2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/export.h>
17 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
18 #include <linux/initrd.h>
19 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
20 #include <linux/highmem.h>
21 #include <linux/gfp.h>
22 #include <linux/memblock.h>
23 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
24 #include <linux/sizes.h>
27 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
28 #include <asm/memblock.h>
30 #include <asm/sections.h>
31 #include <asm/setup.h>
32 #include <asm/system_info.h>
34 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
36 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
37 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
41 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_CP15_MMU
42 unsigned long __init
__clear_cr(unsigned long mask
)
44 cr_alignment
= cr_alignment
& ~mask
;
49 static phys_addr_t phys_initrd_start __initdata
= 0;
50 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata
= 0;
52 static int __init
early_initrd(char *p
)
58 start
= memparse(p
, &endp
);
60 size
= memparse(endp
+ 1, NULL
);
62 phys_initrd_start
= start
;
63 phys_initrd_size
= size
;
67 early_param("initrd", early_initrd
);
69 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag
*tag
)
71 pr_warn("ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
72 "please update your bootloader.\n");
73 phys_initrd_start
= __virt_to_phys(tag
->u
.initrd
.start
);
74 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
78 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD
, parse_tag_initrd
);
80 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag
*tag
)
82 phys_initrd_start
= tag
->u
.initrd
.start
;
83 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
87 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2
, parse_tag_initrd2
);
90 * This keeps memory configuration data used by a couple memory
91 * initialization functions, as well as show_mem() for the skipping
92 * of holes in the memory map. It is populated by arm_add_memory().
94 void show_mem(unsigned int filter
)
96 int free
= 0, total
= 0, reserved
= 0;
97 int shared
= 0, cached
= 0, slab
= 0;
98 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
100 printk("Mem-info:\n");
101 show_free_areas(filter
);
103 for_each_memblock (memory
, reg
) {
104 unsigned int pfn1
, pfn2
;
105 struct page
*page
, *end
;
107 pfn1
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
108 pfn2
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
110 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn1
);
111 end
= pfn_to_page(pfn2
- 1) + 1;
115 if (PageReserved(page
))
117 else if (PageSwapCache(page
))
119 else if (PageSlab(page
))
121 else if (!page_count(page
))
124 shared
+= page_count(page
) - 1;
126 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn1
);
127 } while (pfn1
< pfn2
);
130 printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total
);
131 printk("%d free pages\n", free
);
132 printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved
);
133 printk("%d slab pages\n", slab
);
134 printk("%d pages shared\n", shared
);
135 printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached
);
138 static void __init
find_limits(unsigned long *min
, unsigned long *max_low
,
139 unsigned long *max_high
)
141 *max_low
= PFN_DOWN(memblock_get_current_limit());
142 *min
= PFN_UP(memblock_start_of_DRAM());
143 *max_high
= PFN_DOWN(memblock_end_of_DRAM());
146 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
148 phys_addr_t arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly
;
149 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size
);
152 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
153 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
154 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
155 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
157 phys_addr_t arm_dma_limit
;
158 unsigned long arm_dma_pfn_limit
;
160 static void __init
arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size
, unsigned long *hole
,
161 unsigned long dma_size
)
163 if (size
[0] <= dma_size
)
166 size
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = size
[0] - dma_size
;
167 size
[ZONE_DMA
] = dma_size
;
168 hole
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = hole
[0];
173 void __init
setup_dma_zone(const struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
175 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
176 if (mdesc
->dma_zone_size
) {
177 arm_dma_zone_size
= mdesc
->dma_zone_size
;
178 arm_dma_limit
= PHYS_OFFSET
+ arm_dma_zone_size
- 1;
180 arm_dma_limit
= 0xffffffff;
181 arm_dma_pfn_limit
= arm_dma_limit
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
185 static void __init
zone_sizes_init(unsigned long min
, unsigned long max_low
,
186 unsigned long max_high
)
188 unsigned long zone_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
], zhole_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
];
189 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
192 * initialise the zones.
194 memset(zone_size
, 0, sizeof(zone_size
));
197 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
198 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
199 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
201 zone_size
[0] = max_low
- min
;
202 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
203 zone_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] = max_high
- max_low
;
207 * Calculate the size of the holes.
208 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
210 memcpy(zhole_size
, zone_size
, sizeof(zhole_size
));
211 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
212 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
213 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
215 if (start
< max_low
) {
216 unsigned long low_end
= min(end
, max_low
);
217 zhole_size
[0] -= low_end
- start
;
219 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
221 unsigned long high_start
= max(start
, max_low
);
222 zhole_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] -= end
- high_start
;
227 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
229 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
232 if (arm_dma_zone_size
)
233 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size
, zhole_size
,
234 arm_dma_zone_size
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
237 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size
, min
, zhole_size
);
240 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
241 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn
)
243 return memblock_is_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn
));
245 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid
);
248 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
249 static void __init
arm_memory_present(void)
253 static void __init
arm_memory_present(void)
255 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
257 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
)
258 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
),
259 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
));
263 static bool arm_memblock_steal_permitted
= true;
265 phys_addr_t __init
arm_memblock_steal(phys_addr_t size
, phys_addr_t align
)
269 BUG_ON(!arm_memblock_steal_permitted
);
271 phys
= memblock_alloc_base(size
, align
, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE
);
272 memblock_free(phys
, size
);
273 memblock_remove(phys
, size
);
278 void __init
arm_memblock_init(const struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
280 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
281 #ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
282 memblock_reserve(__pa(_sdata
), _end
- _sdata
);
284 memblock_reserve(__pa(_stext
), _end
- _stext
);
286 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
287 /* FDT scan will populate initrd_start */
288 if (initrd_start
&& !phys_initrd_size
) {
289 phys_initrd_start
= __virt_to_phys(initrd_start
);
290 phys_initrd_size
= initrd_end
- initrd_start
;
292 initrd_start
= initrd_end
= 0;
293 if (phys_initrd_size
&&
294 !memblock_is_region_memory(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
)) {
295 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
296 (u64
)phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
297 phys_initrd_start
= phys_initrd_size
= 0;
299 if (phys_initrd_size
&&
300 memblock_is_region_reserved(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
)) {
301 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
302 (u64
)phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
303 phys_initrd_start
= phys_initrd_size
= 0;
305 if (phys_initrd_size
) {
306 memblock_reserve(phys_initrd_start
, phys_initrd_size
);
308 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
309 initrd_start
= __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start
);
310 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ phys_initrd_size
;
314 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
316 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
320 early_init_fdt_scan_reserved_mem();
322 /* reserve memory for DMA contiguous allocations */
323 dma_contiguous_reserve(arm_dma_limit
);
325 arm_memblock_steal_permitted
= false;
329 void __init
bootmem_init(void)
331 unsigned long min
, max_low
, max_high
;
333 memblock_allow_resize();
334 max_low
= max_high
= 0;
336 find_limits(&min
, &max_low
, &max_high
);
339 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
340 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
342 arm_memory_present();
345 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
350 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
351 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
352 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
354 zone_sizes_init(min
, max_low
, max_high
);
357 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
358 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
359 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
362 max_low_pfn
= max_low
;
367 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
368 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
370 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s
, size_t count
)
373 for (; count
!= 0; count
-= 4)
378 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn
, unsigned long end_pfn
)
380 struct page
*start_pg
, *end_pg
;
381 phys_addr_t pg
, pgend
;
384 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
386 start_pg
= pfn_to_page(start_pfn
- 1) + 1;
387 end_pg
= pfn_to_page(end_pfn
- 1) + 1;
390 * Convert to physical addresses, and
391 * round start upwards and end downwards.
393 pg
= PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg
));
394 pgend
= __pa(end_pg
) & PAGE_MASK
;
397 * If there are free pages between these,
398 * free the section of the memmap array.
401 memblock_free_early(pg
, pgend
- pg
);
405 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
407 static void __init
free_unused_memmap(void)
409 unsigned long start
, prev_end
= 0;
410 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
413 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
414 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
416 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
417 start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
419 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
421 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
422 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
425 ALIGN(prev_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
428 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
429 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
430 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
432 start
= round_down(start
, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
435 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
436 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
438 if (prev_end
&& prev_end
< start
)
439 free_memmap(prev_end
, start
);
442 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
443 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
444 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
446 prev_end
= ALIGN(memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
),
450 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
451 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
))
452 free_memmap(prev_end
,
453 ALIGN(prev_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
457 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
458 static inline void free_area_high(unsigned long pfn
, unsigned long end
)
460 for (; pfn
< end
; pfn
++)
461 free_highmem_page(pfn_to_page(pfn
));
465 static void __init
free_highpages(void)
467 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
468 unsigned long max_low
= max_low_pfn
;
469 struct memblock_region
*mem
, *res
;
471 /* set highmem page free */
472 for_each_memblock(memory
, mem
) {
473 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem
);
474 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem
);
476 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
480 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
484 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
485 for_each_memblock(reserved
, res
) {
486 unsigned long res_start
, res_end
;
488 res_start
= memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res
);
489 res_end
= memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res
);
493 if (res_start
< start
)
499 if (res_start
!= start
)
500 free_area_high(start
, res_start
);
506 /* And now free anything which remains */
508 free_area_high(start
, end
);
514 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
515 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
516 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
518 void __init
mem_init(void)
520 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
521 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
526 set_max_mapnr(pfn_to_page(max_pfn
) - mem_map
);
528 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
529 free_unused_memmap();
533 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
534 free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_OFFSET
), swapper_pg_dir
, -1, NULL
);
539 mem_init_print_info(NULL
);
541 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
542 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
543 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
545 pr_notice("Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
546 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
547 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
548 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
549 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
551 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
552 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
553 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
554 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
555 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
557 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
558 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
560 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n"
561 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n"
562 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n"
563 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n",
565 MLK(UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
), UL(CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE
) +
567 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
568 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) dtcm_end
),
569 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) itcm_end
),
571 MLK(FIXADDR_START
, FIXADDR_END
),
572 MLM(VMALLOC_START
, VMALLOC_END
),
573 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET
, (unsigned long)high_memory
),
574 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
575 MLM(PKMAP_BASE
, (PKMAP_BASE
) + (LAST_PKMAP
) *
578 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
579 MLM(MODULES_VADDR
, MODULES_END
),
582 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text
, _etext
),
583 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin
, __init_end
),
584 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata
, _edata
),
585 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start
, __bss_stop
));
592 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
593 * be detected at build time already.
596 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
597 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
600 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
601 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
602 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
605 if (PAGE_SIZE
>= 16384 && get_num_physpages() <= 128) {
606 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory
;
608 * On a machine this small we won't get
609 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
612 sysctl_overcommit_memory
= OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS
;
616 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_KERNMEM_PERMS
617 struct section_perm
{
625 static struct section_perm nx_perms
[] = {
626 /* Make pages tables, etc before _stext RW (set NX). */
628 .start
= PAGE_OFFSET
,
629 .end
= (unsigned long)_stext
,
630 .mask
= ~PMD_SECT_XN
,
633 /* Make init RW (set NX). */
635 .start
= (unsigned long)__init_begin
,
636 .end
= (unsigned long)_sdata
,
637 .mask
= ~PMD_SECT_XN
,
640 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
641 /* Make rodata NX (set RO in ro_perms below). */
643 .start
= (unsigned long)__start_rodata
,
644 .end
= (unsigned long)__init_begin
,
645 .mask
= ~PMD_SECT_XN
,
651 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
652 static struct section_perm ro_perms
[] = {
653 /* Make kernel code and rodata RX (set RO). */
655 .start
= (unsigned long)_stext
,
656 .end
= (unsigned long)__init_begin
,
657 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
658 .mask
= ~L_PMD_SECT_RDONLY
,
659 .prot
= L_PMD_SECT_RDONLY
,
661 .mask
= ~(PMD_SECT_APX
| PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
),
662 .prot
= PMD_SECT_APX
| PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
,
663 .clear
= PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
,
670 * Updates section permissions only for the current mm (sections are
671 * copied into each mm). During startup, this is the init_mm. Is only
672 * safe to be called with preemption disabled, as under stop_machine().
674 static inline void section_update(unsigned long addr
, pmdval_t mask
,
677 struct mm_struct
*mm
;
680 mm
= current
->active_mm
;
681 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud_offset(pgd_offset(mm
, addr
), addr
), addr
);
683 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
684 pmd
[0] = __pmd((pmd_val(pmd
[0]) & mask
) | prot
);
686 if (addr
& SECTION_SIZE
)
687 pmd
[1] = __pmd((pmd_val(pmd
[1]) & mask
) | prot
);
689 pmd
[0] = __pmd((pmd_val(pmd
[0]) & mask
) | prot
);
691 flush_pmd_entry(pmd
);
692 local_flush_tlb_kernel_range(addr
, addr
+ SECTION_SIZE
);
695 /* Make sure extended page tables are in use. */
696 static inline bool arch_has_strict_perms(void)
698 if (cpu_architecture() < CPU_ARCH_ARMv6
)
701 return !!(get_cr() & CR_XP
);
704 #define set_section_perms(perms, field) { \
706 unsigned long addr; \
708 if (!arch_has_strict_perms()) \
711 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(perms); i++) { \
712 if (!IS_ALIGNED(perms[i].start, SECTION_SIZE) || \
713 !IS_ALIGNED(perms[i].end, SECTION_SIZE)) { \
714 pr_err("BUG: section %lx-%lx not aligned to %lx\n", \
715 perms[i].start, perms[i].end, \
720 for (addr = perms[i].start; \
721 addr < perms[i].end; \
722 addr += SECTION_SIZE) \
723 section_update(addr, perms[i].mask, \
728 static inline void fix_kernmem_perms(void)
730 set_section_perms(nx_perms
, prot
);
733 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
734 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
736 set_section_perms(ro_perms
, prot
);
739 void set_kernel_text_rw(void)
741 set_section_perms(ro_perms
, clear
);
744 void set_kernel_text_ro(void)
746 set_section_perms(ro_perms
, prot
);
748 #endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA */
751 static inline void fix_kernmem_perms(void) { }
752 #endif /* CONFIG_ARM_KERNMEM_PERMS */
754 void free_tcmmem(void)
756 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
757 extern char __tcm_start
, __tcm_end
;
759 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start
, &__tcm_end
- &__tcm_start
);
760 free_reserved_area(&__tcm_start
, &__tcm_end
, -1, "TCM link");
764 void free_initmem(void)
769 poison_init_mem(__init_begin
, __init_end
- __init_begin
);
770 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
771 free_initmem_default(-1);
774 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
776 static int keep_initrd
;
778 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
781 if (start
== initrd_start
)
782 start
= round_down(start
, PAGE_SIZE
);
783 if (end
== initrd_end
)
784 end
= round_up(end
, PAGE_SIZE
);
786 poison_init_mem((void *)start
, PAGE_ALIGN(end
) - start
);
787 free_reserved_area((void *)start
, (void *)end
, -1, "initrd");
791 static int __init
keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused
)
797 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup
);