Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt

   1
   2                 Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver
   3                 ==========================================
   4                             Configuration guide
   5
   6
   7 Kernel Configuration
   8 ====================
   9
  10 To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
  11 primary sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND).  Since ALSA can emulate OSS,
  12 you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
  13
  14 Enable "OSS API emulation" (CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL) and both OSS mixer and
  15 PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
  16
  17 If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
  18 SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
  19 (CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER).
  20
  21 To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
  22 and "Debug" options.  To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
  23 too.  "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
  24
  25 Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
  26 (if the card supports ISA PnP).  You don't need to configure the cards
  27 using isapnptools.
  28
  29
  30 Creating ALSA devices
  31 =====================
  32
  33 This depends on your distribution, but normally you use the /dev/MAKEDEV
  34 script to create the necessary device nodes.  On some systems you use a
  35 script named 'snddevices'.
  36
  37
  38 Module parameters
  39 =================
  40
  41 The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
  42 one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
  43 specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
  44
  45 Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
  46
  47   Module snd
  48   ----------
  49
  50     The core ALSA module.  It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
  51     It takes the following options which have global effects.
  52
  53     major       - major number for sound driver
  54                 - Default: 116
  55     cards_limit
  56                 - limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8)
  57                 - Default: 1
  58                 - For auto-loading more than one card, specify this
  59                   option together with snd-card-X aliases.
  60     device_mode
  61                 - permission mask for dynamic sound device filesystem
  62                 - This is available only when DEVFS is enabled
  63                 - Default: 0666
  64                 - E.g.: device_mode=0660
  65
  66
  67   Module snd-pcm-oss
  68   ------------------
  69
  70     The PCM OSS emulation module.
  71     This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
  72
  73     dsp_map     - PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
  74                 - Default: 0
  75     adsp_map    - PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
  76                 - Default: 1
  77     nonblock_open
  78                 - Don't block opening busy PCM devices.  Default: 1
  79
  80     For example, when dsp_map=2, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
  81     the card #0.  Similarly, when adsp_map=0, /dev/adsp will be mapped
  82     to PCM #0 of the card #0.
  83     For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
  84     commas, such like "dsp_map=0,1".
  85
  86     nonblock_open option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
  87     regarding opening the device.  When this option is non-zero,
  88     opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
  89     immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
  90
  91   Module snd-rawmidi
  92   ------------------
  93
  94     This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
  95     similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
  96
  97     midi_map    - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
  98                 - Default: 0
  99     amidi_map   - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
 100                 - Default: 1
 101
 102   Common parameters for top sound card modules
 103   --------------------------------------------
 104
 105     Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
 106
 107     index       - index (slot #) of sound card
 108                 - Values: 0 through 31 or negative
 109                 - If nonnegative, assign that index number
 110                 - if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible
 111                   indices; the first free permitted index is assigned
 112                 - Default: -1
 113     id          - card ID (identifier or name)
 114                 - Can be up to 15 characters long
 115                 - Default: the card type
 116                 - A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
 117                   containing information about the card
 118                 - This ID can be used instead of the index number in
 119                   identifying the card
 120     enable      - enable card
 121                 - Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
 122
 123   Module snd-adlib
 124   ----------------
 125
 126     Module for AdLib FM cards.
 127
 128     port        - port # for OPL chip
 129
 130     This module supports multiple cards. It does not support autoprobe, so
 131     the port must be specified. For actual AdLib FM cards it will be 0x388.
 132     Note that this card does not have PCM support and no mixer; only FM
 133     synthesis.
 134
 135     Make sure you have "sbiload" from the alsa-tools package available and,
 136     after loading the module, find out the assigned ALSA sequencer port
 137     number through "sbiload -l". Example output:
 138
 139       Port     Client name                       Port name
 140       64:0     OPL2 FM synth                     OPL2 FM Port
 141
 142     Load the std.sb and drums.sb patches also supplied by sbiload:
 143
 144       sbiload -p 64:0 std.sb drums.sb
 145
 146     If you use this driver to drive an OPL3, you can use std.o3 and drums.o3
 147     instead. To have the card produce sound, use aplaymidi from alsa-utils:
 148
 149       aplaymidi -p 64:0 foo.mid
 150
 151   Module snd-ad1816a
 152   ------------------
 153
 154     Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
 155
 156     port        - port # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
 157     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 158     fm_port     - port # for OPL3 (PnP setup)
 159     irq         - IRQ # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
 160     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 161     dma1        - first DMA # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
 162     dma2        - second DMA # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
 163     clockfreq   - Clock frequency for AD1816A chip (default = 0, 33000Hz)
 164
 165     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
 166
 167   Module snd-ad1848
 168   -----------------
 169
 170     Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
 171
 172     port        - port # for AD1848 chip
 173     irq         - IRQ # for AD1848  chip
 174     dma1        - DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
 175
 176     This module supports multiple cards.  It does not support autoprobe
 177     thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
 178
 179     The power-management is supported.
 180
 181   Module snd-ad1889
 182   -----------------
 183
 184     Module for Analog Devices AD1889 chips.
 185
 186     ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
 187                   See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
 188
 189     This module supports multiple cards.
 190
 191   Module snd-ali5451
 192   ------------------
 193
 194     Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
 195
 196     pcm_channels    - Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
 197     spdif           - Support SPDIF I/O
 198                     - Default: disabled
 199
 200     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
 201
 202     The power-management is supported.
 203
 204   Module snd-als100
 205   -----------------
 206
 207     Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
 208
 209     port        - port # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
 210     irq         - IRQ # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
 211     dma8        - 8-bit DMA # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
 212     dma16       - 16-bit DMA # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
 213     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 214     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
 215     fm_port     - port # for OPL3 FM (PnP setup)
 216
 217     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
 218
 219     The power-management is supported.
 220
 221   Module snd-als300
 222   -----------------
 223
 224     Module for  Avance Logic ALS300 and ALS300+
 225
 226     This module supports multiple cards.
 227
 228     The power-management is supported.
 229
 230   Module snd-als4000
 231   ------------------
 232
 233     Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
 234
 235     joystick_port - port # for legacy joystick support.
 236                     0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
 237
 238     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and PnP.
 239
 240     The power-management is supported.
 241
 242   Module snd-atiixp
 243   -----------------
 244
 245     Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250/400 AC97 controllers.
 246
 247     ac97_clock          - AC'97 clock (default = 48000)
 248     ac97_quirk          - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
 249                           See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
 250     spdif_aclink        - S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
 251
 252     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
 253
 254     ATI IXP has two different methods to control SPDIF output.  One is
 255     over AC-link and another is over the "direct" SPDIF output.  The
 256     implementation depends on the motherboard, and you'll need to
 257     choose the correct one via spdif_aclink module option.
 258
 259     The power-management is supported.
 260
 261   Module snd-atiixp-modem
 262   -----------------------
 263
 264     Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
 265
 266     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
 267
 268     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
 269           slot is excluded.
 270
 271     The power-management is supported.
 272
 273   Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
 274   -----------------------------------------
 275
 276     Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
 277
 278     pcifix      - Control PCI workarounds
 279                   0 = Disable all workarounds
 280                   1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff
 281                   2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
 282                       Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge
 283                   3 = Force both settings
 284                   255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
 285
 286     This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
 287     EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
 288     Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
 289     http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
 290     SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
 291     "spdif" pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
 292     The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and
 293     Advantage.
 294
 295     Note: Some ALSA mixer applications don't handle the SPDIF sample rate
 296            control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
 297            another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
 298
 299   Module snd-azt2320
 300   ------------------
 301
 302     Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
 303
 304     port        - port # for AZT2320 chip (PnP setup)
 305     wss_port    - port # for WSS (PnP setup)
 306     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 307     fm_port     - FM port # for AZT2320 chip (PnP setup)
 308     irq         - IRQ # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
 309     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
 310     dma1        - 1st DMA # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
 311     dma2        - 2nd DMA # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
 312
 313     This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
 314
 315     The power-management is supported.
 316
 317   Module snd-azt3328
 318   ------------------
 319
 320     Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
 321
 322     joystick    - Enable joystick (default off)
 323
 324     This module supports multiple cards.
 325
 326   Module snd-bt87x
 327   ----------------
 328
 329     Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
 330
 331     digital_rate - Override the default digital rate (Hz)
 332     load_all    - Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
 333
 334     This module supports multiple cards.
 335
 336     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
 337           slot is excluded.
 338
 339   Module snd-ca0106
 340   -----------------
 341
 342     Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
 343
 344     This module supports multiple cards.
 345
 346
 347   Module snd-cmi8330
 348   ------------------
 349
 350     Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
 351
 352     wssport     - port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
 353     wssirq      - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
 354     wssdma      - first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
 355     sbport      - port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
 356     sbirq       - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
 357     sbdma8      - 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
 358     sbdma16     - 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
 359
 360     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 361
 362     The power-management is supported.
 363
 364   Module snd-cmipci
 365   -----------------
 366
 367     Module for C-Media CMI8338 and 8738 PCI sound cards.
 368
 369     mpu_port    - 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330 = legacy port,
 370                   1 = integrated PCI port,
 371                   0 = disable (default)
 372     fm_port     - 0x388 (default), 0 = disable (default)
 373     soft_ac3    - Software-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only)
 374                   (default = 1)
 375     joystick_port - Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
 376
 377     This module supports autoprobe and multiple cards.
 378
 379     The power-management is supported.
 380
 381   Module snd-cs4231
 382   -----------------
 383
 384     Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
 385
 386     port        - port # for CS4231 chip
 387     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
 388     irq         - IRQ # for CS4231 chip
 389     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
 390     dma1        - first DMA # for CS4231 chip
 391     dma2        - second DMA # for CS4231 chip
 392
 393     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
 394     thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
 395
 396     The power-management is supported.
 397
 398   Module snd-cs4232
 399   -----------------
 400
 401     Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A ISA chips.
 402
 403     port        - port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
 404     cport       - control port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
 405     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
 406     fm_port     - FM port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
 407     irq         - IRQ # for CS4232 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
 408     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
 409     dma1        - first DMA # for CS4232 chip (0,1,3)
 410     dma2        - second DMA # for Yamaha CS4232 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
 411     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
 412
 413     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
 414     thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
 415
 416     The power-management is supported.
 417
 418   Module snd-cs4236
 419   -----------------
 420
 421     Module for sound cards based on CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/
 422                                    CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
 423
 424     port        - port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
 425     cport       - control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
 426     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
 427     fm_port     - FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
 428     irq         - IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
 429     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
 430     dma1        - first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
 431     dma2        - second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
 432     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
 433
 434     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
 435     (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
 436     specified!!! Other ports are optional.
 437
 438     The power-management is supported.
 439
 440   Module snd-cs4281
 441   -----------------
 442
 443     Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
 444
 445     dual_codec  - Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
 446
 447     This module supports multiple cards.
 448
 449     The power-management is supported.
 450
 451   Module snd-cs46xx
 452   -----------------
 453
 454     Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
 455                                        CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
 456
 457     external_amp     - Force to enable external amplifier.
 458     thinkpad         - Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
 459     mmap_valid       - Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
 460
 461     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 462     Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
 463     from PCI sub vendor/device ids.  If they don't work, give the options
 464     above explicitly.
 465
 466     The power-management is supported.
 467
 468   Module snd-cs5535audio
 469   ----------------------
 470
 471     Module for multifunction CS5535 companion PCI device
 472
 473     The power-management is supported.
 474
 475   Module snd-darla20
 476   ------------------
 477
 478     Module for Echoaudio Darla20
 479
 480     This module supports multiple cards.
 481     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 482
 483   Module snd-darla24
 484   ------------------
 485
 486     Module for Echoaudio Darla24
 487
 488     This module supports multiple cards.
 489     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 490
 491   Module snd-dt019x
 492   -----------------
 493
 494     Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
 495     only)
 496
 497     port        - Port # (PnP setup)
 498     mpu_port    - Port # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
 499     fm_port     - Port # for FM OPL-3 (PnP setup)
 500     irq         - IRQ # (PnP setup)
 501     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
 502     dma8        - DMA # (PnP setup)
 503
 504     This module supports multiple cards.  This module is enabled only with
 505     ISA PnP support.
 506
 507     The power-management is supported.
 508
 509   Module snd-dummy
 510   ----------------
 511
 512     Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
 513     or input, but you may use this module for any application which
 514     requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
 515
 516     The power-management is supported.
 517
 518   Module snd-echo3g
 519   -----------------
 520
 521     Module for Echoaudio 3G cards (Gina3G/Layla3G)
 522
 523     This module supports multiple cards.
 524     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 525
 526   Module snd-emu10k1
 527   ------------------
 528
 529     Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
 530                         * Sound Blaster Live!
 531                         * Sound Blaster PCI 512
 532                         * Emu APS (partially supported)
 533                         * Sound Blaster Audigy
 534
 535     extin   - bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
 536     extout  - bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
 537     seq_ports - allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
 538     max_synth_voices - limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
 539     max_buffer_size  - specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers
 540                        given in MB unit.  Default value is 128.
 541     enable_ir - enable IR
 542
 543     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 544
 545     Input & Output configurations                       [extin/extout]
 546         * Creative Card wo/Digital out                  [0x0003/0x1f03]
 547         * Creative Card w/Digital out                   [0x0003/0x1f0f]
 548         * Creative Card w/Digital CD in                 [0x000f/0x1f0f]
 549         * Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive      [0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
 550         * Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive       [0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
 551         * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive     [0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
 552         * Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2  [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
 553         * Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2   [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
 554         * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
 555         * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive   [0x3fc3/0x1fff]
 556         * Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003                    [0x3fc3/0x7cff]
 557         * Creative Card all ins and outs                [0x3fff/0x7fff]
 558
 559     The power-management is supported.
 560
 561   Module snd-emu10k1x
 562   -------------------
 563
 564     Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
 565
 566     This module supports multiple cards.
 567
 568   Module snd-ens1370
 569   ------------------
 570
 571     Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
 572                         * SoundBlaster PCI 64
 573                         * SoundBlaster PCI 128
 574
 575     joystick            - Enable joystick (default off)
 576
 577     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 578
 579     The power-management is supported.
 580
 581   Module snd-ens1371
 582   ------------------
 583
 584     Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
 585                         * SoundBlaster PCI 64
 586                         * SoundBlaster PCI 128
 587                         * SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
 588
 589     joystick_port       - port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218),
 590                           0 = disable (default), 1 = auto-detect
 591
 592     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 593
 594     The power-management is supported.
 595
 596   Module snd-es968
 597   ----------------
 598
 599     Module for sound cards based on ESS ES968 chip (PnP only).
 600
 601     port        - port # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
 602     irq         - IRQ # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
 603     dma1        - DMA # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
 604
 605     This module supports multiple cards, PnP and autoprobe.
 606
 607     The power-management is supported.
 608
 609   Module snd-es1688
 610   -----------------
 611
 612     Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
 613
 614     port        - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
 615     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
 616     irq         - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
 617     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
 618     dma8        - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
 619
 620     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
 621
 622   Module snd-es18xx
 623   -----------------
 624
 625     Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
 626
 627     port        - port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
 628     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
 629     fm_port     - port # for FM (optional, not used)
 630     irq         - IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
 631     dma1        - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
 632     dma2        - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
 633     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
 634
 635     This module supports multiple cards, ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401
 636     port if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
 637     When dma2 is equal with dma1, the driver works as half-duplex.
 638
 639     The power-management is supported.
 640
 641   Module snd-es1938
 642   -----------------
 643
 644     Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
 645
 646     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 647
 648     The power-management is supported.
 649
 650   Module snd-es1968
 651   -----------------
 652
 653     Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
 654
 655     total_bufsize       - total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
 656     pcm_substreams_p    - playback channels (1-8, default=2)
 657     pcm_substreams_c    - capture channels (1-8, default=0)
 658     clock               - clock (0 = auto-detection)
 659     use_pm              - support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on,
 660                           2 = auto (default))
 661     enable_mpu          - enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
 662     joystick            - enable joystick (default off)
 663
 664     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 665
 666     The power-management is supported.
 667
 668   Module snd-fm801
 669   ----------------
 670
 671     Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
 672
 673     tea575x_tuner       - Enable TEA575x tuner
 674                           - 1 = MediaForte 256-PCS
 675                           - 2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR
 676                           - 3 = MediaForte 64-PCR
 677                           - High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1
 678                           - example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
 679
 680     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 681
 682     The power-management is supported.
 683
 684   Module snd-gina20
 685   -----------------
 686
 687     Module for Echoaudio Gina20
 688
 689     This module supports multiple cards.
 690     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 691
 692   Module snd-gina24
 693   -----------------
 694
 695     Module for Echoaudio Gina24
 696
 697     This module supports multiple cards.
 698     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
 699
 700   Module snd-gusclassic
 701   ---------------------
 702
 703     Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
 704
 705     port        - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
 706     irq         - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
 707     dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
 708     dma2        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
 709     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
 710     voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
 711     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
 712
 713     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 714
 715   Module snd-gusextreme
 716   ---------------------
 717
 718     Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
 719
 720     port        - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
 721     gf1_port    - port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
 722     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
 723     irq         - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
 724     gf1_irq     - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
 725     mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
 726     dma8        - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
 727     dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
 728     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
 729     voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
 730     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
 731
 732     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
 733
 734   Module snd-gusmax
 735   -----------------
 736
 737     Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
 738
 739     port        - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
 740     irq         - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
 741     dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
 742     dma2        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
 743     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
 744     voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
 745     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
 746
 747     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
 748
 749   Module snd-hda-intel
 750   --------------------
 751
 752     Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ESB2, ICH7, ICH8),
 753                 ATI SB450, SB600, RS600,
 754                 VIA VT8251/VT8237A,
 755                 SIS966, ULI M5461
 756
 757     model       - force the model name
 758     position_fix - Fix DMA pointer (0 = auto, 1 = none, 2 = POSBUF, 3 = FIFO size)
 759     single_cmd  - Use single immediate commands to communicate with
 760                 codecs (for debugging only)
 761     disable_msi - Disable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI)
 762
 763     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
 764
 765     Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
 766     If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
 767     configuration is set up.  You can pass "model=<name>" option to
 768     specify a certain model in such a case.  There are different
 769     models depending on the codec chip.
 770
 771           Model name    Description
 772           ----------    -----------
 773         ALC880
 774           3stack        3-jack in back and a headphone out
 775           3stack-digout 3-jack in back, a HP out and a SPDIF out
 776           5stack        5-jack in back, 2-jack in front
 777           5stack-digout 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, a SPDIF out
 778           6stack        6-jack in back, 2-jack in front
 779           6stack-digout 6-jack with a SPDIF out
 780           w810          3-jack
 781           z71v          3-jack (HP shared SPDIF)
 782           asus          3-jack (ASUS Mobo)
 783           asus-w1v      ASUS W1V
 784           asus-dig      ASUS with SPDIF out
 785           asus-dig2     ASUS with SPDIF out (using GPIO2)
 786           uniwill       3-jack
 787           F1734         2-jack
 788           lg            LG laptop (m1 express dual)
 789           lg-lw         LG LW20/LW25 laptop
 790           tcl           TCL S700
 791           clevo         Clevo laptops (m520G, m665n)
 792           test          for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can be
 793                         adjusted.  Appearing only when compiled with
 794                         $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y
 795           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 796
 797         ALC260
 798           hp            HP machines
 799           hp-3013       HP machines (3013-variant)
 800           fujitsu       Fujitsu S7020
 801           acer          Acer TravelMate
 802           basic         fixed pin assignment (old default model)
 803           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 804
 805         ALC262
 806           fujitsu       Fujitsu Laptop
 807           hp-bpc        HP xw4400/6400/8400/9400 laptops
 808           benq          Benq ED8
 809           basic         fixed pin assignment w/o SPDIF
 810           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 811
 812         ALC882/885
 813           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF I/O
 814           6stck-dig     6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O
 815           arima         Arima W820Di1
 816           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 817
 818         ALC883/888
 819           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF I/O
 820           6stack-dig    6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O
 821           3stack-6ch    3-jack 6-channel
 822           3stack-6ch-dig 3-jack 6-channel with SPDIF I/O
 823           6stack-dig-demo  6-jack digital for Intel demo board
 824           acer          Acer laptops (Travelmate 3012WTMi, Aspire 5600, etc)
 825           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 826
 827         ALC861/660
 828           3stack        3-jack
 829           3stack-dig    3-jack with SPDIF I/O
 830           6stack-dig    6-jack with SPDIF I/O
 831           3stack-660    3-jack (for ALC660)
 832           uniwill-m31   Uniwill M31 laptop
 833           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 834
 835         CMI9880
 836           minimal       3-jack in back
 837           min_fp        3-jack in back, 2-jack in front
 838           full          6-jack in back, 2-jack in front
 839           full_dig      6-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF I/O
 840           allout        5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF out
 841           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 842
 843         AD1981
 844           basic         3-jack (default)
 845           hp            HP nx6320
 846           thinkpad      Lenovo Thinkpad T60/X60/Z60
 847
 848         AD1986A
 849           6stack        6-jack, separate surrounds (default)
 850           3stack        3-stack, shared surrounds
 851           laptop        2-channel only (FSC V2060, Samsung M50)
 852           laptop-eapd   2-channel with EAPD (Samsung R65, ASUS A6J)
 853
 854         AD1988
 855           6stack        6-jack
 856           6stack-dig    ditto with SPDIF
 857           3stack        3-jack
 858           3stack-dig    ditto with SPDIF
 859           laptop        3-jack with hp-jack automute
 860           laptop-dig    ditto with SPDIF
 861           auto          auto-config reading BIOS (default)
 862
 863         STAC9200/9205/9220/9221/9254
 864           ref           Reference board
 865           3stack        D945 3stack
 866           5stack        D945 5stack + SPDIF
 867
 868         STAC9227/9228/9229/927x
 869           ref           Reference board
 870           3stack        D965 3stack
 871           5stack        D965 5stack + SPDIF
 872
 873         STAC9872
 874           vaio          Setup for VAIO FE550G/SZ110
 875           vaio-ar Setup for VAIO AR
 876
 877     If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above
 878     matches with your device, report it together with the PCI
 879     subsystem ID (output of "lspci -nv") to ALSA BTS or alsa-devel
 880     ML (see the section "Links and Addresses").
 881
 882     Note 2: If you get click noises on output, try the module option
 883             position_fix=1 or 2.  position_fix=1 will use the SD_LPIB
 884             register value without FIFO size correction as the current
 885             DMA pointer.  position_fix=2 will make the driver to use
 886             the position buffer instead of reading SD_LPIB register.
 887             (Usually SD_LPLIB register is more accurate than the
 888             position buffer.)
 889
 890     NB: If you get many "azx_get_response timeout" messages at
 891     loading, it's likely a problem of interrupts (e.g. ACPI irq
 892     routing).  Try to boot with options like "pci=noacpi".  Also, you
 893     can try "single_cmd=1" module option.  This will switch the
 894     communication method between HDA controller and codecs to the
 895     single immediate commands instead of CORB/RIRB.  Basically, the
 896     single command mode is provided only for BIOS, and you won't get
 897     unsolicited events, too.  But, at least, this works independently
 898     from the irq.  Remember this is a last resort, and should be
 899     avoided as much as possible...
 900
 901     The power-management is supported.
 902
 903   Module snd-hdsp
 904   ---------------
 905
 906     Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
 907
 908     This module supports multiple cards.
 909
 910     Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
 911           when CONFIG_FW_LOADER is set.  Otherwise, you need to load
 912           the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
 913           package.
 914           The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
 915
 916     Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
 917           module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
 918           when any HDSP cards are found.  To make the buffer
 919           allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
 920           stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
 921           section.
 922
 923   Module snd-hdspm
 924   ----------------
 925
 926     Module for RME HDSP MADI board.
 927
 928     precise_ptr         - Enable precise pointer, or disable.
 929     line_outs_monitor   - Send playback streams to analog outs by default.
 930     enable_monitor      - Enable Analog Out on Channel 63/64 by default.
 931
 932     See hdspm.txt for details.
 933
 934   Module snd-ice1712
 935   ------------------
 936
 937     Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
 938                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
 939                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
 940                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
 941                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
 942                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
 943                         * MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
 944                         * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
 945                         * TerraTec EWS 88MT
 946                         * TerraTec EWS 88D
 947                         * TerraTec EWX 24/96
 948                         * TerraTec DMX 6Fire
 949                         * TerraTec Phase 88
 950                         * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
 951                         * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
 952                         * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
 953                         * Event Electronics, EZ8
 954                         * Digigram VX442
 955                         * Lionstracs, Mediastaton
 956
 957     model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
 958                   delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
 959                   delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
 960                   dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8,
 961                   phase88, mediastation
 962     omni        - Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
 963     cs8427_timeout - reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transciever)
 964                      in msec resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
 965
 966     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe. Note: The consumer part
 967     is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for example in the MidiMan Delta
 968     serie).
 969
 970     Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
 971           SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
 972           model by passing "model" module option in case that the
 973           driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
 974           type for testing.
 975
 976   Module snd-ice1724
 977   ------------------
 978
 979     Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards.
 980                         * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1
 981                         * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
 982                         * AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
 983                         * TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky
 984                         * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space
 985                         * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Universe
 986                         * TerraTec Phase 22
 987                         * TerraTec Phase 28
 988                         * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1
 989                         * AudioTrak Prodigy 7.1LT
 990                         * AudioTrak Prodigy 192
 991                         * Pontis MS300
 992                         * Albatron K8X800 Pro II
 993                         * Chaintech ZNF3-150
 994                         * Chaintech ZNF3-250
 995                         * Chaintech 9CJS
 996                         * Chaintech AV-710
 997                         * Shuttle SN25P
 998
 999     model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
1000                   revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt,
1001                   prodigy192, aureon51, aureon71, universe,
1002                   k8x800, phase22, phase28, ms300, av710
1003
1004     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1005
1006     Note: The supported board is detected by reading EEPROM or PCI
1007           SSID (if EEPROM isn't available).  You can override the
1008           model by passing "model" module option in case that the
1009           driver isn't configured properly or you want to try another
1010           type for testing.
1011
1012   Module snd-indigo
1013   -----------------
1014
1015     Module for Echoaudio Indigo
1016
1017     This module supports multiple cards.
1018     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1019
1020   Module snd-indigodj
1021   -------------------
1022
1023     Module for Echoaudio Indigo DJ
1024
1025     This module supports multiple cards.
1026     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1027
1028   Module snd-indigoio
1029   -------------------
1030
1031     Module for Echoaudio Indigo IO
1032
1033     This module supports multiple cards.
1034     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1035
1036   Module snd-intel8x0
1037   -------------------
1038
1039     Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
1040                         * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
1041                                 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7, ESB2
1042                         * SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
1043                         * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce3, MCP04, CK804
1044                                  CK8, CK8S, MCP501
1045                         * AMD AMD768, AMD8111
1046                         * ALi m5455
1047
1048     ac97_clock    - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1049     ac97_quirk    - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
1050                     See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
1051     buggy_irq     - Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some
1052                     motherboards (default yes on nForce chips,
1053                     otherwise off)
1054     buggy_semaphore - Enable workaround for hardwares with buggy
1055                     semaphores (e.g. on some ASUS laptops)
1056                     (default off)
1057
1058     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1059
1060     Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
1061     if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
1062     explicitly via the module option "ac97_clock=41194".
1063
1064     Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver.  If your
1065     motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
1066     modules, respectively.
1067
1068     The power-management is supported.
1069
1070   Module snd-intel8x0m
1071   --------------------
1072
1073     Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
1074                         * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
1075                                 ICH5, ICH6, ICH7
1076                         * SiS 7013 (SiS 735)
1077                         * NVidia NForce, NForce2, NForce2s, NForce3
1078                         * AMD AMD8111
1079                         * ALi m5455
1080
1081     ac97_clock    - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
1082
1083     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1084
1085     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1086           slot is excluded.
1087
1088     The power-management is supported.
1089
1090   Module snd-interwave
1091   --------------------
1092
1093     Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
1094     and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
1095
1096     port        - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1097     irq         - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1098     dma1        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1099     dma2        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1100     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1101     midi        - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1102     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1103     effect      - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
1104                   requires 8 voices
1105
1106     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1107
1108   Module snd-interwave-stb
1109   ------------------------
1110
1111     Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
1112     and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
1113     circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
1114
1115     port        - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
1116     port_tc     - tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
1117     irq         - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
1118     dma1        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
1119     dma2        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
1120     joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
1121     midi        - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
1122     pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
1123     effect      - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
1124                   requires 8 voices
1125
1126     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1127
1128   Module snd-korg1212
1129   -------------------
1130
1131     Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
1132
1133     This module supports multiple cards.
1134
1135   Module snd-layla20
1136   ------------------
1137
1138     Module for Echoaudio Layla20
1139
1140     This module supports multiple cards.
1141     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1142
1143   Module snd-layla24
1144   ------------------
1145
1146     Module for Echoaudio Layla24
1147
1148     This module supports multiple cards.
1149     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1150
1151   Module snd-maestro3
1152   -------------------
1153
1154     Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
1155
1156     external_amp     - enable external amp (enabled by default)
1157     amp_gpio         - GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or
1158                        -1 for default pin (8 for allegro, 1 for
1159                        others)
1160
1161     This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
1162
1163     Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
1164     If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
1165     specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option.
1166     For example, a Panasonic notebook might need "amp_gpio=0x0d"
1167     option.
1168
1169     The power-management is supported.
1170
1171   Module snd-mia
1172   ---------------
1173
1174     Module for Echoaudio Mia
1175
1176     This module supports multiple cards.
1177     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1178
1179   Module snd-miro
1180   ---------------
1181
1182     Module for Miro soundcards: miroSOUND PCM 1 pro,
1183                                 miroSOUND PCM 12,
1184                                 miroSOUND PCM 20 Radio.
1185
1186     port        - Port # (0x530,0x604,0xe80,0xf40)
1187     irq         - IRQ # (5,7,9,10,11)
1188     dma1        - 1st dma # (0,1,3)
1189     dma2        - 2nd dma # (0,1)
1190     mpu_port    - MPU-401 port # (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1191     mpu_irq     - MPU-401 irq # (5,7,9,10)
1192     fm_port     - FM Port # (0x388)
1193     wss         - enable WSS mode
1194     ide         - enable onboard ide support
1195
1196   Module snd-mixart
1197   -----------------
1198
1199     Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
1200
1201     This module supports multiple cards.
1202     Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
1203           See MIXART.txt for details.
1204
1205     When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1206     is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1207     Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1208     When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1209     firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
1210
1211   Module snd-mona
1212   ---------------
1213
1214     Module for Echoaudio Mona
1215
1216     This module supports multiple cards.
1217     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1218
1219   Module snd-mpu401
1220   -----------------
1221
1222     Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
1223
1224     port        - port number or -1 (disable)
1225     irq         - IRQ number or -1 (disable)
1226     pnp         - PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1227
1228     This module supports multiple devices and PnP.
1229
1230   Module snd-mtpav
1231   ----------------
1232
1233     Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
1234     port).
1235
1236     port        - I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
1237     irq         - IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
1238     hwports     - number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
1239
1240     Module supports only 1 card.  This module has no enable option.
1241
1242   Module snd-mts64
1243   ----------------
1244
1245     Module for Ego Systems (ESI) Miditerminal 4140
1246
1247     This module supports multiple devices.
1248     Requires parport (CONFIG_PARPORT).
1249
1250   Module snd-nm256
1251   ----------------
1252
1253     Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
1254
1255     playback_bufsize - max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1256     capture_bufsize  - max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
1257     force_ac97       - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1258     buffer_top       - specify buffer top address
1259     use_cache        - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
1260     vaio_hack        - alias buffer_top=0x25a800
1261     reset_workaround - enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
1262     reset_workaround2 - enable extended AC97 RESET workaround for some
1263                       other laptops
1264
1265     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1266
1267     The power-management is supported.
1268
1269     Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
1270     automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
1271     In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicity via
1272     buffer_top option.
1273     For example,
1274       Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
1275       Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
1276     The driver supports only ac97 codec.  It's possible to force
1277     to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected.  In such a
1278     case, use force_ac97=1 option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
1279     works!
1280
1281     Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
1282     codecs.  This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
1283     with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
1284     even though the device is detected in lspci.  In such a case, try
1285     other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2.  Some has ISA-PnP
1286     but some doesn't have ISA PnP.  You'll need to specify isapnp=0
1287     and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
1288
1289     Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET.  For the
1290     known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
1291     workaround is enabled automatically.  For other laptops with a
1292     hard freeze, you can try reset_workaround=1 option.
1293
1294     Note: Dell Latitude CSx laptops have another problem regarding
1295     AC97 RESET.  On these laptops, reset_workaround2 option is
1296     turned on as default.  This option is worth to try if the
1297     previous reset_workaround option doesn't help.
1298
1299     Note: This driver is really crappy.  It's a porting from the
1300     OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
1301     The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
1302     X-server as described above.  You might be able to force to load
1303     the module, but it may result in hang-up.   Hence, make sure that
1304     you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
1305     problem.
1306
1307   Module snd-opl3sa2
1308   ------------------
1309
1310     Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
1311
1312     port        - control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
1313     sb_port     - SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
1314     wss_port    - WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1315     midi_port   - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1316     fm_port     - FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
1317     irq         - IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
1318     dma1        - first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
1319     dma2        - second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
1320     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1321
1322     This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.  It does not support
1323     autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
1324
1325     The power-management is supported.
1326
1327   Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
1328   -------------------------
1329
1330     Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
1331     Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
1332
1333     port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1334     mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1335     fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1336     irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1337     mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1338     dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1339
1340     This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1341
1342   Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
1343   -------------------------
1344
1345     Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
1346
1347     port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1348     mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1349     fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1350     irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1351     mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1352     dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1353     dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1354
1355     This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1356
1357   Module snd-opti93x
1358   ------------------
1359
1360     Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
1361
1362     port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1363     mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
1364     fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
1365     irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
1366     mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
1367     dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1368     dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
1369
1370     This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
1371
1372   Module snd-pcxhr
1373   ----------------
1374
1375     Module for Digigram PCXHR boards
1376
1377     This module supports multiple cards.
1378
1379   Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
1380   ---------------------------------
1381
1382     Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
1383
1384     enable_beep     - enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
1385
1386     Module supports autoprobe a chip.
1387
1388     Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianess.
1389
1390     The power-management is supported.
1391
1392   Module snd-pxa2xx-ac97 (on arm only)
1393   ------------------------------------
1394
1395     Module for AC97 driver for the Intel PXA2xx chip
1396
1397     For ARM architecture only.
1398
1399     The power-management is supported.
1400
1401   Module snd-riptide
1402   ------------------
1403
1404     Module for Conexant Riptide chip
1405
1406       joystick_port     - Joystick port # (default: 0x200)
1407       mpu_port          - MPU401 port # (default: 0x330)
1408       opl3_port         - OPL3 port # (default: 0x388)
1409
1410     This module supports multiple cards.
1411     The driver requires the firmware loader support on kernel.
1412     You need to install the firmware file "riptide.hex" to the standard
1413     firmware path (e.g. /lib/firmware).
1414
1415   Module snd-rme32
1416   ----------------
1417
1418     Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32,
1419     Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
1420
1421     This module supports multiple cards.
1422
1423   Module snd-rme96
1424   ----------------
1425
1426     Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
1427
1428     This module supports multiple cards.
1429
1430   Module snd-rme9652
1431   ------------------
1432
1433     Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
1434
1435     precise_ptr - Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably).
1436                   (default = 0)
1437
1438     This module supports multiple cards.
1439
1440     Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
1441           module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
1442           when any RME9652 cards are found.  To make the buffer
1443           allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
1444           stage of boot sequence.  See "Early Buffer Allocation"
1445           section.
1446
1447   Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
1448   ---------------------------------------
1449
1450     Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
1451
1452     Module supports only one card.
1453     Module has no enable and index options.
1454
1455     The power-management is supported.
1456
1457   Module snd-sb8
1458   --------------
1459
1460     Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0,
1461                                          SoundBlaster 2.0,
1462                                          SoundBlaster Pro
1463
1464     port        - port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1465     irq         - IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
1466     dma8        - DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
1467
1468     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1469
1470     The power-management is supported.
1471
1472   Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
1473   -----------------------------
1474
1475     Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
1476                                           SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP),
1477                                           SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
1478
1479     port        - port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
1480     mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
1481     awe_port    - base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660)
1482                    (snd-sbawe module only)
1483     irq         - IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
1484     dma8        - 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
1485     dma16       - 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
1486     mic_agc     - Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1487     csp         - ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
1488     isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1489
1490     This module supports multiple cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
1491
1492     Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
1493           disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
1494           Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
1495           half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
1496           16-bit DMA channel.
1497
1498     The power-management is supported.
1499
1500   Module snd-sgalaxy
1501   ------------------
1502
1503     Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy sound card.
1504
1505     sbport      - Port # for SB16 interface (0x220,0x240)
1506     wssport     - Port # for WSS interface (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
1507     irq         - IRQ # (7,9,10,11)
1508     dma1        - DMA #
1509
1510     This module supports multiple cards.
1511
1512     The power-management is supported.
1513
1514   Module snd-sscape
1515   -----------------
1516
1517     Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape PnP cards.
1518
1519     port        - Port # (PnP setup)
1520     irq         - IRQ # (PnP setup)
1521     mpu_irq     - MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
1522     dma         - DMA # (PnP setup)
1523
1524     This module supports multiple cards.  ISA PnP must be enabled.
1525     You need sscape_ctl tool in alsa-tools package for loading
1526     the microcode.
1527
1528   Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
1529   --------------------------------------
1530
1531     Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
1532
1533     This module supports multiple cards.
1534
1535   Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
1536   -------------------------------------
1537
1538     Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
1539
1540     This module supports multiple cards.
1541
1542   Module snd-sun-dbri (on sparc only)
1543   -----------------------------------
1544
1545     Module for DBRI sound chips found on Sparcs.
1546
1547     This module supports multiple cards.
1548
1549   Module snd-wavefront
1550   --------------------
1551
1552     Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
1553
1554     cs4232_pcm_port - Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1555     cs4232_pcm_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
1556     cs4232_mpu_port - Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
1557     cs4232_mpu_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
1558     use_cs4232_midi - Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
1559                       (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
1560     ics2115_port    - Port # for ICS2115
1561     ics2115_irq     - IRQ # for ICS2115
1562     fm_port         - FM OPL-3 Port #
1563     dma1            - DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1564     dma2            - DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
1565     isapnp          - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
1566
1567     This module supports multiple cards and ISA PnP.
1568
1569   Module snd-sonicvibes
1570   ---------------------
1571
1572     Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
1573                         * PINE Schubert 32 PCI
1574
1575     reverb    - Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
1576                   - SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
1577     mge       - Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
1578
1579     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1580
1581   Module snd-serial-u16550
1582   ------------------------
1583
1584     Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
1585
1586     port        - port # for UART16550A chip
1587     irq         - IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
1588     speed       - speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
1589                   38400 = default
1590     base        - base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
1591                   115200 = default
1592     outs        - number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
1593                   1 = default
1594     adaptor     - Type of adaptor.
1595                   0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
1596                   3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
1597
1598     This module supports multiple cards. This module does not support autoprobe
1599     thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
1600
1601   Module snd-trident
1602   ------------------
1603
1604     Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
1605                         * Best Union  Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
1606                         * HIS  4DWave PCI
1607                         * Warpspeed  ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
1608                         * AzTech  PCI 64-Q3D
1609                         * Addonics  SV 750
1610                         * CHIC  True Sound 4Dwave
1611                         * Shark  Predator4D-PCI
1612                         * Jaton  SonicWave 4D
1613
1614     pcm_channels   - max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
1615     wavetable_size - max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
1616
1617     This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe.
1618
1619     The power-management is supported.
1620
1621   Module snd-usb-audio
1622   --------------------
1623
1624     Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
1625
1626     vid             - Vendor ID for the device (optional)
1627     pid             - Product ID for the device (optional)
1628     device_setup    - Device specific magic number (optional)
1629                     - Influence depends on the device
1630                     - Default: 0x0000
1631
1632     This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1633
1634   Module snd-usb-usx2y
1635   --------------------
1636
1637     Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
1638
1639     This module supports multiple devices, autoprobe and hotplugging.
1640
1641     Note: you need to load the firmware via usx2yloader utility included
1642           in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
1643
1644   Module snd-via82xx
1645   ------------------
1646
1647     Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233,
1648     8233A, 8233C, 8235, 8237 (south) bridge.
1649
1650     mpu_port    - 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
1651                   [VIA686A/686B only]
1652     joystick    - Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
1653     ac97_clock  - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
1654     dxs_support - support DXS channels,
1655                   0 = auto (default), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
1656                   3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA, 5 = enable any sample
1657                   rate and different sample rates on different
1658                   channels
1659                   [VIA8233/C, 8235, 8237 only]
1660     ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
1661                   See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below.
1662
1663     This module supports one chip and autoprobe.
1664
1665     Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
1666           not be generated properly.  In such a case, please try to
1667           set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
1668           default value 1.4.  Then the interrupt number will be
1669           assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
1670
1671     Note: VIA8233/5/7 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
1672           channels as the first PCM.  On these channels, up to 4
1673           streams can be played at the same time, and the controller
1674           can perform sample rate conversion with separate rates for
1675           each channel.
1676           As default (dxs_support = 0), 48k fixed rate is chosen
1677           except for the known devices since the output is often
1678           noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
1679           bug of BIOS.
1680           Please try once dxs_support=5 and if it works on other
1681           sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
1682           know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
1683           "lspci -nv").
1684           If dxs_support=5 does not work, try dxs_support=4; if it
1685           doesn't work too, try dxs_support=1.  (dxs_support=1 is
1686           usually for old motherboards.  The correct implemented
1687           board should work with 4 or 5.)  If it still doesn't
1688           work and the default setting is ok, dxs_support=3 is the
1689           right choice.  If the default setting doesn't work at all,
1690           try dxs_support=2 to disable the DXS channels.
1691           In any cases, please let us know the result and the
1692           subsystem vendor/device ids.  See "Links and Addresses"
1693           below.
1694
1695     Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
1696           additionally.  The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
1697
1698     The power-management is supported.
1699
1700   Module snd-via82xx-modem
1701   ------------------------
1702
1703     Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
1704
1705     ac97_clock  - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
1706
1707     This module supports one card and autoprobe.
1708
1709     Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
1710           slot is excluded.
1711
1712     The power-management is supported.
1713
1714   Module snd-virmidi
1715   ------------------
1716
1717     Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
1718     This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
1719     to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
1720
1721     midi_devs   - MIDI devices # (1-4, default=4)
1722
1723     This module supports multiple cards.
1724
1725   Module snd-vx222
1726   ----------------
1727
1728     Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
1729
1730     mic         - Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
1731     ibl         - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
1732
1733     This module supports multiple cards.
1734
1735     When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1736     is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1737     Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1738     When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1739     firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.  To invoke
1740     vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.conf
1741
1742         install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222 && /usr/bin/vxloader
1743
1744     (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add "post-install /usr/bin/vxloader" to
1745      /etc/modules.conf, instead.)
1746     IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM.  The smaller size
1747     gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
1748     The size is usually aligned to 126.  As default (=0), the smallest
1749     size is chosen.  The possible IBL values can be found in
1750     /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
1751
1752     The power-management is supported.
1753
1754   Module snd-vxpocket
1755   -------------------
1756
1757     Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 and 440 PCMCIA cards.
1758
1759     ibl      - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
1760
1761     This module supports multiple cards.  The module is compiled only when
1762     PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
1763
1764     With the older 2.6.x kernel, to activate the driver via the card
1765     manager, you'll need to set up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf.  See the
1766     sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c.  2.6.13 or later kernel requires no
1767     longer require a config file.
1768
1769     When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
1770     is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
1771     Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
1772     When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
1773     firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
1774
1775     About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
1776
1777     Note: snd-vxp440 driver is merged to snd-vxpocket driver since
1778            ALSA 1.0.10.
1779
1780     The power-management is supported.
1781
1782   Module snd-ymfpci
1783   -----------------
1784
1785     Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
1786
1787     mpu_port      - 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
1788                     1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
1789     fm_port       - 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
1790                     1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
1791     joystick_port - 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
1792                     1 (auto-detect)
1793     rear_switch   - enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
1794
1795     This module supports autoprobe and multiple chips.
1796
1797     The power-management is supported.
1798
1799   Module snd-pdaudiocf
1800   --------------------
1801
1802     Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
1803
1804     The power-management is supported.
1805
1806
1807 AC97 Quirk Option
1808 =================
1809
1810 The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround for
1811 specific devices on drivers for on-board AC'97 controllers like
1812 snd-intel8x0.  Some hardware have swapped output pins between Master
1813 and Headphone, or Surround (thanks to confusion of AC'97
1814 specifications from version to version :-)
1815
1816 The driver provides the auto-detection of known problematic devices,
1817 but some might be unknown or wrongly detected.  In such a case, pass
1818 the proper value with this option.
1819
1820 The following strings are accepted:
1821     - default   Don't override the default setting
1822     - none      Disable the quirk
1823     - hp_only   Bind Master and Headphone controls as a single control
1824     - swap_hp   Swap headphone and master controls
1825     - swap_surround  Swap master and surround controls
1826     - ad_sharing  For AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
1827     - alc_jack  For ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
1828     - inv_eapd  Inverted EAPD implementation
1829     - mute_led  Bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
1830
1831 For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer value -1, 0,
1832 ... are  accepted, too.
1833
1834 For example, if "Master" volume control has no effect on your device
1835 but only "Headphone" does, pass ac97_quirk=hp_only module option.
1836
1837
1838 Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
1839 ============================
1840
1841 When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
1842 supporting the isapnp cards will have module options "isapnp".
1843 If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
1844 For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass "isapnp=0" option
1845 together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
1846
1847 When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
1848 will be not built in.
1849
1850
1851 Module Autoloading Support
1852 ==========================
1853
1854 The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
1855 module aliases.  The string 'snd-card-%1' is requested for ALSA native
1856 devices where %i is sound card number from zero to seven.
1857
1858 To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
1859 'sound-slot-%i' where %i means the slot number for OSS, which
1860 corresponds to the card index of ALSA.  Usually, define this
1861 as the same card module.
1862
1863 An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
1864 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
1865 alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
1866 alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
1867 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
1868
1869 The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
1870 option "cards_limit" of snd module.  As default it's set to 1.
1871 To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
1872 sound cards in that option.
1873
1874 When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
1875 number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
1876 cards is kept consistent.
1877
1878 An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
1879
1880 ----- /etc/modprobe.conf
1881 # ALSA portion
1882 options snd cards_limit=2
1883 alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
1884 alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
1885 options snd-interwave index=0
1886 options snd-ens1371 index=1
1887 # OSS/Free portion
1888 alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
1889 alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
1890 ----- /etc/moprobe.conf
1891
1892 In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
1893 (index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
1894
1895
1896 ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
1897 =======================================
1898
1899 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
1900 /dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp)     -> minor 3
1901 /dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp)   -> minor 12
1902 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio1              -> minor 4+16 = 20
1903 /dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp1                -> minor 3+16 = 19
1904 /dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp1               -> minor 12+16 = 28
1905 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio2              -> minor 4+32 = 36
1906 /dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp2                -> minor 3+32 = 39
1907 /dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp2               -> minor 12+32 = 44
1908
1909 The first number from /dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p] expression means
1910 sound card number and second means device number.  The ALSA devices
1911 have either 'c' or 'p' suffix indicating the direction, capture and
1912 playback, respectively.
1913
1914 Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
1915 options of snd-pcm-oss module.
1916
1917
1918 DEVFS support
1919 =============
1920
1921 The ALSA driver fully supports the devfs extension.
1922 You should add lines below to your devfsd.conf file:
1923
1924 LOOKUP snd MODLOAD ACTION snd
1925 REGISTER ^sound/.* PERMISSIONS root.audio 660
1926 REGISTER ^snd/.* PERMISSIONS root.audio 660
1927
1928 Warning: These lines assume that you have the audio group in your system.
1929          Otherwise replace audio word with another group name (root for
1930          example).
1931
1932
1933 Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
1934 ==============================
1935
1936 /proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
1937 -------------------------------
1938   String "erase" - erase all additional informations about OSS applications
1939   String "<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]"
1940
1941    <app_name> - name of application with (higher priority) or without path
1942    <fragments> - number of fragments or zero if auto
1943    <fragment_size> - size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
1944    <options> - optional parameters
1945           - disable   the application tries to open a pcm device for
1946                       this channel but does not want to use it.
1947                       (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
1948                       It's good for Quake etc...
1949           - direct    don't use plugins
1950           - block     force block mode (rvplayer)
1951           - non-block force non-block mode
1952           - whole-frag  write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
1953                         playback only)
1954           - no-silence  do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
1955           - buggy-ptr   Returns the whitespace blocks in GETOPTR ioctl
1956                         instead of filled blocks
1957
1958   Example: echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
1959            echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
1960            echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
1961
1962
1963 Early Buffer Allocation
1964 =======================
1965
1966 Some drivers (e.g. hdsp) require the large contiguous buffers, and
1967 sometimes it's too late to find such spaces when the driver module is
1968 actually loaded due to memory fragmentation.  You can pre-allocate the
1969 PCM buffers by loading snd-page-alloc module and write commands to its
1970 proc file in prior, for example, in the early boot stage like
1971 /etc/init.d/*.local scripts.
1972
1973 Reading the proc file /proc/drivers/snd-page-alloc shows the current
1974 usage of page allocation.  In writing, you can send the following
1975 commands to the snd-page-alloc driver:
1976
1977   - add VENDOR DEVICE MASK SIZE BUFFERS
1978
1979     VENDOR and DEVICE are PCI vendor and device IDs.  They take
1980     integer numbers (0x prefix is needed for the hex).
1981     MASK is the PCI DMA mask.  Pass 0 if not restricted.
1982     SIZE is the size of each buffer to allocate.  You can pass
1983     k and m suffix for KB and MB.  The max number is 16MB.
1984     BUFFERS is the number of buffers to allocate.  It must be greater
1985     than 0.  The max number is 4.
1986
1987   - erase
1988
1989     This will erase the all pre-allocated buffers which are not in
1990     use.
1991
1992
1993 Links and Addresses
1994 ===================
1995
1996   ALSA project homepage
1997        http://www.alsa-project.org
1998
1999   ALSA Bug Tracking System
2000        https://bugtrack.alsa-project.org/bugs/
2001
2002   ALSA Developers ML
2003        mailto:alsa-devel@lists.sourceforge.net