You can pass "model=<name>" option to
 767     specify a certain model in such a case.  There are different
 768     models depending on the codec chip.
 769
 770           Model name    Description
 771           ----------    -----------
 772         ALC880
 773           3stack        3-jack in back and a headphone out
 774           3stack-digout 3-jack in back, a HP out and a SPDIF out
 775           5stack        5-jack in back, 2-jack in front
 776           5stack-digout 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, a SPDIF out
 777           6stack        6-jack in back, 2-jack in front
 778           6stack-digout 6-jack with a SPDIF out
 779           w810          3-jack
 780           z71v          3-jack (HP shared SPDIF)
 781           asus          3-jack (ASUS Mobo)
 782           asus-w1v      ASUS W1V
 783           asus-dig      ASUS with SPDIF out
 784           asus-dig2     ASUS with SPDIF out (using GPIO2)
 785           uniwill       3-jack
 786           F1734         2-jack
 787           lg            LG laptop (m1 express dual)
 788           lg-lw         LG LW20/LW25 laptop
 789           tcl           TCL S700
 790           clevo         Clevo laptops (m520G, m665n)
 791           test          for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can be
 792                         adjusted.  Appearing only when compiled with
 793                         $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
 794           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 795
 796         ALC260
 797           hp            HP machines
 798           hp-3013       HP machines (3013-variant)
 799           fujitsu       Fujitsu S7020
 800           acer          Acer TravelMate
 801           basic         fixed pin assignment (old default model)
 802           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 803
 804         ALC262
 805           fujitsu       Fujitsu Laptop
 806           hp-bpc        HP xw4400/6400/8400/9400 laptops
 807           benq          Benq ED8
 808           basic         fixed pin assignment w/o SPDIF
 809           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 810
 811         ALC882/885
 812           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF I/O
 813           6stck-dig     6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O
 814           arima         Arima W820Di1
 815           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 816
 817         ALC883/888
 818           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF I/O
 819           6stack-dig    6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O
 820           3stack-6ch    3-jack 6-channel
 821           3stack-6ch-dig 3-jack 6-channel with SPDIF I/O
 822           6stack-dig-demo  6-jack digital for Intel demo board
 823           acer          Acer laptops (Travelmate 3012WTMi, Aspire 5600, etc)
 824           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 825
 826         ALC861/660
 827           3stack        3-jack
 828           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF I/O
 829           6stack-dig    6-jack with SPDIF I/O
 830           3stack-660    3-jack (for ALC660)
 831           uniwill-m31   Uniwill M31 laptop
 832           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 833
 834         CMI9880
 835           minimal       3-jack in back
 836           min_fp        3-jack in back, 2-jack in front
 837           full          6-jack in back, 2-jack in front
 838           full_dig      6-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF I/O
 839           allout        5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF out
 840           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 841
 842         AD1981
 843           basic         3-jack (default)
 844           hp            HP nx6320
 845           thinkpad      Lenovo Thinkpad T60/X60/Z60
 846
 847         AD1986A
 848           6stack        6-jack, separate surrounds (default)
 849           3stack        3-stack, shared surrounds
 850           laptop        2-channel only (FSC V2060, Samsung M50)
 851           laptop-eapd   2-channel with EAPD (Samsung R65, ASUS A6J)
 852
 853         AD1988
 854           6stack        6-jack
 855           6stack-dig    ditto with SPDIF
 856           3stack        3-jack
 857           3stack-dig    ditto with SPDIF
 858           laptop        3-jack with hp-jack automute
 859           laptop-dig    ditto with SPDIF
 860           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 861
 862         STAC9200/9205/9220/9221/9254
 863           ref           Reference board
 864           3stack        D945 3stack
 865           5stack        D945 5stack + SPDIF
 866
 867         STAC9227/9228/9229/927x
 868           ref           Reference board
 869           3stack        D965 3stack
 870           5stack        D965 5stack + SPDIF
 871
 872         STAC9872
 873           vaio          Setup for VAIO FE550G/SZ110
 874           vaio-ar Setup for VAIO AR
 875
 876     If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
 877     matches with your device, report it together with the PCI
 878     subsystem ID (output of "lspci -nv") to ALSA BTS or alsa-devel
 879     ML (see the section "Links and Addresses").
 880
 881     Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
 882             position_fix=1 or 2.  position_fix=1 will use the SD_LPIB
 883             register value without FIFO size correction as the current
 884             DMA pointer.  position_fix=2 will make the driver to use
 885             the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
 886             (Usually SD_LPLIB register is more accurate than the
 887             position buffer.)
 888
 889     NB: If you get many "azx_get_response timeout" messages at
 890     loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
 891     routing).  Try to boot with options like "pci=noacpi".  Also, you
 892     can try "single_cmd=1" module option.  This will switch the
 893     communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
 894     single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB.  Basically, the
 895     single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
 896     unsolicited events, too.  But, at least, this works independently
 897     from the irq.  Remember this is a last resort, and should be
 898     avoided as much as possible...
 899
 900     The power-management is supported.
 901
 902   Module snd-hdsp
 903   ---------------
 904
 905     Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
 906
 907     This module supports multiple cards.
 908
 909     Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
 910           when CONFIG_FW_LOADER is set.  Otherwise, you need to load
 911           the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
 912           package.
 913           The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
 914
 915     Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
 916           module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
 917           when any HDSP cards are found.  To make the buffer
 918           allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
 919           stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
 920           section.
 921
 922   Module snd-hdspm
 923   ----------------
 924
 925     Module for RME HDSP MADI board.
 926
 927     precise_ptr         - Enable precise pointer, or disable.
 928     line_outs_monitor   - Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
 929     enable_monitor      - Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.
 930
 931     See hdspm.txt for details.
 932
 933   Module snd-ice1712
 934   ------------------
 935
 936     Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
 937                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
 938                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
 939                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
 940                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
 941                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
 942                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
 943                         * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
 944                         * TerraTec EWS 88MT
 945                         * TerraTec EWS 88D
 946                         * TerraTec EWX 24/96
 947                         * TerraTec DMX 6Fire
 948                         * TerraTec Phase 88
 949                         * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
 950                         * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
 951                         * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
 952                         * Event Electronics, EZ8
 953                         * Digigram VX442
 954                         * Lionstracs, Mediastaton
 955
 956     model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
 957                   delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
 958                   delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
 959                   dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
 960                   phase88, mediastation
 961     omni        - Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
 962     cs8427_timeout - reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transciever)
 963                      in msec resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
 964
 965     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe. Note: The consumer part
 966     is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for example in the MidiMan Delta
 967     serie).
 968
 969     Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
 970           SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
 971           model by passing "model" module option in case that the
 972           driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
 973           type for testing.
 974
 975   Module snd-ice1724
 976   ------------------
 977
 978     Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
 979                         * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
 980                         * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
 981                         * AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
 982                         * TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
 983                         * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
 984                         * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
 985                         * TerraTec Phase 22
 986                         * TerraTec Phase 28
 987                         * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
 988                         * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1LT
 989                         * AudioTrak Prodigy 192
 990                         * Pontis MS300
 991                         * Albatron K8X800 Pro II
 992                         * Chaintech ZNF3-150
 993                         * Chaintech ZNF3-250
 994                         * Chaintech 9CJS
 995                         * Chaintech AV-710
 996                         * Shuttle SN25P
 997
 998     model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
 999                   revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
1000                   prodigy192, aureon51, aureon71, universe,
1001                   k8x800, phase22, phase28, ms300, av710
1002
1003     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1004
1005     Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1006           SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
1007           model by passing "model" module option in case that the
1008           driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1009           type for testing.
1010
1011   Module snd-indigo
1012   -----------------
1013
1014     Module for Echoaudio Indigo
1015
1016     This module supports multiple cards.
1017     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1018
1019   Module snd-indigodj
1020   -------------------
1021
1022     Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ
1023
1024     This module supports multiple cards.
1025     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1026
1027   Module snd-indigoio
1028   -------------------
1029
1030     Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO
1031
1032     This module supports multiple cards.
1033     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1034
1035   Module snd-intel8x0
1036   -------------------
1037
1038     Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
1039                         * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
1040                                 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, ESB2
1041                         * SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
1042                         * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804
1043                                  CK8, CK8S, MCP501
1044                         * AMD AMD768, AMD8111
1045                         * ALi m5455
1046
1047     ac97_clock    - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1048     ac97_quirk    - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
1049                     See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
1050     buggy_irq     - Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some
1051                     motherboards (default yes on nForce chips,
1052                     otherwise off)
1053     buggy_semaphore - Enable workaround for hardwares with buggy
1054                     semaphores (e.g. on some ASUS laptops)
1055                     (default off)
1056
1057     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1058
1059     Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
1060     if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
1061     explicitly via the module option "ac97_clock=41194".
1062
1063     Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver.  If your
1064     motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
1065     modules, respectively.
1066
1067     The power-management is supported.
1068
1069   Module snd-intel8x0m
1070   --------------------
1071
1072     Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
1073                         * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
1074                                 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7
1075                         * SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
1076                         * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
1077                         * AMD AMD8111
1078                         * ALi m5455
1079
1080     ac97_clock    - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1081
1082     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1083
1084     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1085           slot is excluded.
1086
1087     The power-management is supported.
1088
1089   Module snd-interwave
1090   --------------------
1091
1092     Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
1093     and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
1094
1095     port        - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1096     irq         - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1097     dma1        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1098     dma2        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1099     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1100     midi        - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1101     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1102     effect      - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
1103                   requires 8 voices
1104
1105     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1106
1107   Module snd-interwave-stb
1108   ------------------------
1109
1110     Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
1111     and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
1112     circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
1113
1114     port        - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1115     port_tc     - tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
1116     irq         - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1117     dma1        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1118     dma2        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1119     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1120     midi        - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1121     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1122     effect      - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
1123                   requires 8 voices
1124
1125     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1126
1127   Module snd-korg1212
1128   -------------------
1129
1130     Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
1131
1132     This module supports multiple cards.
1133
1134   Module snd-layla20
1135   ------------------
1136
1137     Module for Echoaudio Layla20
1138
1139     This module supports multiple cards.
1140     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1141
1142   Module snd-layla24
1143   ------------------
1144
1145     Module for Echoaudio Layla24
1146
1147     This module supports multiple cards.
1148     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1149
1150   Module snd-maestro3
1151   -------------------
1152
1153     Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
1154
1155     external_amp     - enable external amp (enabled by default)
1156     amp_gpio         - GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or
1157                        -1 for default pin (8 for allegro, 1 for
1158                        others)
1159
1160     This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
1161
1162     Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
1163     If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
1164     specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option.
1165     For example, a Panasonic notebook might need "amp_gpio=0x0d"
1166     option.
1167
1168     The power-management is supported.
1169
1170   Module snd-mia
1171   ---------------
1172
1173     Module for Echoaudio Mia
1174
1175     This module supports multiple cards.
1176     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1177
1178   Module snd-miro
1179   ---------------
1180
1181     Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro,
1182                                 miroSOUND PCM 12,
1183                                 miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.
1184
1185     port        - Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
1186     irq         - IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
1187     dma1        - 1st dma # (0,1,3)
1188     dma2        - 2nd dma # (0,1)
1189     mpu_port    - MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1190     mpu_irq     - MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
1191     fm_port     - FM Port # (0x388)
1192     wss         - enable WSS mode
1193     ide         - enable onboard ide support
1194
1195   Module snd-mixart
1196   -----------------
1197
1198     Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
1199
1200     This module supports multiple cards.
1201     Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
1202           See MIXART.txt for details.
1203
1204     When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1205     is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1206     Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1207     When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1208     firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
1209
1210   Module snd-mona
1211   ---------------
1212
1213     Module for Echoaudio Mona
1214
1215     This module supports multiple cards.
1216     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1217
1218   Module snd-mpu401
1219   -----------------
1220
1221     Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
1222
1223     port        - port number or -1 (disable)
1224     irq         - IRQ number or -1 (disable)
1225     pnp         - PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1226
1227     This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
1228
1229   Module snd-mtpav
1230   ----------------
1231
1232     Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
1233     port).
1234
1235     port        - I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
1236     irq         - IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
1237     hwports     - number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
1238
1239     Module supports only 1 card.  This module has no enable option.
1240
1241   Module snd-mts64
1242   ----------------
1243
1244     Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140
1245
1246     This module supports multiple devices.
1247     Requires parport (CONFIG_PARPORT).
1248
1249   Module snd-nm256
1250   ----------------
1251
1252     Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
1253
1254     playback_bufsize - max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1255     capture_bufsize  - max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1256     force_ac97       - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1257     buffer_top       - specify buffer top address
1258     use_cache        - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1259     vaio_hack        - alias buffer_top=0x25a800
1260     reset_workaround - enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
1261     reset_workaround2 - enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some
1262                       other laptops
1263
1264     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1265
1266     The power-management is supported.
1267
1268     Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
1269     automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
1270     In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicity via
1271     buffer_top option.
1272     For example,
1273       Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
1274       Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
1275     The driver supports only ac97 codec.  It's possible to force
1276     to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected.  In such a
1277     case, use force_ac97=1 option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
1278     works!
1279
1280     Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
1281     codecs.  This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
1282     with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
1283     even though the device is detected in lspci.  In such a case, try
1284     other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2.  Some has ISA-PnP
1285     but some doesn't have ISA PnP.  You'll need to specify isapnp=0
1286     and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
1287
1288     Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET.  For the
1289     known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
1290     workaround is enabled automatically.  For other laptops with a
1291     hard freeze, you can try reset_workaround=1 option.
1292
1293     Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
1294     AC97 RESET.  On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
1295     turned on as default.  This option is worth to try if the
1296     previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.
1297
1298     Note: This driver is really crappy.  It's a porting from the
1299     OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
1300     The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
1301     X-server as described above.  You might be able to force to load
1302     the module, but it may result in hang-up.   Hence, make sure that
1303     you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
1304     problem.
1305
1306   Module snd-opl3sa2
1307   ------------------
1308
1309     Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
1310
1311     port        - control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
1312     sb_port     - SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
1313     wss_port    - WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1314     midi_port   - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1315     fm_port     - FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
1316     irq         - IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
1317     dma1        - first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
1318     dma2        - second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
1319     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1320
1321     This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.  It does not support
1322     autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
1323
1324     The power-management is supported.
1325
1326   Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
1327   -------------------------
1328
1329     Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
1330     Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
1331
1332     port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1333     mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1334     fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1335     irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1336     mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1337     dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1338
1339     This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1340
1341   Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
1342   -------------------------
1343
1344     Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
1345
1346     port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1347     mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1348     fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1349     irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1350     mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1351     dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1352     dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1353
1354     This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1355
1356   Module snd-opti93x
1357   ------------------
1358
1359     Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
1360
1361     port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1362     mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1363     fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1364     irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1365     mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1366     dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1367     dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1368
1369     This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1370
1371   Module snd-pcxhr
1372   ----------------
1373
1374     Module for Digigram PCXHR boards
1375
1376     This module supports multiple cards.
1377
1378   Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
1379   ---------------------------------
1380
1381     Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
1382
1383     enable_beep     - enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
1384
1385     Module supports autoprobe a chip.
1386
1387     Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianess.
1388
1389     The power-management is supported.
1390
1391   Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
1392   ------------------------------------
1393
1394     Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip
1395
1396     For ARM architecture only.
1397
1398     The power-management is supported.
1399
1400   Module snd-riptide
1401   ------------------
1402
1403     Module for Conexant Riptide chip
1404
1405       joystick_port     - Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
1406       mpu_port          - MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
1407       opl3_port         - OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)
1408
1409     This module supports multiple cards.
1410     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1411     You need to install the firmware file "riptide.hex" to the standard
1412     firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).
1413
1414   Module snd-rme32
1415   ----------------
1416
1417     Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32,
1418     Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
1419
1420     This module supports multiple cards.
1421
1422   Module snd-rme96
1423   ----------------
1424
1425     Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
1426
1427     This module supports multiple cards.
1428
1429   Module snd-rme9652
1430   ------------------
1431
1432     Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
1433
1434     precise_ptr - Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably).
1435                   (default = 0)
1436
1437     This module supports multiple cards.
1438
1439     Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1440           module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
1441           when any RME9652 cards are found.  To make the buffer
1442           allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1443           stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
1444           section.
1445
1446   Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
1447   ---------------------------------------
1448
1449     Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
1450
1451     Module supports only one card.
1452     Module has no enable and index options.
1453
1454     The power-management is supported.
1455
1456   Module snd-sb8
1457   --------------
1458
1459     Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0,
1460                                          SoundBlaster 2.0,
1461                                          SoundBlaster Pro
1462
1463     port        - port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1464     irq         - IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
1465     dma8        - DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1466
1467     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1468
1469     The power-management is supported.
1470
1471   Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
1472   -----------------------------
1473
1474     Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
1475                                           SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP),
1476                                           SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
1477
1478     port        - port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1479     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1480     awe_port    - base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660)
1481                    (snd-sbawe module only)
1482     irq         - IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
1483     dma8        - 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
1484     dma16       - 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
1485     mic_agc     - Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1486     csp         - ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1487     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1488
1489     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1490
1491     Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
1492           disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
1493           Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
1494           half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
1495           16-bit DMA channel.
1496
1497     The power-management is supported.
1498
1499   Module snd-sgalaxy
1500   ------------------
1501
1502     Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy sound card.
1503
1504     sbport      - Port # for SB16 interface (0x220,0x240)
1505     wssport     - Port # for WSS interface (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1506     irq         - IRQ # (7,9,10,11)
1507     dma1        - DMA #
1508
1509     This module supports multiple cards.
1510
1511     The power-management is supported.
1512
1513   Module snd-sscape
1514   -----------------
1515
1516     Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape PnP cards.
1517
1518     port        - Port # (PnP setup)
1519     irq         - IRQ # (PnP setup)
1520     mpu_irq     - MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
1521     dma         - DMA # (PnP setup)
1522
1523     This module supports multiple cards.  ISA PnP must be enabled.
1524     You need sscape_ctl tool in alsa-tools package for loading
1525     the microcode.
1526
1527   Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
1528   --------------------------------------
1529
1530     Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
1531
1532     This module supports multiple cards.
1533
1534   Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
1535   -------------------------------------
1536
1537     Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
1538
1539     This module supports multiple cards.
1540
1541   Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
1542   -----------------------------------
1543
1544     Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.
1545
1546     This module supports multiple cards.
1547
1548   Module snd-wavefront
1549   --------------------
1550
1551     Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
1552
1553     cs4232_pcm_port - Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1554     cs4232_pcm_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
1555     cs4232_mpu_port - Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
1556     cs4232_mpu_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
1557     use_cs4232_midi - Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
1558                       (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
1559     ics2115_port    - Port # for ICS2115
1560     ics2115_irq     - IRQ # for ICS2115
1561     fm_port         - FM OPL-3 Port #
1562     dma1            - DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1563     dma2            - DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1564     isapnp          - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1565
1566     This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.
1567
1568   Module snd-sonicvibes
1569   ---------------------
1570
1571     Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
1572                         * PINE Schubert 32 PCI
1573
1574     reverb    - Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
1575                   - SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
1576     mge       - Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
1577
1578     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1579
1580   Module snd-serial-u16550
1581   ------------------------
1582
1583     Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
1584
1585     port        - port # for UART16550A chip
1586     irq         - IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
1587     speed       - speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
1588                   38400 = default
1589     base        - base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
1590                   115200 = default
1591     outs        - number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
1592                   1 = default
1593     adaptor     - Type of adaptor.
1594                   0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
1595                   3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
1596
1597     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
1598     thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
1599
1600   Module snd-trident
1601   ------------------
1602
1603     Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
1604                         * Best Union  Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
1605                         * HIS  4DWave PCI
1606                         * Warpspeed  ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
1607                         * AzTech  PCI 64-Q3D
1608                         * Addonics  SV 750
1609                         * CHIC  True Sound 4Dwave
1610                         * Shark  Predator4D-PCI
1611                         * Jaton  SonicWave 4D
1612
1613     pcm_channels   - max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
1614     wavetable_size - max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
1615
1616     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1617
1618     The power-management is supported.
1619
1620   Module snd-usb-audio
1621   --------------------
1622
1623     Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
1624
1625     vid             - Vendor ID for the device (optional)
1626     pid             - Product ID for the device (optional)
1627     device_setup    - Device specific magic number (optional)
1628                     - Influence depends on the device
1629                     - Default: 0x0000
1630
1631     This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1632
1633   Module snd-usb-usx2y
1634   --------------------
1635
1636     Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
1637
1638     This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1639
1640     Note: you need to load the firmware via usx2yloader utility included
1641           in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
1642
1643   Module snd-via82xx
1644   ------------------
1645
1646     Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233,
1647     8233A, 8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.
1648
1649     mpu_port    - 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
1650                   [VIA686A/686B only]
1651     joystick    - Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
1652     ac97_clock  - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
1653     dxs_support - support DXS channels,
1654                   0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
1655                   3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample
1656                   rate and different sample rates on different
1657                   channels
1658                   [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
1659     ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
1660                   See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
1661
1662     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1663
1664     Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
1665           not be generated properly.  In such a case, please try to
1666           set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
1667           default value 1.4.  Then the interrupt number will be
1668           assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
1669
1670     Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
1671           channels as the first PCM.  On these channels, up to 4
1672           streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
1673           can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
1674           each channel.
1675           As default (dxs_support = 0), 48k fixed rate is chosen
1676           except for the known devices since the output is often
1677           noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
1678           bug of BIOS.
1679           Please try once dxs_support=5 and if it works on other
1680           sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
1681           know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
1682           "lspci -nv").
1683           If dxs_support=5 does not work, try dxs_support=4; if it
1684           doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1.  (dxs_support=1 is
1685           usually for old motherboards.  The correct implemented
1686           board should work with 4 or 5.)  If it still doesn't
1687           work and the default setting is ok, dxs_support=3 is the
1688           right choice.  If the default setting doesn't work at all,
1689           try dxs_support=2 to disable the DXS channels.
1690           In any cases, please let us know the result and the
1691           subsystem vendor/device ids.  See "Links and Addresses"
1692           below.
1693
1694     Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
1695           additionally.  The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
1696
1697     The power-management is supported.
1698
1699   Module snd-via82xx-modem
1700   ------------------------
1701
1702     Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
1703
1704     ac97_clock  - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
1705
1706     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1707
1708     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1709           slot is excluded.
1710
1711     The power-management is supported.
1712
1713   Module snd-virmidi
1714   ------------------
1715
1716     Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
1717     This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
1718     to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
1719
1720     midi_devs   - MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
1721
1722     This module supports multiple cards.
1723
1724   Module snd-vx222
1725   ----------------
1726
1727     Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
1728
1729     mic         - Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
1730     ibl         - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
1731
1732     This module supports multiple cards.
1733
1734     When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1735     is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1736     Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1737     When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1738     firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.  To invoke
1739     vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.conf
1740
1741         install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222 && /usr/bin/vxloader
1742
1743     (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add "post-install /usr/bin/vxloader" to
1744      /etc/modules.conf, instead.)
1745     IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM.  The smaller size
1746     gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
1747     The size is usually aligned to 126.  As default (=0), the smallest
1748     size is chosen.  The possible IBL values can be found in
1749     /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
1750
1751     The power-management is supported.
1752
1753   Module snd-vxpocket
1754   -------------------
1755
1756     Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.
1757
1758     ibl      - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
1759
1760     This module supports multiple cards.  The module is compiled only when
1761     PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
1762
1763     With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
1764     manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf.  See the
1765     sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c.  2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
1766     longer require a config file.
1767
1768     When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1769     is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1770     Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1771     When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1772     firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
1773
1774     About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
1775
1776     Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
1777            ALSA 1.0.10.
1778
1779     The power-management is supported.
1780
1781   Module snd-ymfpci
1782   -----------------
1783
1784     Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
1785
1786     mpu_port      - 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
1787                     1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
1788     fm_port       - 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
1789                     1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
1790     joystick_port - 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
1791                     1 (auto-detect)
1792     rear_switch   - enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
1793
1794     This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
1795
1796     The power-management is supported.
1797
1798   Module snd-pdaudiocf
1799   --------------------
1800
1801     Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
1802
1803     The power-management is supported.
1804
1805
1806 AC97 Quirk Option
1807 =================
1808
1809 The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
1810 specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
1811 snd-intel8x0.  Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
1812 and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
1813 specifications from version to version :-)
1814
1815 The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
1816 but some might be unknown or wrongly detected.  In such a case, pass
1817 the proper value with this option.
1818
1819 The following strings are accepted:
1820     - default   Don't override the default setting
1821     - none      Disable the quirk
1822     - hp_only   Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
1823     - swap_hp   Swap headphone and master controls
1824     - swap_surround  Swap master and surround controls
1825     - ad_sharing  For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
1826     - alc_jack  For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
1827     - inv_eapd  Inverted EAPD implementation
1828     - mute_led  Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
1829
1830 For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0,
1831 ... are  accepted, too.
1832
1833 For example, if "Master" volume control has no effect on your device
1834 but only "Headphone" does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.
1835
1836
1837 Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
1838 ============================
1839
1840 When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
1841 supporting the isapnp cards will have module options "isapnp".
1842 If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
1843 For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass "isapnp=0" option
1844 together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
1845
1846 When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
1847 will be not built in.
1848
1849
1850 Module Autoloading Support
1851 ==========================
1852
1853 The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
1854 module aliases.  The string 'snd-card-%1' is requested for ALSA native
1855 devices where %i is sound card number from zero to seven.
1856
1857 To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
1858 'sound-slot-%i' where %i means the slot number for OSS, which
1859 corresponds to the card index of ALSA.  Usually, define this
1860 as the same card module.
1861
1862 An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
1863 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
1864 alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
1865 alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
1866 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
1867
1868 The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
1869 option "cards_limit" of snd module.  As default it's set to 1.
1870 To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
1871 sound cards in that option.
1872
1873 When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
1874 number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
1875 cards is kept consistent.
1876
1877 An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
1878
1879 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
1880 # ALSA portion
1881 options snd cards_limit=2
1882 alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
1883 alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
1884 options snd-interwave index=0
1885 options snd-ens1371 index=1
1886 # OSS/Free portion
1887 alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
1888 alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
1889 ----- /etc/moprobe.conf
1890
1891 In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
1892 (index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
1893
1894
1895 ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
1896 =======================================
1897
1898 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
1899 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp)     -> minor 3
1900 /dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp)   -> minor 12
1901 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio1              -> minor 4+16 = 20
1902 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp1                -> minor 3+16 = 19
1903 /dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp1               -> minor 12+16 = 28
1904 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio2              -> minor 4+32 = 36
1905 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp2                -> minor 3+32 = 39
1906 /dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp2               -> minor 12+32 = 44
1907
1908 The first number from /dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p] expression means
1909 sound card number and second means device number.  The ALSA devices
1910 have either 'c' or 'p' suffix indicating the direction, capture and
1911 playback, respectively.
1912
1913 Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
1914 options of snd-pcm-oss module.
1915
1916
1917 DEVFS support
1918 =============
1919
1920 The ALSA driver fully supports the devfs extension.
1921 You should add lines below to your devfsd.conf file:
1922
1923 LOOKUP snd MODLOAD ACTION snd
1924 REGISTER ^sound/.* PERMISSIONS root.audio 660
1925 REGISTER ^snd/.* PERMISSIONS root.audio 660
1926
1927 Warning: These lines assume that you have the audio group in your system.
1928          Otherwise replace audio word with another group name (root for
1929          example).
1930
1931
1932 Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
1933 ==============================
1934
1935 /proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
1936 -------------------------------
1937   String "erase" - erase all additional informations about OSS applications
1938   String "<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]"
1939
1940    <app_name> - name of application with (higher priority) or without path
1941    <fragments> - number of fragments or zero if auto
1942    <fragment_size> - size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
1943    <options> - optional parameters
1944           - disable   the application tries to open a pcm device for
1945                       this channel but does not want to use it.
1946                       (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
1947                       It's good for Quake etc...
1948           - direct    don't use plugins
1949           - block     force block mode (rvplayer)
1950           - non-block force non-block mode
1951           - whole-frag  write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
1952                         playback only)
1953           - no-silence  do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
1954           - buggy-ptr   Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
1955                         instead of filled blocks
1956
1957   Example: echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
1958            echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
1959            echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
1960
1961
1962 Early Buffer Allocation
1963 =======================
1964
1965 Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
1966 sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
1967 actually loaded due to memory fragmentation.  You can pre-allocate the
1968 PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
1969 proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
1970 /etc/init.d/*.local scripts.
1971
1972 Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
1973 usage of page allocation.  In writing, you can send the following
1974 commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:
1975
1976   - add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS
1977
1978     VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs.  They take
1979     integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
1980     MASK is the PCI DMA mask.  Pass 0 if not restricted.
1981     SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate.  You can pass
1982     k and m suffix for KB and MB.  The max number is 16MB.
1983     BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate.  It must be greater
1984     than 0.  The max number is 4.
1985
1986   - erase
1987
1988     This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
1989     use.
1990
1991
1992 Links and Addresses
1993 ===================
1994
1995   ALSA project homepage
1996        http://www.alsa-project.org
1997
1998   ALSA Bug Tracking System
1999        https://bugtrack.alsa-project.org/bugs/
2000
2001   ALSA Developers ML
2002        mailto:alsa-devel@lists.sourceforge.net