1 // Show ToC at a specific location for a GitHub rendering
10 // This is to mimic what GitHub does so that anchors work in an offline
21 image::normand-logo.png[]
24 image:https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/normand.svg?label=Latest%20version[link="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/normand"]
27 _**Normand**_ is a text-to-binary processor with its own language.
29 This package offers both a portable {py3} module and a command-line
32 WARNING: This version of Normand is 0.1, meaning both the Normand
33 language and the module/CLI interface aren't stable.
36 // ToC location for a GitHub rendering
42 The purpose of Normand is to consume human-readable text representing
43 bytes and to produce the corresponding binary data.
47 Consider the following Normand input:
50 4f 55 32 bb $167 fe %10100111 a9 $-32
53 The generated nine bytes are:
56 4f 55 32 bb a7 fe a7 a9 e0
60 As you can see in the last example, the fundamental unit of the Normand
61 language is the _byte_. The order in which you list bytes will be the
62 order of the generated data.
64 The Normand language is more than simple lists of bytes, though. Its
67 Comments, including a bunch of insignificant symbols which may improve readability::
72 ff bb %1101:0010 # This is a comment
73 78 29 af $192 # This too # 99 $-80
74 fe80::6257:18ff:fea3:4229
76 10839636-5d65-4a68-8e6a-21608ddf7258
82 ff bb d2 78 29 af c0 99 b0 fe 80 62 57 18 ff fe
83 a3 42 29 60 57 18 a3 42 29 10 83 96 36 5d 65 4a
84 68 8e 6a 21 60 8d df 72 58
87 Hexadecimal, decimal, and binary byte constants::
92 aa bb $247 $-89 %0011_0010 %11.01= 10/10
101 UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32 literal strings::
107 u16le"stress\nverdict 🤣"
113 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 00 73 00 74 ┆ hello world!•s•t
114 00 72 00 65 00 73 00 73 00 0a 00 76 00 65 00 72 ┆ •r•e•s•s•••v•e•r
115 00 64 00 69 00 63 00 74 00 20 00 3e d8 23 dd ┆ •d•i•c•t• •>•#•
118 Labels: special variables holding the offset where they're defined::
121 <beg> b2 52 e3 bc 91 05
122 $100 $50 <chair> 33 9f fe
129 5e 65 {tower = 47} c6 7f f2 c4
130 44 {hurl = tower - 14} b5 {tower = hurl} 26 2d
133 The value of a variable assignment is the evaluation of a valid {py3}
134 expression which may include label and variable names.
136 Value encoding with a specific length (8{nbsp}bits to 64{nbsp}bits) and byte order::
142 {be} 67 <lbl> 44 $178 {(end - lbl) * 8 + strength : 16} $99 <end>
149 67 44 b2 00 2c 63 37 f8 ff ff
152 The encoded value is the evaluation of a valid {py3} expression which
153 may include label and variable names.
160 aa bb * 5 cc <zoom> "yeah\0" * {zoom * 3}
166 aa bb bb bb bb bb cc 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 ┆ •••••••yeah•yeah
167 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 ┆ •yeah•yeah•yeah•
168 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 ┆ yeah•yeah•yeah•y
169 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 ┆ eah•yeah•yeah•ye
170 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 ┆ ah•yeah•yeah•yea
171 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 ┆ h•yeah•yeah•yeah
172 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 79 65 61 68 00 ┆ •yeah•yeah•yeah•
176 Multilevel grouping::
181 ff ((aa bb "zoom" cc) * 5) * 3 $-34 * 4
187 ff aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa ┆ •••zoom•••zoom••
188 bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a ┆ •zoom•••zoom•••z
189 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f ┆ oom•••zoom•••zoo
190 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc ┆ m•••zoom•••zoom•
191 aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb ┆ ••zoom•••zoom•••
192 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f ┆ zoom•••zoom•••zo
193 6f 6d cc aa bb 7a 6f 6f 6d cc de de de de ┆ om•••zoom•••••
196 Precise error reporting::
199 /tmp/meow.normand:10:24 - Expecting a bit (`0` or `1`).
203 /tmp/meow.normand:32:6 - Unexpected character `k`.
207 /tmp/meow.normand:24:19 - Illegal (unknown or unreachable) variable/label name `meow` in expression `(meow - 45) // 8`; the legal names are {`mix`, `zoom`}.
211 /tmp/meow.normand:18:9 - Value 315 is outside the 8-bit range when evaluating expression `end - ICITTE` at byte offset 45.
214 You can use Normand to track data source files in your favorite VCS
215 instead of raw binary files. The binary files that Normand generates can
216 be used to test file format decoding, including malformatted data, for
217 example, as well as for education.
219 See <<learn-normand>> to explore all the Normand features.
223 Normand requires Python ≥ 3.4.
228 $ python3 -m pip install --user normand
232 https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/installing-packages/#installing-to-the-user-site[Installing to the User Site]
233 to learn more about a user site installation.
237 Normand has a single module file, `normand.py`, which you can copy as is
238 to your project to use it (both the <<python-3-api,`normand.parse()`>>
239 function and the <<command-line-tool,command-line tool>>).
241 `normand.py` has _no external dependencies_, but if you're using
242 Python{nbsp}3.4, you'll need a local copy of the standard `typing`
248 A Normand text input is a sequence of items which represent a sequence
251 [[state]] During the processing of items to data, Normand relies on a
256 |State variable |Description |Initial value: <<python-3-api,{py3} API>> |Initial value: <<command-line-tool,CLI>>
258 |[[cur-offset]] Current offset
260 The current offset has an effect on the value of
261 <<label,labels>> and of the special `ICITTE` name in <<value,value>> and
262 <<variable-assignment,variable assignment>> expression evaluation.
264 Each generated byte increments the current offset.
266 A <<current-offset-setting,current offset setting>> may change the
268 |`init_offset` parameter of the `parse()` function.
271 |[[cur-bo]] Current byte order
273 The current byte order has an effect on the encoding of <<value,values>>.
275 A <<current-byte-order-setting,current byte order setting>> may change
276 the current byte order.
277 |`init_byte_order` parameter of the `parse()` function.
278 |`--byte-order` option.
281 |Mapping of label names to integral values.
282 |`init_labels` parameter of the `parse()` function.
283 |One or more `--label` options.
285 |<<variable-assignment,Variables>>
286 |Mapping of variable names to integral values.
287 |`init_variables` parameter of the `parse()` function.
288 |One or more `--var` options.
291 The available items are:
293 * A <<byte-constant,constant integer>> representing a single byte.
295 * A <<literal-string,literal string>> representing a sequence of bytes
296 encoding UTF-8, UTF-16, or UTF-32 data.
298 * A <<current-byte-order-setting,current byte order setting>> (big or
301 * A <<value,{py3} expression to be evaluated>> as an unsigned or signed
302 integer to be encoded on one or more bytes using the current byte
305 * A <<current-offset-setting,current offset setting>>.
307 * A <<label,label>>, that is, a named constant holding the current
310 This is similar to an assembly label.
312 * A <<variable-assignment,variable assignment>> associating a name to
313 the integral result of an evaluated {py3} expression.
315 * A <<group,group>>, that is, a scoped sequence of items.
317 Moreover, you can <<repetition,repeat>> any item above, except an offset
318 or a label, a given fixed or variable number of times. This is called a
321 A Normand comment may exist:
323 * Between items, possibly within a group.
324 * Between the nibbles of a constant hexadecimal byte.
325 * Between the bits of a constant binary byte.
326 * Between the last item and the ``pass:[*]`` character of a repetition,
327 and between that ``pass:[*]`` character and the following number
330 A comment is anything between two ``pass:[#]`` characters on the same
331 line, or from ``pass:[#]`` until the end of the line. Whitespaces and
332 the following symbol characters are also considered comments where a
336 ! @ / \ ? & : ; . , + [ ] _ = | -
339 The latter serve to improve readability so that you may write, for
340 example, a MAC address or a UUID as is.
342 You can test the examples of this section with the `normand`
343 <<command-line-tool,command-line tool>> as such:
346 $ normand file | hexdump -C
349 where `file` is the name of a file containing the Normand input.
353 A _byte constant_ represents a single byte.
358 Two consecutive hexits.
361 A decimal number after the `$` prefix.
364 Eight bits after the `%` prefix.
384 $192 %1100/0011 $ -77
398 58f64689-6316-4d55-8a1a-04cada366172
399 fe80::6257:18ff:fea3:4229
405 58 f6 46 89 63 16 4d 55 8a 1a 04 ca da 36 61 72 ┆ X•F•c•MU•••••6ar
406 fe 80 62 57 18 ff fe a3 42 29 ┆ ••bW••••B)
414 %01110011 %01100001 %01101100 %01110101 %01110100
420 73 61 6c 75 74 ┆ salut
426 A _literal string_ represents the UTF-8-, UTF-16-, or UTF-32-encoded
429 The string to encode isn't implicitly null-terminated: use `\0` at the
430 end of the string to add a null character.
434 . **Optional**: one of the following encodings instead of UTF-8:
444 . The ``pass:["]`` prefix.
446 . A sequence of zero or more characters, possibly containing escape
449 An escape sequence is the ``\`` character followed by one of:
455 `b`:: Backspace (U+0008)
456 `e`:: Escape (U+001B)
457 `f`:: Form feed (U+000C)
458 `n`:: End of line (U+000A)
459 `r`:: Carriage return (U+000D)
460 `t`:: Character tabulation (U+0009)
461 `v`:: Line tabulation (U+000B)
462 ``\``:: Reverse solidus (U+005C)
463 ``pass:["]``:: Quotation mark (U+0022)
466 . The ``pass:["]`` suffix.
472 "coucou tout le monde!"
478 63 6f 75 63 6f 75 20 74 6f 75 74 20 6c 65 20 6d ┆ coucou tout le m
479 6f 6e 64 65 21 ┆ onde!
487 u16le"I am not young enough to know everything."
493 49 00 20 00 61 00 6d 00 20 00 6e 00 6f 00 74 00 ┆ I• •a•m• •n•o•t•
494 20 00 79 00 6f 00 75 00 6e 00 67 00 20 00 65 00 ┆ •y•o•u•n•g• •e•
495 6e 00 6f 00 75 00 67 00 68 00 20 00 74 00 6f 00 ┆ n•o•u•g•h• •t•o•
496 20 00 6b 00 6e 00 6f 00 77 00 20 00 65 00 76 00 ┆ •k•n•o•w• •e•v•
497 65 00 72 00 79 00 74 00 68 00 69 00 6e 00 67 00 ┆ e•r•y•t•h•i•n•g•
506 u32be "\"illusion is the first\nof all pleasures\" 🦉"
512 00 00 00 22 00 00 00 69 00 00 00 6c 00 00 00 6c ┆ •••"•••i•••l•••l
513 00 00 00 75 00 00 00 73 00 00 00 69 00 00 00 6f ┆ •••u•••s•••i•••o
514 00 00 00 6e 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 69 00 00 00 73 ┆ •••n••• •••i•••s
515 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 74 00 00 00 68 00 00 00 65 ┆ ••• •••t•••h•••e
516 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 66 00 00 00 69 00 00 00 72 ┆ ••• •••f•••i•••r
517 00 00 00 73 00 00 00 74 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 6f ┆ •••s•••t•••••••o
518 00 00 00 66 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 61 00 00 00 6c ┆ •••f••• •••a•••l
519 00 00 00 6c 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 70 00 00 00 6c ┆ •••l••• •••p•••l
520 00 00 00 65 00 00 00 61 00 00 00 73 00 00 00 75 ┆ •••e•••a•••s•••u
521 00 00 00 72 00 00 00 65 00 00 00 73 00 00 00 22 ┆ •••r•••e•••s•••"
522 00 00 00 20 00 01 f9 89 ┆ ••• ••••
526 === Current byte order setting
528 This special item sets the <<cur-bo,_current byte order_>>.
530 The two accepted forms are:
533 ``pass:[{be}]``:: Set the current byte order to big endian.
534 ``pass:[{le}]``:: Set the current byte order to little endian.
538 A _value_ represents a fixed number of bytes encoding an unsigned or
539 signed integer which is the result of evaluating a {py3} expression
540 using the <<cur-bo,current byte order>>.
542 For a value at some source location{nbsp}__**L**__, its {py3} expression
543 may contain the name of any accessible <<label,label>>, including the
544 name of a label defined after{nbsp}__**L**__, as well as the name of any
545 <<variable-assignment,variable>> known at{nbsp}__**L**__.
547 An accessible label is either:
549 * Outside of the current <<group,group>>.
550 * Within the same immediate group (not within a nested group).
552 In the {py3} expression of a value, the value of the special name
553 `ICITTE` is the <<cur-offset,current offset>> (before encoding the
558 . The ``pass:[{]`` prefix.
560 . A valid {py3} expression.
564 . An encoding length in bits amongst `8`, `16`, `24`, `32`, `40`,
565 `48`, `56`, and `64`.
590 # String length in bits
591 {8 * (str_end - str_beg) : 16}
602 00 60 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 ┆ •`hello world!
610 {20 - ICITTE : 8} * 10
616 14 13 12 11 10 0f 0e 0d 0c 0b
620 === Current offset setting
622 This special item sets the <<cur-offset,_current offset_>>.
624 A current offset setting is:
628 . A positive integer (hexadecimal starting with `0x` or `0X` accepted)
629 which is the new current offset.
638 <0x61> {ICITTE : 8} * 8
644 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 ┆ ••••••••abcdefgh
652 aa bb cc dd <meow> ee ff
653 <12> 11 22 33 <mix> 44 55
660 aa bb cc dd ee ff 11 22 33 44 55 04 0f ┆ •••••••"3DU••
666 A _label_ associates a name to the <<cur-offset,current offset>>.
668 All the labels of a whole Normand input must have unique names.
670 A label may not share the name of a <<variable-assignment,variable>>
673 A label name may not be `ICITTE` (see <<value>> and
674 <<variable-assignment>> to learn more).
680 . A valid {py3} name which is not `ICITTE`.
684 === Variable assignment
686 A _variable assignment_ associates a name to the integral result of an
687 evaluated {py3} expression.
689 For a variable assignment at some source location{nbsp}__**L**__, its
690 {py3} expression may contain the name of any accessible <<label,label>>,
691 including the name of a label defined after{nbsp}__**L**__, as well as
692 the name of any variable known at{nbsp}__**L**__.
694 An accessible label is either:
696 * Outside of the current <<group,group>>.
697 * Within the same immediate group (not within a nested group).
699 A variable name may not be `ICITTE`.
701 In the {py3} expression of a variable assignment, the special name
702 `ICITTE` is the <<cur-offset,current offset>>.
706 . The ``pass:[{]`` prefix.
708 . A valid {py3} name which is not `ICITTE`.
712 . A valid {py3} expression.
721 {meow = 42} 11 22 {meow:8} 33 {meow = ICITTE + 17}
722 "yooo" {meow + mix : 16}
728 11 22 2a 33 79 6f 6f 6f 7a 00 ┆ •"*3yoooz•
734 A _group_ is a scoped sequence of items.
736 The <<label,labels>> within a group aren't visible outside of it.
738 The main purpose of a group is to <<repetition,repeat>> more than a
745 . Zero or more items.
753 ((aa bb cc) dd () ee) "leclerc"
759 aa bb cc dd ee 6c 65 63 6c 65 72 63 ┆ •••••leclerc
767 ((aa bb cc) * 3 dd ee) * 5
773 aa bb cc aa bb cc aa bb cc dd ee aa bb cc aa bb
774 cc aa bb cc dd ee aa bb cc aa bb cc aa bb cc dd
775 ee aa bb cc aa bb cc aa bb cc dd ee aa bb cc aa
786 <str_beg> u16le"sébastien diaz" <str_end>
787 {ICITTE - str_beg : 8}
788 {(end - str_beg) * 5 : 24}
796 73 00 e9 00 62 00 61 00 73 00 74 00 69 00 65 00 ┆ s•••b•a•s•t•i•e•
797 6e 00 20 00 64 00 69 00 61 00 7a 00 1c 00 01 e0 ┆ n• •d•i•a•z•••••
798 73 00 e9 00 62 00 61 00 73 00 74 00 69 00 65 00 ┆ s•••b•a•s•t•i•e•
799 6e 00 20 00 64 00 69 00 61 00 7a 00 1c 00 01 40 ┆ n• •d•i•a•z••••@
800 73 00 e9 00 62 00 61 00 73 00 74 00 69 00 65 00 ┆ s•••b•a•s•t•i•e•
801 6e 00 20 00 64 00 69 00 61 00 7a 00 1c 00 00 a0 ┆ n• •d•i•a•z•••••
807 A _repetition_ represents the bytes of an item repeated a given number
814 . The ``pass:[*]`` character.
818 ** A positive integer (hexadecimal starting with `0x` or `0X` accepted)
819 which is the number of times to repeat the previous item.
821 ** The ``pass:[{]`` prefix, a valid {py3} expression, and the
824 When using an expression, it can't refer, directly or indirectly, to a
825 subsequent label name and to the reserved `ICITTE` name.
831 {end - ICITTE - 1 : 8} * 0x100 <end>
837 ff fe fd fc fb fa f9 f8 f7 f6 f5 f4 f3 f2 f1 f0 ┆ ••••••••••••••••
838 ef ee ed ec eb ea e9 e8 e7 e6 e5 e4 e3 e2 e1 e0 ┆ ••••••••••••••••
839 df de dd dc db da d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 ┆ ••••••••••••••••
840 cf ce cd cc cb ca c9 c8 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 ┆ ••••••••••••••••
841 bf be bd bc bb ba b9 b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b0 ┆ ••••••••••••••••
842 af ae ad ac ab aa a9 a8 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 ┆ ••••••••••••••••
843 9f 9e 9d 9c 9b 9a 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 ┆ ••••••••••••••••
844 8f 8e 8d 8c 8b 8a 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 ┆ ••••••••••••••••
845 7f 7e 7d 7c 7b 7a 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 ┆ •~}|{zyxwvutsrqp
846 6f 6e 6d 6c 6b 6a 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 ┆ onmlkjihgfedcba`
847 5f 5e 5d 5c 5b 5a 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 ┆ _^]\[ZYXWVUTSRQP
848 4f 4e 4d 4c 4b 4a 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 ┆ ONMLKJIHGFEDCBA@
849 3f 3e 3d 3c 3b 3a 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 ┆ ?>=<;:9876543210
850 2f 2e 2d 2c 2b 2a 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 ┆ /.-,+*)('&%$#"!
851 1f 1e 1d 1c 1b 1a 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 ┆ ••••••••••••••••
852 0f 0e 0d 0c 0b 0a 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 ┆ ••••••••••••••••
874 aa bb cc dd ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff 11 22 ┆ •••••••••••••••"
875 33 ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ 3•••••••••••••••
876 ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ ••••••••••••••••
877 ff ee ff ee ff 11 22 33 33 ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ ••••••"33•••••••
878 ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ ••••••••••••••••
879 ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ ••••••••••••••••
880 ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ ••••••••••••••••
881 ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ ••••••••••••••••
882 ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ ••••••••••••••••
883 ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ┆ ••••••••••••••••
884 ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff ee ff 11 22 33 ┆ ••••••••••••••"3
885 33 33 63 6f 75 63 6f 75 21 ┆ 33coucou!
890 This example shows how to use a repetition as a conditional section
891 depending on some predefined variable.
897 (ee ff "meow mix" 00) * {cond}
901 Output (`cond` is 0):
907 Output (`cond` is 1):
910 aa bb cc dd ee ff 6d 65 6f 77 20 6d 69 78 00 f8 ┆ ••••••meow mix••
917 If you <<install-normand,installed>> the `normand` package, then you
918 can use the `normand` command-line tool:
921 $ normand <<< '"ma gang de malades"' | hexdump -C
925 00000000 6d 61 20 67 61 6e 67 20 64 65 20 6d 61 6c 61 64 |ma gang de malad|
929 If you copy the `normand.py` module to your own project, then you can
930 run the module itself:
933 $ python3 -m normand <<< '"ma gang de malades"' | hexdump -C
937 00000000 6d 61 20 67 61 6e 67 20 64 65 20 6d 61 6c 61 64 |ma gang de malad|
941 Without a path argument, the `normand` tool reads from the standard
944 The `normand` tool prints the generated binary data to the standard
947 Various options control the initial <<state,state>> of the processor:
948 use the `--help` option to learn more.
952 The whole `normand` package/module API is:
956 class ByteOrder(enum.Enum):
964 VarsT = typing.Dict[str, int]
970 def line_no(self) -> int:
975 def col_no(self) -> int:
979 class ParseError(RuntimeError):
980 # Source text location.
982 def text_loc(self) -> TextLoc:
989 def data(self) -> bytearray:
992 # Updated variable values.
994 def variables(self) -> VarsT:
997 # Updated main group label values.
999 def labels(self) -> VarsT:
1004 def offset(self) -> int:
1009 def byte_order(self) -> typing.Optional[int]:
1012 def parse(normand: str,
1013 init_variables: typing.Optional[VarsT] = None,
1014 init_labels: typing.Optional[VarsT] = None,
1015 init_offset: int = 0,
1016 init_byte_order: typing.Optional[ByteOrder] = None) -> ParseResult:
1020 The `normand` parameter is the actual <<learn-normand,Normand input>>
1021 while the other parameters control the initial <<state,state>>.
1023 The `parse()` function raises a `ParseError` instance should it fail to
1024 parse the `normand` string for any reason.
1028 Normand is a https://python-poetry.org/[Poetry] project.
1030 To develop it, install it through Poetry and enter the virtual
1036 $ normand <<< '"lol" * 10 0a'
1039 `normand.py` is processed by:
1041 * https://microsoft.github.io/pyright/[Pyright]
1042 * https://github.com/psf/black[Black]
1043 * https://pycqa.github.io/isort/[isort]
1047 Use https://docs.pytest.org/[pytest] to test Normand once the package is
1048 part of your virtual environment, for example:
1052 $ poetry run pip3 install pytest
1056 The `pytest` project is currently not a development dependency in
1057 `pyproject.toml` due to backward compatibiliy issues with
1060 In the `tests` directory, each `*.nt` file is a test. The file name
1061 prefix indicates what it's meant to test:
1064 Everything above the `---` line is the valid Normand input
1067 Everything below the `---` line is the expected data
1068 (whitespace-separated hexadecimal bytes).
1071 Everything above the `---` line is the invalid Normand input
1074 Everything below the `---` line is the expected error message having
1083 Normand uses https://review.lttng.org/admin/repos/normand,general[Gerrit]
1086 To report a bug, https://github.com/efficios/normand/issues/new[create a