arch/x86/kernel/process_32.c

   1 /*
   2  *  Copyright (C) 1995  Linus Torvalds
   3  *
   4  *  Pentium III FXSR, SSE support
   5  *      Gareth Hughes <gareth@valinux.com>, May 2000
   6  */
   7
   8 /*
   9  * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of process handling..
  10  */
  11
  12 #include <linux/cpu.h>
  13 #include <linux/errno.h>
  14 #include <linux/sched.h>
  15 #include <linux/fs.h>
  16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
  17 #include <linux/mm.h>
  18 #include <linux/elfcore.h>
  19 #include <linux/smp.h>
  20 #include <linux/stddef.h>
  21 #include <linux/slab.h>
  22 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
  23 #include <linux/user.h>
  24 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
  25 #include <linux/delay.h>
  26 #include <linux/reboot.h>
  27 #include <linux/mc146818rtc.h>
  28 #include <linux/module.h>
  29 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
  30 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
  31 #include <linux/personality.h>
  32 #include <linux/percpu.h>
  33 #include <linux/prctl.h>
  34 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
  35 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
  36 #include <linux/io.h>
  37 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
  38
  39 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
  40 #include <asm/ldt.h>
  41 #include <asm/processor.h>
  42 #include <asm/i387.h>
  43 #include <asm/fpu-internal.h>
  44 #include <asm/desc.h>
  45 #ifdef CONFIG_MATH_EMULATION
  46 #include <asm/math_emu.h>
  47 #endif
  48
  49 #include <linux/err.h>
  50
  51 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
  52 #include <asm/cpu.h>
  53 #include <asm/idle.h>
  54 #include <asm/syscalls.h>
  55 #include <asm/debugreg.h>
  56 #include <asm/switch_to.h>
  57
  58 asmlinkage void ret_from_fork(void) __asm__("ret_from_fork");
  59 asmlinkage void ret_from_kernel_thread(void) __asm__("ret_from_kernel_thread");
  60
  61 /*
  62  * Return saved PC of a blocked thread.
  63  */
  64 unsigned long thread_saved_pc(struct task_struct *tsk)
  65 {
  66         return ((unsigned long *)tsk->thread.sp)[3];
  67 }
  68
  69 void __show_regs(struct pt_regs *regs, int all)
  70 {
  71         unsigned long cr0 = 0L, cr2 = 0L, cr3 = 0L, cr4 = 0L;
  72         unsigned long d0, d1, d2, d3, d6, d7;
  73         unsigned long sp;
  74         unsigned short ss, gs;
  75
  76         if (user_mode_vm(regs)) {
  77                 sp = regs->sp;
  78                 ss = regs->ss & 0xffff;
  79                 gs = get_user_gs(regs);
  80         } else {
  81                 sp = kernel_stack_pointer(regs);
  82                 savesegment(ss, ss);
  83                 savesegment(gs, gs);
  84         }
  85
  86         printk(KERN_DEFAULT "EIP: %04x:[<%08lx>] EFLAGS: %08lx CPU: %d\n",
  87                         (u16)regs->cs, regs->ip, regs->flags,
  88                         smp_processor_id());
  89         print_symbol("EIP is at %s\n", regs->ip);
  90
  91         printk(KERN_DEFAULT "EAX: %08lx EBX: %08lx ECX: %08lx EDX: %08lx\n",
  92                 regs->ax, regs->bx, regs->cx, regs->dx);
  93         printk(KERN_DEFAULT "ESI: %08lx EDI: %08lx EBP: %08lx ESP: %08lx\n",
  94                 regs->si, regs->di, regs->bp, sp);
  95         printk(KERN_DEFAULT " DS: %04x ES: %04x FS: %04x GS: %04x SS: %04x\n",
  96                (u16)regs->ds, (u16)regs->es, (u16)regs->fs, gs, ss);
  97
  98         if (!all)
  99                 return;
 100
 101         cr0 = read_cr0();
 102         cr2 = read_cr2();
 103         cr3 = read_cr3();
 104         cr4 = read_cr4_safe();
 105         printk(KERN_DEFAULT "CR0: %08lx CR2: %08lx CR3: %08lx CR4: %08lx\n",
 106                         cr0, cr2, cr3, cr4);
 107
 108         get_debugreg(d0, 0);
 109         get_debugreg(d1, 1);
 110         get_debugreg(d2, 2);
 111         get_debugreg(d3, 3);
 112         get_debugreg(d6, 6);
 113         get_debugreg(d7, 7);
 114
 115         /* Only print out debug registers if they are in their non-default state. */
 116         if ((d0 == 0) && (d1 == 0) && (d2 == 0) && (d3 == 0) &&
 117             (d6 == DR6_RESERVED) && (d7 == 0x400))
 118                 return;
 119
 120         printk(KERN_DEFAULT "DR0: %08lx DR1: %08lx DR2: %08lx DR3: %08lx\n",
 121                         d0, d1, d2, d3);
 122         printk(KERN_DEFAULT "DR6: %08lx DR7: %08lx\n",
 123                         d6, d7);
 124 }
 125
 126 void release_thread(struct task_struct *dead_task)
 127 {
 128         BUG_ON(dead_task->mm);
 129         release_vm86_irqs(dead_task);
 130 }
 131
 132 int copy_thread(unsigned long clone_flags, unsigned long sp,
 133         unsigned long arg, struct task_struct *p)
 134 {
 135         struct pt_regs *childregs = task_pt_regs(p);
 136         struct task_struct *tsk;
 137         int err;
 138
 139         p->thread.sp = (unsigned long) childregs;
 140         p->thread.sp0 = (unsigned long) (childregs+1);
 141
 142         if (unlikely(p->flags & PF_KTHREAD)) {
 143                 /* kernel thread */
 144                 memset(childregs, 0, sizeof(struct pt_regs));
 145                 p->thread.ip = (unsigned long) ret_from_kernel_thread;
 146                 task_user_gs(p) = __KERNEL_STACK_CANARY;
 147                 childregs->ds = __USER_DS;
 148                 childregs->es = __USER_DS;
 149                 childregs->fs = __KERNEL_PERCPU;
 150                 childregs->bx = sp;     /* function */
 151                 childregs->bp = arg;
 152                 childregs->orig_ax = -1;
 153                 childregs->cs = __KERNEL_CS | get_kernel_rpl();
 154                 childregs->flags = X86_EFLAGS_IF | X86_EFLAGS_FIXED;
 155                 p->thread.fpu_counter = 0;
 156                 p->thread.io_bitmap_ptr = NULL;
 157                 memset(p->thread.ptrace_bps, 0, sizeof(p->thread.ptrace_bps));
 158                 return 0;
 159         }
 160         *childregs = *current_pt_regs();
 161         childregs->ax = 0;
 162         if (sp)
 163                 childregs->sp = sp;
 164
 165         p->thread.ip = (unsigned long) ret_from_fork;
 166         task_user_gs(p) = get_user_gs(current_pt_regs());
 167
 168         p->thread.fpu_counter = 0;
 169         p->thread.io_bitmap_ptr = NULL;
 170         tsk = current;
 171         err = -ENOMEM;
 172
 173         memset(p->thread.ptrace_bps, 0, sizeof(p->thread.ptrace_bps));
 174
 175         if (unlikely(test_tsk_thread_flag(tsk, TIF_IO_BITMAP))) {
 176                 p->thread.io_bitmap_ptr = kmemdup(tsk->thread.io_bitmap_ptr,
 177                                                 IO_BITMAP_BYTES, GFP_KERNEL);
 178                 if (!p->thread.io_bitmap_ptr) {
 179                         p->thread.io_bitmap_max = 0;
 180                         return -ENOMEM;
 181                 }
 182                 set_tsk_thread_flag(p, TIF_IO_BITMAP);
 183         }
 184
 185         err = 0;
 186
 187         /*
 188          * Set a new TLS for the child thread?
 189          */
 190         if (clone_flags & CLONE_SETTLS)
 191                 err = do_set_thread_area(p, -1,
 192                         (struct user_desc __user *)childregs->si, 0);
 193
 194         if (err && p->thread.io_bitmap_ptr) {
 195                 kfree(p->thread.io_bitmap_ptr);
 196                 p->thread.io_bitmap_max = 0;
 197         }
 198         return err;
 199 }
 200
 201 void
 202 start_thread(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long new_ip, unsigned long new_sp)
 203 {
 204         set_user_gs(regs, 0);
 205         regs->fs                = 0;
 206         regs->ds                = __USER_DS;
 207         regs->es                = __USER_DS;
 208         regs->ss                = __USER_DS;
 209         regs->cs                = __USER_CS;
 210         regs->ip                = new_ip;
 211         regs->sp                = new_sp;
 212         regs->flags             = X86_EFLAGS_IF;
 213         /*
 214          * force it to the iret return path by making it look as if there was
 215          * some work pending.
 216          */
 217         set_thread_flag(TIF_NOTIFY_RESUME);
 218 }
 219 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(start_thread);
 220
 221
 222 /*
 223  *      switch_to(x,y) should switch tasks from x to y.
 224  *
 225  * We fsave/fwait so that an exception goes off at the right time
 226  * (as a call from the fsave or fwait in effect) rather than to
 227  * the wrong process. Lazy FP saving no longer makes any sense
 228  * with modern CPU's, and this simplifies a lot of things (SMP
 229  * and UP become the same).
 230  *
 231  * NOTE! We used to use the x86 hardware context switching. The
 232  * reason for not using it any more becomes apparent when you
 233  * try to recover gracefully from saved state that is no longer
 234  * valid (stale segment register values in particular). With the
 235  * hardware task-switch, there is no way to fix up bad state in
 236  * a reasonable manner.
 237  *
 238  * The fact that Intel documents the hardware task-switching to
 239  * be slow is a fairly red herring - this code is not noticeably
 240  * faster. However, there _is_ some room for improvement here,
 241  * so the performance issues may eventually be a valid point.
 242  * More important, however, is the fact that this allows us much
 243  * more flexibility.
 244  *
 245  * The return value (in %ax) will be the "prev" task after
 246  * the task-switch, and shows up in ret_from_fork in entry.S,
 247  * for example.
 248  */
 249 __visible __notrace_funcgraph struct task_struct *
 250 __switch_to(struct task_struct *prev_p, struct task_struct *next_p)
 251 {
 252         struct thread_struct *prev = &prev_p->thread,
 253                                  *next = &next_p->thread;
 254         int cpu = smp_processor_id();
 255         struct tss_struct *tss = &per_cpu(init_tss, cpu);
 256         fpu_switch_t fpu;
 257
 258         /* never put a printk in __switch_to... printk() calls wake_up*() indirectly */
 259
 260         fpu = switch_fpu_prepare(prev_p, next_p, cpu);
 261
 262         /*
 263          * Reload esp0.
 264          */
 265         load_sp0(tss, next);
 266
 267         /*
 268          * Save away %gs. No need to save %fs, as it was saved on the
 269          * stack on entry.  No need to save %es and %ds, as those are
 270          * always kernel segments while inside the kernel.  Doing this
 271          * before setting the new TLS descriptors avoids the situation
 272          * where we temporarily have non-reloadable segments in %fs
 273          * and %gs.  This could be an issue if the NMI handler ever
 274          * used %fs or %gs (it does not today), or if the kernel is
 275          * running inside of a hypervisor layer.
 276          */
 277         lazy_save_gs(prev->gs);
 278
 279         /*
 280          * Load the per-thread Thread-Local Storage descriptor.
 281          */
 282         load_TLS(next, cpu);
 283
 284         /*
 285          * Restore IOPL if needed.  In normal use, the flags restore
 286          * in the switch assembly will handle this.  But if the kernel
 287          * is running virtualized at a non-zero CPL, the popf will
 288          * not restore flags, so it must be done in a separate step.
 289          */
 290         if (get_kernel_rpl() && unlikely(prev->iopl != next->iopl))
 291                 set_iopl_mask(next->iopl);
 292
 293         /*
 294          * If it were not for PREEMPT_ACTIVE we could guarantee that the
 295          * preempt_count of all tasks was equal here and this would not be
 296          * needed.
 297          */
 298         task_thread_info(prev_p)->saved_preempt_count = this_cpu_read(__preempt_count);
 299         this_cpu_write(__preempt_count, task_thread_info(next_p)->saved_preempt_count);
 300
 301         /*
 302          * Now maybe handle debug registers and/or IO bitmaps
 303          */
 304         if (unlikely(task_thread_info(prev_p)->flags & _TIF_WORK_CTXSW_PREV ||
 305                      task_thread_info(next_p)->flags & _TIF_WORK_CTXSW_NEXT))
 306                 __switch_to_xtra(prev_p, next_p, tss);
 307
 308         /*
 309          * Leave lazy mode, flushing any hypercalls made here.
 310          * This must be done before restoring TLS segments so
 311          * the GDT and LDT are properly updated, and must be
 312          * done before math_state_restore, so the TS bit is up
 313          * to date.
 314          */
 315         arch_end_context_switch(next_p);
 316
 317         this_cpu_write(kernel_stack,
 318                   (unsigned long)task_stack_page(next_p) +
 319                   THREAD_SIZE - KERNEL_STACK_OFFSET);
 320
 321         /*
 322          * Restore %gs if needed (which is common)
 323          */
 324         if (prev->gs | next->gs)
 325                 lazy_load_gs(next->gs);
 326
 327         switch_fpu_finish(next_p, fpu);
 328
 329         this_cpu_write(current_task, next_p);
 330
 331         return prev_p;
 332 }
 333
 334 #define top_esp                (THREAD_SIZE - sizeof(unsigned long))
 335 #define top_ebp                (THREAD_SIZE - 2*sizeof(unsigned long))
 336
 337 unsigned long get_wchan(struct task_struct *p)
 338 {
 339         unsigned long bp, sp, ip;
 340         unsigned long stack_page;
 341         int count = 0;
 342         if (!p || p == current || p->state == TASK_RUNNING)
 343                 return 0;
 344         stack_page = (unsigned long)task_stack_page(p);
 345         sp = p->thread.sp;
 346         if (!stack_page || sp < stack_page || sp > top_esp+stack_page)
 347                 return 0;
 348         /* include/asm-i386/system.h:switch_to() pushes bp last. */
 349         bp = *(unsigned long *) sp;
 350         do {
 351                 if (bp < stack_page || bp > top_ebp+stack_page)
 352                         return 0;
 353                 ip = *(unsigned long *) (bp+4);
 354                 if (!in_sched_functions(ip))
 355                         return ip;
 356                 bp = *(unsigned long *) bp;
 357         } while (count++ < 16);
 358         return 0;
 359 }
 360