[deliverable/linux.git] / arch / x86 / kernel / cpu / perf_counter.c

/*
 * Performance counter x86 architecture code
 *
 *  Copyright(C) 2008 Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
 *  Copyright(C) 2008 Red Hat, Inc., Ingo Molnar
 *  Copyright(C) 2009 Jaswinder Singh Rajput
 *
 *  For licencing details see kernel-base/COPYING
 */

#include <linux/perf_counter.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kdebug.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>

#include <asm/apic.h>
#include <asm/stacktrace.h>
#include <asm/nmi.h>

static bool perf_counters_initialized __read_mostly;

/*
 * Number of (generic) HW counters:
 */
static int nr_counters_generic __read_mostly;
static u64 perf_counter_mask __read_mostly;
static u64 counter_value_mask __read_mostly;
static int counter_value_bits __read_mostly;

static int nr_counters_fixed __read_mostly;

struct cpu_hw_counters {
        struct perf_counter     *counters[X86_PMC_IDX_MAX];
        unsigned long           used[BITS_TO_LONGS(X86_PMC_IDX_MAX)];
        unsigned long           interrupts;
        u64                     throttle_ctrl;
        unsigned long           active_mask[BITS_TO_LONGS(X86_PMC_IDX_MAX)];
        int                     enabled;
};

/*
 * struct pmc_x86_ops - performance counter x86 ops
 */
struct pmc_x86_ops {
        u64             (*save_disable_all)(void);
        void            (*restore_all)(u64);
        u64             (*get_status)(u64);
        void            (*ack_status)(u64);
        void            (*enable)(int, u64);
        void            (*disable)(int, u64);
        unsigned        eventsel;
        unsigned        perfctr;
        u64             (*event_map)(int);
        u64             (*raw_event)(u64);
        int             max_events;
};

static struct pmc_x86_ops *pmc_ops __read_mostly;

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_hw_counters, cpu_hw_counters) = {
        .enabled = 1,
};

static __read_mostly int intel_perfmon_version;

/*
 * Intel PerfMon v3. Used on Core2 and later.
 */
static const u64 intel_perfmon_event_map[] =
{
  [PERF_COUNT_CPU_CYCLES]               = 0x003c,
  [PERF_COUNT_INSTRUCTIONS]             = 0x00c0,
  [PERF_COUNT_CACHE_REFERENCES]         = 0x4f2e,
  [PERF_COUNT_CACHE_MISSES]             = 0x412e,
  [PERF_COUNT_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS]      = 0x00c4,
  [PERF_COUNT_BRANCH_MISSES]            = 0x00c5,
  [PERF_COUNT_BUS_CYCLES]               = 0x013c,
};

static u64 pmc_intel_event_map(int event)
{
        return intel_perfmon_event_map[event];
}

static u64 pmc_intel_raw_event(u64 event)
{
#define CORE_EVNTSEL_EVENT_MASK         0x000000FFULL
#define CORE_EVNTSEL_UNIT_MASK          0x0000FF00ULL
#define CORE_EVNTSEL_COUNTER_MASK       0xFF000000ULL

#define CORE_EVNTSEL_MASK               \
        (CORE_EVNTSEL_EVENT_MASK |      \
         CORE_EVNTSEL_UNIT_MASK  |      \
         CORE_EVNTSEL_COUNTER_MASK)

        return event & CORE_EVNTSEL_MASK;
}

/*
 * AMD Performance Monitor K7 and later.
 */
static const u64 amd_perfmon_event_map[] =
{
  [PERF_COUNT_CPU_CYCLES]               = 0x0076,
  [PERF_COUNT_INSTRUCTIONS]             = 0x00c0,
  [PERF_COUNT_CACHE_REFERENCES]         = 0x0080,
  [PERF_COUNT_CACHE_MISSES]             = 0x0081,
  [PERF_COUNT_BRANCH_INSTRUCTIONS]      = 0x00c4,
  [PERF_COUNT_BRANCH_MISSES]            = 0x00c5,
};

static u64 pmc_amd_event_map(int event)
{
        return amd_perfmon_event_map[event];
}

static u64 pmc_amd_raw_event(u64 event)
{
#define K7_EVNTSEL_EVENT_MASK   0x7000000FFULL
#define K7_EVNTSEL_UNIT_MASK    0x00000FF00ULL
#define K7_EVNTSEL_COUNTER_MASK 0x0FF000000ULL

#define K7_EVNTSEL_MASK                 \
        (K7_EVNTSEL_EVENT_MASK |        \
         K7_EVNTSEL_UNIT_MASK  |        \
         K7_EVNTSEL_COUNTER_MASK)

        return event & K7_EVNTSEL_MASK;
}

/*
 * Propagate counter elapsed time into the generic counter.
 * Can only be executed on the CPU where the counter is active.
 * Returns the delta events processed.
 */
static void
x86_perf_counter_update(struct perf_counter *counter,
                        struct hw_perf_counter *hwc, int idx)
{
        u64 prev_raw_count, new_raw_count, delta;

        /*
         * Careful: an NMI might modify the previous counter value.
         *
         * Our tactic to handle this is to first atomically read and
         * exchange a new raw count - then add that new-prev delta
         * count to the generic counter atomically:
         */
again:
        prev_raw_count = atomic64_read(&hwc->prev_count);
        rdmsrl(hwc->counter_base + idx, new_raw_count);

        if (atomic64_cmpxchg(&hwc->prev_count, prev_raw_count,
                                        new_raw_count) != prev_raw_count)
                goto again;

        /*
         * Now we have the new raw value and have updated the prev
         * timestamp already. We can now calculate the elapsed delta
         * (counter-)time and add that to the generic counter.
         *
         * Careful, not all hw sign-extends above the physical width
         * of the count, so we do that by clipping the delta to 32 bits:
         */
        delta = (u64)(u32)((s32)new_raw_count - (s32)prev_raw_count);

        atomic64_add(delta, &counter->count);
        atomic64_sub(delta, &hwc->period_left);
}

static atomic_t num_counters;
static DEFINE_MUTEX(pmc_reserve_mutex);

static bool reserve_pmc_hardware(void)
{
        int i;

        if (nmi_watchdog == NMI_LOCAL_APIC)
                disable_lapic_nmi_watchdog();

        for (i = 0; i < nr_counters_generic; i++) {
                if (!reserve_perfctr_nmi(pmc_ops->perfctr + i))
                        goto perfctr_fail;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < nr_counters_generic; i++) {
                if (!reserve_evntsel_nmi(pmc_ops->eventsel + i))
                        goto eventsel_fail;
        }

        return true;

eventsel_fail:
        for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
                release_evntsel_nmi(pmc_ops->eventsel + i);

        i = nr_counters_generic;

perfctr_fail:
        for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
                release_perfctr_nmi(pmc_ops->perfctr + i);

        if (nmi_watchdog == NMI_LOCAL_APIC)
                enable_lapic_nmi_watchdog();

        return false;
}

static void release_pmc_hardware(void)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < nr_counters_generic; i++) {
                release_perfctr_nmi(pmc_ops->perfctr + i);
                release_evntsel_nmi(pmc_ops->eventsel + i);
        }

        if (nmi_watchdog == NMI_LOCAL_APIC)
                enable_lapic_nmi_watchdog();
}

static void hw_perf_counter_destroy(struct perf_counter *counter)
{
        if (atomic_dec_and_mutex_lock(&num_counters, &pmc_reserve_mutex)) {
                release_pmc_hardware();
                mutex_unlock(&pmc_reserve_mutex);
        }
}

/*
 * Setup the hardware configuration for a given hw_event_type
 */
static int __hw_perf_counter_init(struct perf_counter *counter)
{
        struct perf_counter_hw_event *hw_event = &counter->hw_event;
        struct hw_perf_counter *hwc = &counter->hw;
        int err;

        if (unlikely(!perf_counters_initialized))
                return -EINVAL;

        err = 0;
        if (atomic_inc_not_zero(&num_counters)) {
                mutex_lock(&pmc_reserve_mutex);
                if (atomic_read(&num_counters) == 0 && !reserve_pmc_hardware())
                        err = -EBUSY;
                else
                        atomic_inc(&num_counters);
                mutex_unlock(&pmc_reserve_mutex);
        }
        if (err)
                return err;

        /*
         * Generate PMC IRQs:
         * (keep 'enabled' bit clear for now)
         */
        hwc->config = ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_INT;

        /*
         * Count user and OS events unless requested not to.
         */
        if (!hw_event->exclude_user)
                hwc->config |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_USR;
        if (!hw_event->exclude_kernel)
                hwc->config |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_OS;

        /*
         * If privileged enough, allow NMI events:
         */
        hwc->nmi = 0;
        if (capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN) && hw_event->nmi)
                hwc->nmi = 1;

        hwc->irq_period         = hw_event->irq_period;
        /*
         * Intel PMCs cannot be accessed sanely above 32 bit width,
         * so we install an artificial 1<<31 period regardless of
         * the generic counter period:
         */
        if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_INTEL)
                if ((s64)hwc->irq_period <= 0 || hwc->irq_period > 0x7FFFFFFF)
                        hwc->irq_period = 0x7FFFFFFF;

        atomic64_set(&hwc->period_left, hwc->irq_period);

        /*
         * Raw event type provide the config in the event structure
         */
        if (perf_event_raw(hw_event)) {
                hwc->config |= pmc_ops->raw_event(perf_event_config(hw_event));
        } else {
                if (perf_event_id(hw_event) >= pmc_ops->max_events)
                        return -EINVAL;
                /*
                 * The generic map:
                 */
                hwc->config |= pmc_ops->event_map(perf_event_id(hw_event));
        }

        counter->destroy = hw_perf_counter_destroy;

        return 0;
}

static u64 pmc_intel_save_disable_all(void)
{
        u64 ctrl;

        rdmsrl(MSR_CORE_PERF_GLOBAL_CTRL, ctrl);
        wrmsrl(MSR_CORE_PERF_GLOBAL_CTRL, 0);

        return ctrl;
}

static u64 pmc_amd_save_disable_all(void)
{
        struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuc = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);
        int enabled, idx;

        enabled = cpuc->enabled;
        cpuc->enabled = 0;
        /*
         * ensure we write the disable before we start disabling the
         * counters proper, so that pcm_amd_enable() does the right thing.
         */
        barrier();

        for (idx = 0; idx < nr_counters_generic; idx++) {
                u64 val;

                rdmsrl(MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0 + idx, val);
                if (val & ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE) {
                        val &= ~ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
                        wrmsrl(MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0 + idx, val);
                }
        }

        return enabled;
}

u64 hw_perf_save_disable(void)
{
        if (unlikely(!perf_counters_initialized))
                return 0;

        return pmc_ops->save_disable_all();
}
/*
 * Exported because of ACPI idle
 */
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hw_perf_save_disable);

static void pmc_intel_restore_all(u64 ctrl)
{
        wrmsrl(MSR_CORE_PERF_GLOBAL_CTRL, ctrl);
}

static void pmc_amd_restore_all(u64 ctrl)
{
        struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuc = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);
        int idx;

        cpuc->enabled = ctrl;
        barrier();
        if (!ctrl)
                return;

        for (idx = 0; idx < nr_counters_generic; idx++) {
                if (test_bit(idx, cpuc->active_mask)) {
                        u64 val;

                        rdmsrl(MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0 + idx, val);
                        val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;
                        wrmsrl(MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0 + idx, val);
                }
        }
}

void hw_perf_restore(u64 ctrl)
{
        if (unlikely(!perf_counters_initialized))
                return;

        pmc_ops->restore_all(ctrl);
}
/*
 * Exported because of ACPI idle
 */
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(hw_perf_restore);

static u64 pmc_intel_get_status(u64 mask)
{
        u64 status;

        rdmsrl(MSR_CORE_PERF_GLOBAL_STATUS, status);

        return status;
}

static u64 pmc_amd_get_status(u64 mask)
{
        u64 status = 0;
        int idx;

        for (idx = 0; idx < nr_counters_generic; idx++) {
                s64 val;

                if (!(mask & (1 << idx)))
                        continue;

                rdmsrl(MSR_K7_PERFCTR0 + idx, val);
                val <<= (64 - counter_value_bits);
                if (val >= 0)
                        status |= (1 << idx);
        }

        return status;
}

static u64 hw_perf_get_status(u64 mask)
{
        if (unlikely(!perf_counters_initialized))
                return 0;

        return pmc_ops->get_status(mask);
}

static void pmc_intel_ack_status(u64 ack)
{
        wrmsrl(MSR_CORE_PERF_GLOBAL_OVF_CTRL, ack);
}

static void pmc_amd_ack_status(u64 ack)
{
}

static void hw_perf_ack_status(u64 ack)
{
        if (unlikely(!perf_counters_initialized))
                return;

        pmc_ops->ack_status(ack);
}

static void pmc_intel_enable(int idx, u64 config)
{
        wrmsrl(MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0 + idx,
                        config | ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE);
}

static void pmc_amd_enable(int idx, u64 config)
{
        struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuc = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);

        set_bit(idx, cpuc->active_mask);
        if (cpuc->enabled)
                config |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0_ENABLE;

        wrmsrl(MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0 + idx, config);
}

static void hw_perf_enable(int idx, u64 config)
{
        if (unlikely(!perf_counters_initialized))
                return;

        pmc_ops->enable(idx, config);
}

static void pmc_intel_disable(int idx, u64 config)
{
        wrmsrl(MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0 + idx, config);
}

static void pmc_amd_disable(int idx, u64 config)
{
        struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuc = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);

        clear_bit(idx, cpuc->active_mask);
        wrmsrl(MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0 + idx, config);

}

static void hw_perf_disable(int idx, u64 config)
{
        if (unlikely(!perf_counters_initialized))
                return;

        pmc_ops->disable(idx, config);
}

static inline void
__pmc_fixed_disable(struct perf_counter *counter,
                    struct hw_perf_counter *hwc, unsigned int __idx)
{
        int idx = __idx - X86_PMC_IDX_FIXED;
        u64 ctrl_val, mask;
        int err;

        mask = 0xfULL << (idx * 4);

        rdmsrl(hwc->config_base, ctrl_val);
        ctrl_val &= ~mask;
        err = checking_wrmsrl(hwc->config_base, ctrl_val);
}

static inline void
__pmc_generic_disable(struct perf_counter *counter,
                           struct hw_perf_counter *hwc, unsigned int idx)
{
        if (unlikely(hwc->config_base == MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_FIXED_CTR_CTRL))
                __pmc_fixed_disable(counter, hwc, idx);
        else
                hw_perf_disable(idx, hwc->config);
}

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64, prev_left[X86_PMC_IDX_MAX]);

/*
 * Set the next IRQ period, based on the hwc->period_left value.
 * To be called with the counter disabled in hw:
 */
static void
__hw_perf_counter_set_period(struct perf_counter *counter,
                             struct hw_perf_counter *hwc, int idx)
{
        s64 left = atomic64_read(&hwc->period_left);
        s64 period = hwc->irq_period;
        int err;

        /*
         * If we are way outside a reasoable range then just skip forward:
         */
        if (unlikely(left <= -period)) {
                left = period;
                atomic64_set(&hwc->period_left, left);
        }

        if (unlikely(left <= 0)) {
                left += period;
                atomic64_set(&hwc->period_left, left);
        }

        per_cpu(prev_left[idx], smp_processor_id()) = left;

        /*
         * The hw counter starts counting from this counter offset,
         * mark it to be able to extra future deltas:
         */
        atomic64_set(&hwc->prev_count, (u64)-left);

        err = checking_wrmsrl(hwc->counter_base + idx,
                             (u64)(-left) & counter_value_mask);
}

static inline void
__pmc_fixed_enable(struct perf_counter *counter,
                   struct hw_perf_counter *hwc, unsigned int __idx)
{
        int idx = __idx - X86_PMC_IDX_FIXED;
        u64 ctrl_val, bits, mask;
        int err;

        /*
         * Enable IRQ generation (0x8),
         * and enable ring-3 counting (0x2) and ring-0 counting (0x1)
         * if requested:
         */
        bits = 0x8ULL;
        if (hwc->config & ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_USR)
                bits |= 0x2;
        if (hwc->config & ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_OS)
                bits |= 0x1;
        bits <<= (idx * 4);
        mask = 0xfULL << (idx * 4);

        rdmsrl(hwc->config_base, ctrl_val);
        ctrl_val &= ~mask;
        ctrl_val |= bits;
        err = checking_wrmsrl(hwc->config_base, ctrl_val);
}

static void
__pmc_generic_enable(struct perf_counter *counter,
                          struct hw_perf_counter *hwc, int idx)
{
        if (unlikely(hwc->config_base == MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_FIXED_CTR_CTRL))
                __pmc_fixed_enable(counter, hwc, idx);
        else
                hw_perf_enable(idx, hwc->config);
}

static int
fixed_mode_idx(struct perf_counter *counter, struct hw_perf_counter *hwc)
{
        unsigned int event;

        if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD)
                return -1;

        if (unlikely(hwc->nmi))
                return -1;

        event = hwc->config & ARCH_PERFMON_EVENT_MASK;

        if (unlikely(event == pmc_ops->event_map(PERF_COUNT_INSTRUCTIONS)))
                return X86_PMC_IDX_FIXED_INSTRUCTIONS;
        if (unlikely(event == pmc_ops->event_map(PERF_COUNT_CPU_CYCLES)))
                return X86_PMC_IDX_FIXED_CPU_CYCLES;
        if (unlikely(event == pmc_ops->event_map(PERF_COUNT_BUS_CYCLES)))
                return X86_PMC_IDX_FIXED_BUS_CYCLES;

        return -1;
}

/*
 * Find a PMC slot for the freshly enabled / scheduled in counter:
 */
static int pmc_generic_enable(struct perf_counter *counter)
{
        struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuc = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);
        struct hw_perf_counter *hwc = &counter->hw;
        int idx;

        idx = fixed_mode_idx(counter, hwc);
        if (idx >= 0) {
                /*
                 * Try to get the fixed counter, if that is already taken
                 * then try to get a generic counter:
                 */
                if (test_and_set_bit(idx, cpuc->used))
                        goto try_generic;

                hwc->config_base = MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_FIXED_CTR_CTRL;
                /*
                 * We set it so that counter_base + idx in wrmsr/rdmsr maps to
                 * MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_FIXED_CTR0 ... CTR2:
                 */
                hwc->counter_base =
                        MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_FIXED_CTR0 - X86_PMC_IDX_FIXED;
                hwc->idx = idx;
        } else {
                idx = hwc->idx;
                /* Try to get the previous generic counter again */
                if (test_and_set_bit(idx, cpuc->used)) {
try_generic:
                        idx = find_first_zero_bit(cpuc->used, nr_counters_generic);
                        if (idx == nr_counters_generic)
                                return -EAGAIN;

                        set_bit(idx, cpuc->used);
                        hwc->idx = idx;
                }
                hwc->config_base  = pmc_ops->eventsel;
                hwc->counter_base = pmc_ops->perfctr;
        }

        perf_counters_lapic_init(hwc->nmi);

        __pmc_generic_disable(counter, hwc, idx);

        cpuc->counters[idx] = counter;
        /*
         * Make it visible before enabling the hw:
         */
        smp_wmb();

        __hw_perf_counter_set_period(counter, hwc, idx);
        __pmc_generic_enable(counter, hwc, idx);

        return 0;
}

void perf_counter_print_debug(void)
{
        u64 ctrl, status, overflow, pmc_ctrl, pmc_count, prev_left, fixed;
        struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuc;
        int cpu, idx;

        if (!nr_counters_generic)
                return;

        local_irq_disable();

        cpu = smp_processor_id();
        cpuc = &per_cpu(cpu_hw_counters, cpu);

        if (intel_perfmon_version >= 2) {
                rdmsrl(MSR_CORE_PERF_GLOBAL_CTRL, ctrl);
                rdmsrl(MSR_CORE_PERF_GLOBAL_STATUS, status);
                rdmsrl(MSR_CORE_PERF_GLOBAL_OVF_CTRL, overflow);
                rdmsrl(MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_FIXED_CTR_CTRL, fixed);

                pr_info("\n");
                pr_info("CPU#%d: ctrl:       %016llx\n", cpu, ctrl);
                pr_info("CPU#%d: status:     %016llx\n", cpu, status);
                pr_info("CPU#%d: overflow:   %016llx\n", cpu, overflow);
                pr_info("CPU#%d: fixed:      %016llx\n", cpu, fixed);
        }
        pr_info("CPU#%d: used:       %016llx\n", cpu, *(u64 *)cpuc->used);

        for (idx = 0; idx < nr_counters_generic; idx++) {
                rdmsrl(pmc_ops->eventsel + idx, pmc_ctrl);
                rdmsrl(pmc_ops->perfctr  + idx, pmc_count);

                prev_left = per_cpu(prev_left[idx], cpu);

                pr_info("CPU#%d:   gen-PMC%d ctrl:  %016llx\n",
                        cpu, idx, pmc_ctrl);
                pr_info("CPU#%d:   gen-PMC%d count: %016llx\n",
                        cpu, idx, pmc_count);
                pr_info("CPU#%d:   gen-PMC%d left:  %016llx\n",
                        cpu, idx, prev_left);
        }
        for (idx = 0; idx < nr_counters_fixed; idx++) {
                rdmsrl(MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_FIXED_CTR0 + idx, pmc_count);

                pr_info("CPU#%d: fixed-PMC%d count: %016llx\n",
                        cpu, idx, pmc_count);
        }
        local_irq_enable();
}

static void pmc_generic_disable(struct perf_counter *counter)
{
        struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuc = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);
        struct hw_perf_counter *hwc = &counter->hw;
        unsigned int idx = hwc->idx;

        __pmc_generic_disable(counter, hwc, idx);

        clear_bit(idx, cpuc->used);
        cpuc->counters[idx] = NULL;
        /*
         * Make sure the cleared pointer becomes visible before we
         * (potentially) free the counter:
         */
        smp_wmb();

        /*
         * Drain the remaining delta count out of a counter
         * that we are disabling:
         */
        x86_perf_counter_update(counter, hwc, idx);
}

/*
 * Save and restart an expired counter. Called by NMI contexts,
 * so it has to be careful about preempting normal counter ops:
 */
static void perf_save_and_restart(struct perf_counter *counter)
{
        struct hw_perf_counter *hwc = &counter->hw;
        int idx = hwc->idx;

        x86_perf_counter_update(counter, hwc, idx);
        __hw_perf_counter_set_period(counter, hwc, idx);

        if (counter->state == PERF_COUNTER_STATE_ACTIVE)
                __pmc_generic_enable(counter, hwc, idx);
}

/*
 * Maximum interrupt frequency of 100KHz per CPU
 */
#define PERFMON_MAX_INTERRUPTS (100000/HZ)

/*
 * This handler is triggered by the local APIC, so the APIC IRQ handling
 * rules apply:
 */
static int __smp_perf_counter_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs, int nmi)
{
        int bit, cpu = smp_processor_id();
        u64 ack, status;
        struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuc = &per_cpu(cpu_hw_counters, cpu);
        int ret = 0;

        cpuc->throttle_ctrl = hw_perf_save_disable();

        status = hw_perf_get_status(cpuc->throttle_ctrl);
        if (!status)
                goto out;

        ret = 1;
again:
        inc_irq_stat(apic_perf_irqs);
        ack = status;
        for_each_bit(bit, (unsigned long *)&status, X86_PMC_IDX_MAX) {
                struct perf_counter *counter = cpuc->counters[bit];

                clear_bit(bit, (unsigned long *) &status);
                if (!counter)
                        continue;

                perf_save_and_restart(counter);
                perf_counter_output(counter, nmi, regs);
        }

        hw_perf_ack_status(ack);

        /*
         * Repeat if there is more work to be done:
         */
        status = hw_perf_get_status(cpuc->throttle_ctrl);
        if (status)
                goto again;
out:
        /*
         * Restore - do not reenable when global enable is off or throttled:
         */
        if (++cpuc->interrupts < PERFMON_MAX_INTERRUPTS)
                hw_perf_restore(cpuc->throttle_ctrl);

        return ret;
}

void perf_counter_unthrottle(void)
{
        struct cpu_hw_counters *cpuc;

        if (!cpu_has(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_ARCH_PERFMON))
                return;

        if (unlikely(!perf_counters_initialized))
                return;

        cpuc = &__get_cpu_var(cpu_hw_counters);
        if (cpuc->interrupts >= PERFMON_MAX_INTERRUPTS) {
                if (printk_ratelimit())
                        printk(KERN_WARNING "PERFMON: max interrupts exceeded!\n");
                hw_perf_restore(cpuc->throttle_ctrl);
        }
        cpuc->interrupts = 0;
}

void smp_perf_counter_interrupt(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        irq_enter();
        apic_write(APIC_LVTPC, LOCAL_PERF_VECTOR);
        ack_APIC_irq();
        __smp_perf_counter_interrupt(regs, 0);
        irq_exit();
}

void perf_counters_lapic_init(int nmi)
{
        u32 apic_val;

        if (!perf_counters_initialized)
                return;
        /*
         * Enable the performance counter vector in the APIC LVT:
         */
        apic_val = apic_read(APIC_LVTERR);

        apic_write(APIC_LVTERR, apic_val | APIC_LVT_MASKED);
        if (nmi)
                apic_write(APIC_LVTPC, APIC_DM_NMI);
        else
                apic_write(APIC_LVTPC, LOCAL_PERF_VECTOR);
        apic_write(APIC_LVTERR, apic_val);
}

static int __kprobes
perf_counter_nmi_handler(struct notifier_block *self,
                         unsigned long cmd, void *__args)
{
        struct die_args *args = __args;
        struct pt_regs *regs;
        int ret;

        switch (cmd) {
        case DIE_NMI:
        case DIE_NMI_IPI:
                break;

        default:
                return NOTIFY_DONE;
        }

        regs = args->regs;

        apic_write(APIC_LVTPC, APIC_DM_NMI);
        ret = __smp_perf_counter_interrupt(regs, 1);

        return ret ? NOTIFY_STOP : NOTIFY_OK;
}

static __read_mostly struct notifier_block perf_counter_nmi_notifier = {
        .notifier_call          = perf_counter_nmi_handler,
        .next                   = NULL,
        .priority               = 1
};

static struct pmc_x86_ops pmc_intel_ops = {
        .save_disable_all       = pmc_intel_save_disable_all,
        .restore_all            = pmc_intel_restore_all,
        .get_status             = pmc_intel_get_status,
        .ack_status             = pmc_intel_ack_status,
        .enable                 = pmc_intel_enable,
        .disable                = pmc_intel_disable,
        .eventsel               = MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL0,
        .perfctr                = MSR_ARCH_PERFMON_PERFCTR0,
        .event_map              = pmc_intel_event_map,
        .raw_event              = pmc_intel_raw_event,
        .max_events             = ARRAY_SIZE(intel_perfmon_event_map),
};

static struct pmc_x86_ops pmc_amd_ops = {
        .save_disable_all       = pmc_amd_save_disable_all,
        .restore_all            = pmc_amd_restore_all,
        .get_status             = pmc_amd_get_status,
        .ack_status             = pmc_amd_ack_status,
        .enable                 = pmc_amd_enable,
        .disable                = pmc_amd_disable,
        .eventsel               = MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0,
        .perfctr                = MSR_K7_PERFCTR0,
        .event_map              = pmc_amd_event_map,
        .raw_event              = pmc_amd_raw_event,
        .max_events             = ARRAY_SIZE(amd_perfmon_event_map),
};

static struct pmc_x86_ops *pmc_intel_init(void)
{
        union cpuid10_edx edx;
        union cpuid10_eax eax;
        unsigned int unused;
        unsigned int ebx;

        /*
         * Check whether the Architectural PerfMon supports
         * Branch Misses Retired Event or not.
         */
        cpuid(10, &eax.full, &ebx, &unused, &edx.full);
        if (eax.split.mask_length <= ARCH_PERFMON_BRANCH_MISSES_RETIRED)
                return NULL;

        intel_perfmon_version = eax.split.version_id;
        if (intel_perfmon_version < 2)
                return NULL;

        pr_info("Intel Performance Monitoring support detected.\n");
        pr_info("... version:         %d\n", intel_perfmon_version);
        pr_info("... bit width:       %d\n", eax.split.bit_width);
        pr_info("... mask length:     %d\n", eax.split.mask_length);

        nr_counters_generic = eax.split.num_counters;
        nr_counters_fixed = edx.split.num_counters_fixed;
        counter_value_mask = (1ULL << eax.split.bit_width) - 1;

        return &pmc_intel_ops;
}

static struct pmc_x86_ops *pmc_amd_init(void)
{
        nr_counters_generic = 4;
        nr_counters_fixed = 0;
        counter_value_mask = 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
        counter_value_bits = 48;

        pr_info("AMD Performance Monitoring support detected.\n");

        return &pmc_amd_ops;
}

void __init init_hw_perf_counters(void)
{
        if (!cpu_has(&boot_cpu_data, X86_FEATURE_ARCH_PERFMON))
                return;

        switch (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor) {
        case X86_VENDOR_INTEL:
                pmc_ops = pmc_intel_init();
                break;
        case X86_VENDOR_AMD:
                pmc_ops = pmc_amd_init();
                break;
        }
        if (!pmc_ops)
                return;

        pr_info("... num counters:    %d\n", nr_counters_generic);
        if (nr_counters_generic > X86_PMC_MAX_GENERIC) {
                nr_counters_generic = X86_PMC_MAX_GENERIC;
                WARN(1, KERN_ERR "hw perf counters %d > max(%d), clipping!",
                        nr_counters_generic, X86_PMC_MAX_GENERIC);
        }
        perf_counter_mask = (1 << nr_counters_generic) - 1;
        perf_max_counters = nr_counters_generic;

        pr_info("... value mask:      %016Lx\n", counter_value_mask);

        if (nr_counters_fixed > X86_PMC_MAX_FIXED) {
                nr_counters_fixed = X86_PMC_MAX_FIXED;
                WARN(1, KERN_ERR "hw perf counters fixed %d > max(%d), clipping!",
                        nr_counters_fixed, X86_PMC_MAX_FIXED);
        }
        pr_info("... fixed counters:  %d\n", nr_counters_fixed);

        perf_counter_mask |= ((1LL << nr_counters_fixed)-1) << X86_PMC_IDX_FIXED;

        pr_info("... counter mask:    %016Lx\n", perf_counter_mask);
        perf_counters_initialized = true;

        perf_counters_lapic_init(0);
        register_die_notifier(&perf_counter_nmi_notifier);
}

static void pmc_generic_read(struct perf_counter *counter)
{
        x86_perf_counter_update(counter, &counter->hw, counter->hw.idx);
}

static const struct hw_perf_counter_ops x86_perf_counter_ops = {
        .enable         = pmc_generic_enable,
        .disable        = pmc_generic_disable,
        .read           = pmc_generic_read,
};

const struct hw_perf_counter_ops *
hw_perf_counter_init(struct perf_counter *counter)
{
        int err;

        err = __hw_perf_counter_init(counter);
        if (err)
                return ERR_PTR(err);

        return &x86_perf_counter_ops;
}

/*
 * callchain support
 */

static inline
void callchain_store(struct perf_callchain_entry *entry, unsigned long ip)
{
        if (entry->nr < MAX_STACK_DEPTH)
                entry->ip[entry->nr++] = ip;
}

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_callchain_entry, irq_entry);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_callchain_entry, nmi_entry);


static void
backtrace_warning_symbol(void *data, char *msg, unsigned long symbol)
{
        /* Ignore warnings */
}

static void backtrace_warning(void *data, char *msg)
{
        /* Ignore warnings */
}

static int backtrace_stack(void *data, char *name)
{
        /* Don't bother with IRQ stacks for now */
        return -1;
}

static void backtrace_address(void *data, unsigned long addr, int reliable)
{
        struct perf_callchain_entry *entry = data;

        if (reliable)
                callchain_store(entry, addr);
}

static const struct stacktrace_ops backtrace_ops = {
        .warning                = backtrace_warning,
        .warning_symbol         = backtrace_warning_symbol,
        .stack                  = backtrace_stack,
        .address                = backtrace_address,
};

static void
perf_callchain_kernel(struct pt_regs *regs, struct perf_callchain_entry *entry)
{
        unsigned long bp;
        char *stack;

        callchain_store(entry, instruction_pointer(regs));

        stack = ((char *)regs + sizeof(struct pt_regs));
#ifdef CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER
        bp = frame_pointer(regs);
#else
        bp = 0;
#endif

        dump_trace(NULL, regs, (void *)stack, bp, &backtrace_ops, entry);
}


struct stack_frame {
        const void __user       *next_fp;
        unsigned long           return_address;
};

static int copy_stack_frame(const void __user *fp, struct stack_frame *frame)
{
        int ret;

        if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ, fp, sizeof(*frame)))
                return 0;

        ret = 1;
        pagefault_disable();
        if (__copy_from_user_inatomic(frame, fp, sizeof(*frame)))
                ret = 0;
        pagefault_enable();

        return ret;
}

static void
perf_callchain_user(struct pt_regs *regs, struct perf_callchain_entry *entry)
{
        struct stack_frame frame;
        const void __user *fp;

        regs = (struct pt_regs *)current->thread.sp0 - 1;
        fp   = (void __user *)regs->bp;

        callchain_store(entry, regs->ip);

        while (entry->nr < MAX_STACK_DEPTH) {
                frame.next_fp        = NULL;
                frame.return_address = 0;

                if (!copy_stack_frame(fp, &frame))
                        break;

                if ((unsigned long)fp < user_stack_pointer(regs))
                        break;

                callchain_store(entry, frame.return_address);
                fp = frame.next_fp;
        }
}

static void
perf_do_callchain(struct pt_regs *regs, struct perf_callchain_entry *entry)
{
        int is_user;

        if (!regs)
                return;

        is_user = user_mode(regs);

        if (!current || current->pid == 0)
                return;

        if (is_user && current->state != TASK_RUNNING)
                return;

        if (!is_user)
                perf_callchain_kernel(regs, entry);

        if (current->mm)
                perf_callchain_user(regs, entry);
}

struct perf_callchain_entry *perf_callchain(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        struct perf_callchain_entry *entry;

        if (in_nmi())
                entry = &__get_cpu_var(nmi_entry);
        else
                entry = &__get_cpu_var(irq_entry);

        entry->nr = 0;

        perf_do_callchain(regs, entry);

        return entry;
}