[SCSI] tgt: move tsk_mgmt_response callback to transport class
[deliverable/linux.git] / drivers / scsi / scsi_tgt_lib.c
1 /*
2 * SCSI target lib functions
3 *
4 * Copyright (C) 2005 Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu>
5 * Copyright (C) 2005 FUJITA Tomonori <tomof@acm.org>
6 *
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
10 * License, or (at your option) any later version.
11 *
12 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
13 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
15 * General Public License for more details.
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
19 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
20 * 02110-1301 USA
21 */
22 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
23 #include <linux/hash.h>
24 #include <linux/module.h>
25 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
26 #include <scsi/scsi.h>
27 #include <scsi/scsi_cmnd.h>
28 #include <scsi/scsi_device.h>
29 #include <scsi/scsi_host.h>
30 #include <scsi/scsi_transport.h>
31 #include <scsi/scsi_tgt.h>
32
33 #include "scsi_tgt_priv.h"
34
35 static struct workqueue_struct *scsi_tgtd;
36 static struct kmem_cache *scsi_tgt_cmd_cache;
37
38 /*
39 * TODO: this struct will be killed when the block layer supports large bios
40 * and James's work struct code is in
41 */
42 struct scsi_tgt_cmd {
43 /* TODO replace work with James b's code */
44 struct work_struct work;
45 /* TODO fix limits of some drivers */
46 struct bio *bio;
47
48 struct list_head hash_list;
49 struct request *rq;
50 u64 itn_id;
51 u64 tag;
52 };
53
54 #define TGT_HASH_ORDER 4
55 #define cmd_hashfn(tag) hash_long((unsigned long) (tag), TGT_HASH_ORDER)
56
57 struct scsi_tgt_queuedata {
58 struct Scsi_Host *shost;
59 struct list_head cmd_hash[1 << TGT_HASH_ORDER];
60 spinlock_t cmd_hash_lock;
61 };
62
63 /*
64 * Function: scsi_host_get_command()
65 *
66 * Purpose: Allocate and setup a scsi command block and blk request
67 *
68 * Arguments: shost - scsi host
69 * data_dir - dma data dir
70 * gfp_mask- allocator flags
71 *
72 * Returns: The allocated scsi command structure.
73 *
74 * This should be called by target LLDs to get a command.
75 */
76 struct scsi_cmnd *scsi_host_get_command(struct Scsi_Host *shost,
77 enum dma_data_direction data_dir,
78 gfp_t gfp_mask)
79 {
80 int write = (data_dir == DMA_TO_DEVICE);
81 struct request *rq;
82 struct scsi_cmnd *cmd;
83 struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd;
84
85 /* Bail if we can't get a reference to the device */
86 if (!get_device(&shost->shost_gendev))
87 return NULL;
88
89 tcmd = kmem_cache_alloc(scsi_tgt_cmd_cache, GFP_ATOMIC);
90 if (!tcmd)
91 goto put_dev;
92
93 /*
94 * The blk helpers are used to the READ/WRITE requests
95 * transfering data from a initiator point of view. Since
96 * we are in target mode we want the opposite.
97 */
98 rq = blk_get_request(shost->uspace_req_q, !write, gfp_mask);
99 if (!rq)
100 goto free_tcmd;
101
102 cmd = __scsi_get_command(shost, gfp_mask);
103 if (!cmd)
104 goto release_rq;
105
106 memset(cmd, 0, sizeof(*cmd));
107 cmd->sc_data_direction = data_dir;
108 cmd->jiffies_at_alloc = jiffies;
109 cmd->request = rq;
110
111 rq->special = cmd;
112 rq->cmd_type = REQ_TYPE_SPECIAL;
113 rq->cmd_flags |= REQ_TYPE_BLOCK_PC;
114 rq->end_io_data = tcmd;
115
116 tcmd->rq = rq;
117
118 return cmd;
119
120 release_rq:
121 blk_put_request(rq);
122 free_tcmd:
123 kmem_cache_free(scsi_tgt_cmd_cache, tcmd);
124 put_dev:
125 put_device(&shost->shost_gendev);
126 return NULL;
127
128 }
129 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(scsi_host_get_command);
130
131 /*
132 * Function: scsi_host_put_command()
133 *
134 * Purpose: Free a scsi command block
135 *
136 * Arguments: shost - scsi host
137 * cmd - command block to free
138 *
139 * Returns: Nothing.
140 *
141 * Notes: The command must not belong to any lists.
142 */
143 void scsi_host_put_command(struct Scsi_Host *shost, struct scsi_cmnd *cmd)
144 {
145 struct request_queue *q = shost->uspace_req_q;
146 struct request *rq = cmd->request;
147 struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd = rq->end_io_data;
148 unsigned long flags;
149
150 kmem_cache_free(scsi_tgt_cmd_cache, tcmd);
151
152 spin_lock_irqsave(q->queue_lock, flags);
153 __blk_put_request(q, rq);
154 spin_unlock_irqrestore(q->queue_lock, flags);
155
156 __scsi_put_command(shost, cmd, &shost->shost_gendev);
157 }
158 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(scsi_host_put_command);
159
160 static void cmd_hashlist_del(struct scsi_cmnd *cmd)
161 {
162 struct request_queue *q = cmd->request->q;
163 struct scsi_tgt_queuedata *qdata = q->queuedata;
164 unsigned long flags;
165 struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd = cmd->request->end_io_data;
166
167 spin_lock_irqsave(&qdata->cmd_hash_lock, flags);
168 list_del(&tcmd->hash_list);
169 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&qdata->cmd_hash_lock, flags);
170 }
171
172 static void scsi_unmap_user_pages(struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd)
173 {
174 blk_rq_unmap_user(tcmd->bio);
175 }
176
177 static void scsi_tgt_cmd_destroy(struct work_struct *work)
178 {
179 struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd =
180 container_of(work, struct scsi_tgt_cmd, work);
181 struct scsi_cmnd *cmd = tcmd->rq->special;
182
183 dprintk("cmd %p %d %lu\n", cmd, cmd->sc_data_direction,
184 rq_data_dir(cmd->request));
185 scsi_unmap_user_pages(tcmd);
186 scsi_host_put_command(scsi_tgt_cmd_to_host(cmd), cmd);
187 }
188
189 static void init_scsi_tgt_cmd(struct request *rq, struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd,
190 u64 itn_id, u64 tag)
191 {
192 struct scsi_tgt_queuedata *qdata = rq->q->queuedata;
193 unsigned long flags;
194 struct list_head *head;
195
196 tcmd->itn_id = itn_id;
197 tcmd->tag = tag;
198 tcmd->bio = NULL;
199 INIT_WORK(&tcmd->work, scsi_tgt_cmd_destroy);
200 spin_lock_irqsave(&qdata->cmd_hash_lock, flags);
201 head = &qdata->cmd_hash[cmd_hashfn(tag)];
202 list_add(&tcmd->hash_list, head);
203 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&qdata->cmd_hash_lock, flags);
204 }
205
206 /*
207 * scsi_tgt_alloc_queue - setup queue used for message passing
208 * shost: scsi host
209 *
210 * This should be called by the LLD after host allocation.
211 * And will be released when the host is released.
212 */
213 int scsi_tgt_alloc_queue(struct Scsi_Host *shost)
214 {
215 struct scsi_tgt_queuedata *queuedata;
216 struct request_queue *q;
217 int err, i;
218
219 /*
220 * Do we need to send a netlink event or should uspace
221 * just respond to the hotplug event?
222 */
223 q = __scsi_alloc_queue(shost, NULL);
224 if (!q)
225 return -ENOMEM;
226
227 queuedata = kzalloc(sizeof(*queuedata), GFP_KERNEL);
228 if (!queuedata) {
229 err = -ENOMEM;
230 goto cleanup_queue;
231 }
232 queuedata->shost = shost;
233 q->queuedata = queuedata;
234
235 /*
236 * this is a silly hack. We should probably just queue as many
237 * command as is recvd to userspace. uspace can then make
238 * sure we do not overload the HBA
239 */
240 q->nr_requests = shost->hostt->can_queue;
241 /*
242 * We currently only support software LLDs so this does
243 * not matter for now. Do we need this for the cards we support?
244 * If so we should make it a host template value.
245 */
246 blk_queue_dma_alignment(q, 0);
247 shost->uspace_req_q = q;
248
249 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(queuedata->cmd_hash); i++)
250 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&queuedata->cmd_hash[i]);
251 spin_lock_init(&queuedata->cmd_hash_lock);
252
253 return 0;
254
255 cleanup_queue:
256 blk_cleanup_queue(q);
257 return err;
258 }
259 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(scsi_tgt_alloc_queue);
260
261 void scsi_tgt_free_queue(struct Scsi_Host *shost)
262 {
263 int i;
264 unsigned long flags;
265 struct request_queue *q = shost->uspace_req_q;
266 struct scsi_cmnd *cmd;
267 struct scsi_tgt_queuedata *qdata = q->queuedata;
268 struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd, *n;
269 LIST_HEAD(cmds);
270
271 spin_lock_irqsave(&qdata->cmd_hash_lock, flags);
272
273 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(qdata->cmd_hash); i++) {
274 list_for_each_entry_safe(tcmd, n, &qdata->cmd_hash[i],
275 hash_list) {
276 list_del(&tcmd->hash_list);
277 list_add(&tcmd->hash_list, &cmds);
278 }
279 }
280
281 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&qdata->cmd_hash_lock, flags);
282
283 while (!list_empty(&cmds)) {
284 tcmd = list_entry(cmds.next, struct scsi_tgt_cmd, hash_list);
285 list_del(&tcmd->hash_list);
286 cmd = tcmd->rq->special;
287
288 shost->hostt->eh_abort_handler(cmd);
289 scsi_tgt_cmd_destroy(&tcmd->work);
290 }
291 }
292 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(scsi_tgt_free_queue);
293
294 struct Scsi_Host *scsi_tgt_cmd_to_host(struct scsi_cmnd *cmd)
295 {
296 struct scsi_tgt_queuedata *queue = cmd->request->q->queuedata;
297 return queue->shost;
298 }
299 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(scsi_tgt_cmd_to_host);
300
301 /*
302 * scsi_tgt_queue_command - queue command for userspace processing
303 * @cmd: scsi command
304 * @scsilun: scsi lun
305 * @tag: unique value to identify this command for tmf
306 */
307 int scsi_tgt_queue_command(struct scsi_cmnd *cmd, u64 itn_id,
308 struct scsi_lun *scsilun, u64 tag)
309 {
310 struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd = cmd->request->end_io_data;
311 int err;
312
313 init_scsi_tgt_cmd(cmd->request, tcmd, itn_id, tag);
314 err = scsi_tgt_uspace_send_cmd(cmd, itn_id, scsilun, tag);
315 if (err)
316 cmd_hashlist_del(cmd);
317
318 return err;
319 }
320 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(scsi_tgt_queue_command);
321
322 /*
323 * This is run from a interrpt handler normally and the unmap
324 * needs process context so we must queue
325 */
326 static void scsi_tgt_cmd_done(struct scsi_cmnd *cmd)
327 {
328 struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd = cmd->request->end_io_data;
329
330 dprintk("cmd %p %lu\n", cmd, rq_data_dir(cmd->request));
331
332 scsi_tgt_uspace_send_status(cmd, tcmd->itn_id, tcmd->tag);
333
334 if (cmd->request_buffer)
335 scsi_free_sgtable(cmd->request_buffer, cmd->sglist_len);
336
337 queue_work(scsi_tgtd, &tcmd->work);
338 }
339
340 static int scsi_tgt_transfer_response(struct scsi_cmnd *cmd)
341 {
342 struct Scsi_Host *shost = scsi_tgt_cmd_to_host(cmd);
343 int err;
344
345 dprintk("cmd %p %lu\n", cmd, rq_data_dir(cmd->request));
346
347 err = shost->hostt->transfer_response(cmd, scsi_tgt_cmd_done);
348 switch (err) {
349 case SCSI_MLQUEUE_HOST_BUSY:
350 case SCSI_MLQUEUE_DEVICE_BUSY:
351 return -EAGAIN;
352 }
353 return 0;
354 }
355
356 static int scsi_tgt_init_cmd(struct scsi_cmnd *cmd, gfp_t gfp_mask)
357 {
358 struct request *rq = cmd->request;
359 int count;
360
361 cmd->use_sg = rq->nr_phys_segments;
362 cmd->request_buffer = scsi_alloc_sgtable(cmd, gfp_mask);
363 if (!cmd->request_buffer)
364 return -ENOMEM;
365
366 cmd->request_bufflen = rq->data_len;
367
368 dprintk("cmd %p cnt %d %lu\n", cmd, cmd->use_sg, rq_data_dir(rq));
369 count = blk_rq_map_sg(rq->q, rq, cmd->request_buffer);
370 if (likely(count <= cmd->use_sg)) {
371 cmd->use_sg = count;
372 return 0;
373 }
374
375 eprintk("cmd %p cnt %d\n", cmd, cmd->use_sg);
376 scsi_free_sgtable(cmd->request_buffer, cmd->sglist_len);
377 return -EINVAL;
378 }
379
380 /* TODO: test this crap and replace bio_map_user with new interface maybe */
381 static int scsi_map_user_pages(struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd, struct scsi_cmnd *cmd,
382 unsigned long uaddr, unsigned int len, int rw)
383 {
384 struct request_queue *q = cmd->request->q;
385 struct request *rq = cmd->request;
386 int err;
387
388 dprintk("%lx %u\n", uaddr, len);
389 err = blk_rq_map_user(q, rq, (void *)uaddr, len);
390 if (err) {
391 /*
392 * TODO: need to fixup sg_tablesize, max_segment_size,
393 * max_sectors, etc for modern HW and software drivers
394 * where this value is bogus.
395 *
396 * TODO2: we can alloc a reserve buffer of max size
397 * we can handle and do the slow copy path for really large
398 * IO.
399 */
400 eprintk("Could not handle request of size %u.\n", len);
401 return err;
402 }
403
404 tcmd->bio = rq->bio;
405 err = scsi_tgt_init_cmd(cmd, GFP_KERNEL);
406 if (err)
407 goto unmap_rq;
408
409 return 0;
410
411 unmap_rq:
412 scsi_unmap_user_pages(tcmd);
413 return err;
414 }
415
416 static int scsi_tgt_copy_sense(struct scsi_cmnd *cmd, unsigned long uaddr,
417 unsigned len)
418 {
419 char __user *p = (char __user *) uaddr;
420
421 if (copy_from_user(cmd->sense_buffer, p,
422 min_t(unsigned, SCSI_SENSE_BUFFERSIZE, len))) {
423 printk(KERN_ERR "Could not copy the sense buffer\n");
424 return -EIO;
425 }
426 return 0;
427 }
428
429 static int scsi_tgt_abort_cmd(struct Scsi_Host *shost, struct scsi_cmnd *cmd)
430 {
431 struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd;
432 int err;
433
434 err = shost->hostt->eh_abort_handler(cmd);
435 if (err)
436 eprintk("fail to abort %p\n", cmd);
437
438 tcmd = cmd->request->end_io_data;
439 scsi_tgt_cmd_destroy(&tcmd->work);
440 return err;
441 }
442
443 static struct request *tgt_cmd_hash_lookup(struct request_queue *q, u64 tag)
444 {
445 struct scsi_tgt_queuedata *qdata = q->queuedata;
446 struct request *rq = NULL;
447 struct list_head *head;
448 struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd;
449 unsigned long flags;
450
451 head = &qdata->cmd_hash[cmd_hashfn(tag)];
452 spin_lock_irqsave(&qdata->cmd_hash_lock, flags);
453 list_for_each_entry(tcmd, head, hash_list) {
454 if (tcmd->tag == tag) {
455 rq = tcmd->rq;
456 list_del(&tcmd->hash_list);
457 break;
458 }
459 }
460 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&qdata->cmd_hash_lock, flags);
461
462 return rq;
463 }
464
465 int scsi_tgt_kspace_exec(int host_no, u64 itn_id, int result, u64 tag,
466 unsigned long uaddr, u32 len, unsigned long sense_uaddr,
467 u32 sense_len, u8 rw)
468 {
469 struct Scsi_Host *shost;
470 struct scsi_cmnd *cmd;
471 struct request *rq;
472 struct scsi_tgt_cmd *tcmd;
473 int err = 0;
474
475 dprintk("%d %llu %d %u %lx %u\n", host_no, (unsigned long long) tag,
476 result, len, uaddr, rw);
477
478 /* TODO: replace with a O(1) alg */
479 shost = scsi_host_lookup(host_no);
480 if (IS_ERR(shost)) {
481 printk(KERN_ERR "Could not find host no %d\n", host_no);
482 return -EINVAL;
483 }
484
485 if (!shost->uspace_req_q) {
486 printk(KERN_ERR "Not target scsi host %d\n", host_no);
487 goto done;
488 }
489
490 rq = tgt_cmd_hash_lookup(shost->uspace_req_q, tag);
491 if (!rq) {
492 printk(KERN_ERR "Could not find tag %llu\n",
493 (unsigned long long) tag);
494 err = -EINVAL;
495 goto done;
496 }
497 cmd = rq->special;
498
499 dprintk("cmd %p scb %x result %d len %d bufflen %u %lu %x\n",
500 cmd, cmd->cmnd[0], result, len, cmd->request_bufflen,
501 rq_data_dir(rq), cmd->cmnd[0]);
502
503 if (result == TASK_ABORTED) {
504 scsi_tgt_abort_cmd(shost, cmd);
505 goto done;
506 }
507 /*
508 * store the userspace values here, the working values are
509 * in the request_* values
510 */
511 tcmd = cmd->request->end_io_data;
512 cmd->result = result;
513
514 if (cmd->result == SAM_STAT_CHECK_CONDITION)
515 scsi_tgt_copy_sense(cmd, sense_uaddr, sense_len);
516
517 if (len) {
518 err = scsi_map_user_pages(rq->end_io_data, cmd, uaddr, len, rw);
519 if (err) {
520 /*
521 * user-space daemon bugs or OOM
522 * TODO: we can do better for OOM.
523 */
524 struct scsi_tgt_queuedata *qdata;
525 struct list_head *head;
526 unsigned long flags;
527
528 eprintk("cmd %p ret %d uaddr %lx len %d rw %d\n",
529 cmd, err, uaddr, len, rw);
530
531 qdata = shost->uspace_req_q->queuedata;
532 head = &qdata->cmd_hash[cmd_hashfn(tcmd->tag)];
533
534 spin_lock_irqsave(&qdata->cmd_hash_lock, flags);
535 list_add(&tcmd->hash_list, head);
536 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&qdata->cmd_hash_lock, flags);
537
538 goto done;
539 }
540 }
541 err = scsi_tgt_transfer_response(cmd);
542 done:
543 scsi_host_put(shost);
544 return err;
545 }
546
547 int scsi_tgt_tsk_mgmt_request(struct Scsi_Host *shost, u64 itn_id,
548 int function, u64 tag, struct scsi_lun *scsilun,
549 void *data)
550 {
551 int err;
552
553 /* TODO: need to retry if this fails. */
554 err = scsi_tgt_uspace_send_tsk_mgmt(shost->host_no, itn_id,
555 function, tag, scsilun, data);
556 if (err < 0)
557 eprintk("The task management request lost!\n");
558 return err;
559 }
560 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(scsi_tgt_tsk_mgmt_request);
561
562 int scsi_tgt_kspace_tsk_mgmt(int host_no, u64 itn_id, u64 mid, int result)
563 {
564 struct Scsi_Host *shost;
565 int err = -EINVAL;
566
567 dprintk("%d %d %llx\n", host_no, result, (unsigned long long) mid);
568
569 shost = scsi_host_lookup(host_no);
570 if (IS_ERR(shost)) {
571 printk(KERN_ERR "Could not find host no %d\n", host_no);
572 return err;
573 }
574
575 if (!shost->uspace_req_q) {
576 printk(KERN_ERR "Not target scsi host %d\n", host_no);
577 goto done;
578 }
579
580 err = shost->transportt->tsk_mgmt_response(shost, itn_id, mid, result);
581 done:
582 scsi_host_put(shost);
583 return err;
584 }
585
586 int scsi_tgt_it_nexus_create(struct Scsi_Host *shost, u64 itn_id,
587 char *initiator)
588 {
589 int err;
590
591 /* TODO: need to retry if this fails. */
592 err = scsi_tgt_uspace_send_it_nexus_request(shost->host_no, itn_id, 0,
593 initiator);
594 if (err < 0)
595 eprintk("The i_t_neuxs request lost, %d %llx!\n",
596 shost->host_no, (unsigned long long)itn_id);
597 return err;
598 }
599 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(scsi_tgt_it_nexus_create);
600
601 int scsi_tgt_it_nexus_destroy(struct Scsi_Host *shost, u64 itn_id)
602 {
603 int err;
604
605 /* TODO: need to retry if this fails. */
606 err = scsi_tgt_uspace_send_it_nexus_request(shost->host_no,
607 itn_id, 1, NULL);
608 if (err < 0)
609 eprintk("The i_t_neuxs request lost, %d %llx!\n",
610 shost->host_no, (unsigned long long)itn_id);
611 return err;
612 }
613 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(scsi_tgt_it_nexus_destroy);
614
615 int scsi_tgt_kspace_it_nexus_rsp(int host_no, u64 itn_id, int result)
616 {
617 struct Scsi_Host *shost;
618 int err = -EINVAL;
619
620 dprintk("%d %d %llx\n", host_no, result, (unsigned long long) mid);
621
622 shost = scsi_host_lookup(host_no);
623 if (IS_ERR(shost)) {
624 printk(KERN_ERR "Could not find host no %d\n", host_no);
625 return err;
626 }
627
628 if (!shost->uspace_req_q) {
629 printk(KERN_ERR "Not target scsi host %d\n", host_no);
630 goto done;
631 }
632
633 err = shost->transportt->it_nexus_response(shost, itn_id, result);
634 done:
635 scsi_host_put(shost);
636 return err;
637 }
638
639 static int __init scsi_tgt_init(void)
640 {
641 int err;
642
643 scsi_tgt_cmd_cache = kmem_cache_create("scsi_tgt_cmd",
644 sizeof(struct scsi_tgt_cmd),
645 0, 0, NULL);
646 if (!scsi_tgt_cmd_cache)
647 return -ENOMEM;
648
649 scsi_tgtd = create_workqueue("scsi_tgtd");
650 if (!scsi_tgtd) {
651 err = -ENOMEM;
652 goto free_kmemcache;
653 }
654
655 err = scsi_tgt_if_init();
656 if (err)
657 goto destroy_wq;
658
659 return 0;
660
661 destroy_wq:
662 destroy_workqueue(scsi_tgtd);
663 free_kmemcache:
664 kmem_cache_destroy(scsi_tgt_cmd_cache);
665 return err;
666 }
667
668 static void __exit scsi_tgt_exit(void)
669 {
670 destroy_workqueue(scsi_tgtd);
671 scsi_tgt_if_exit();
672 kmem_cache_destroy(scsi_tgt_cmd_cache);
673 }
674
675 module_init(scsi_tgt_init);
676 module_exit(scsi_tgt_exit);
677
678 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("SCSI target core");
679 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
This page took 0.070528 seconds and 5 git commands to generate.