3 * Add support for ELF SHF_GNU_MBIND.
5 * Add support for the WebAssembly file format and wasm32 ELF conversion.
7 * PowerPC gas now checks that the correct register class is used in
8 instructions. For instance, "addi %f4,%cr3,%r31" warns three times
9 that the registers are invalid.
11 * Add support for the Texas Instruments PRU processor.
13 * Support for the ARMv8-R architecture and Cortex-R52 processor has been
14 added to the ARM port.
18 * Add support for the RISC-V architecture.
20 * Add support for the ARM Cortex-M23 and Cortex-M33 processors.
24 * Default to --enable-compressed-debug-sections=gas for Linux/x86 targets.
26 * Add --no-pad-sections to stop the assembler from padding the end of output
27 sections up to their alignment boundary.
29 * Support for the ARMv8-M architecture has been added to the ARM port. Support
30 for the ARMv8-M Security and DSP Extensions has also been added to the ARM
33 * ARC backend accepts .extInstruction, .extCondCode, .extAuxRegister, and
34 .extCoreRegister pseudo-ops that allow an user to define custom
35 instructions, conditional codes, auxiliary and core registers.
37 * Add a configure option --enable-elf-stt-common to decide whether ELF
38 assembler should generate common symbols with the STT_COMMON type by
39 default. Default to no.
41 * New command line option --elf-stt-common= for ELF targets to control
42 whether to generate common symbols with the STT_COMMON type.
44 * Add ability to set section flags and types via numeric values for ELF
47 * Add a configure option --enable-x86-relax-relocations to decide whether
48 x86 assembler should generate relax relocations by default. Default to
49 yes, except for x86 Solaris targets older than Solaris 12.
51 * New command line option -mrelax-relocations= for x86 target to control
52 whether to generate relax relocations.
54 * New command line option -mfence-as-lock-add=yes for x86 target to encode
55 lfence, mfence and sfence as "lock addl $0x0, (%[re]sp)".
57 * Add assembly-time relaxation option for ARC cpus.
59 * Add --with-cpu=TYPE configure option for ARC gas. This allows the default
60 cpu type to be adjusted at configure time.
64 * Add a configure option --enable-compressed-debug-sections={all,gas} to
65 decide whether DWARF debug sections should be compressed by default.
67 * Add support for the ARC EM/HS, and ARC600/700 architectures. Remove
68 assembler support for Argonaut RISC architectures.
70 * Symbol and label names can now be enclosed in double quotes (") which allows
71 them to contain characters that are not part of valid symbol names in high
74 * Added the correctly spelled -march=armv6kz, for ARMv6KZ support. The
75 previous spelling, -march=armv6zk, is still accepted.
77 * Support for the ARMv8.1 architecture has been added to the Aarch64 port.
78 Support for the individual ARMv8.1 Adv.SIMD, LOR and PAN architecture
79 extensions has also been added to the Aarch64 port.
81 * Support for the ARMv8.1 architecture has been added to the ARM port. Support
82 for the individual ARMv8.1 Adv.SIMD and PAN architecture extensions has also
83 been added to the ARM port.
85 * Extend --compress-debug-sections option to support
86 --compress-debug-sections=[none|zlib|zlib-gnu|zlib-gabi] for ELF
89 * --compress-debug-sections is turned on for Linux/x86 by default.
93 * Add support for the AVR Tiny microcontrollers.
95 * Replace support for openrisc and or32 with support for or1k.
97 * Enhanced the ARM port to accept the assembler output from the CodeComposer
98 Studio tool. Support is enabled via the new command line option -mccs.
100 * Add support for the Andes NDS32.
104 * Add support for the Texas Instruments MSP430X processor.
106 * Add -gdwarf-sections command line option to enable per-code-section
107 generation of DWARF .debug_line sections.
109 * Add support for Altera Nios II.
111 * Add support for the Imagination Technologies Meta processor.
113 * Add support for the v850e3v5.
115 * Remove assembler support for MIPS ECOFF targets.
119 * Add support for the 64-bit ARM architecture: AArch64.
121 * Add support for S12X processor.
123 * Add support for the VLE extension to the PowerPC architecture.
125 * Add support for the Freescale XGATE architecture.
127 * Add support for .bundle_align_mode, .bundle_lock, and .bundle_unlock
128 directives. These are currently available only for x86 and ARM targets.
130 * Add support for the Renesas RL78 architecture.
132 * Add support for the Adapteva EPIPHANY architecture.
134 * For x86, allow 'rep bsf', 'rep bsr', and 'rep ret' syntax.
138 * Add support for the Tilera TILEPro and TILE-Gx architectures.
142 * Gas no longer requires doubling of ampersands in macros.
144 * Add support for the TMS320C6000 (TI C6X) processor family.
146 * GAS now understands an extended syntax in the .section directive flags
147 for COFF targets that allows the section's alignment to be specified. This
148 feature has also been backported to the 2.20 release series, starting with
151 * Add support for the Renesas RX processor.
153 * New command line option, --compress-debug-sections, which requests
154 compression of DWARF debug information sections in the relocatable output
155 file. Compressed debug sections are supported by readelf, objdump, and
156 gold, but not currently by Gnu ld.
160 * Added support for v850e2 and v850e2v3.
162 * GNU/Linux targets now supports "gnu_unique_object" as a value in the .type
163 pseudo op. It marks the symbol as being globally unique in the entire
166 * ARM assembler now supports .inst[.nw] pseudo-ops to insert opcodes specified
167 in binary rather than text.
169 * Add support for common symbol alignment to PE formats.
171 * Add support for the new discriminator column in the DWARF line table,
172 with a discriminator operand for the .loc directive.
174 * Add support for Sunplus score architecture.
176 * The .type pseudo-op now accepts a type of STT_GNU_IFUNC which can be used to
177 indicate that if the symbol is the target of a relocation, its value should
178 not be use. Instead the function should be invoked and its result used as
181 * Add support for Lattice Mico32 (lm32) architecture.
183 * Add support for Xilinx MicroBlaze architecture.
187 * New pseudo op .cfi_val_encoded_addr, to record constant addresses in unwind
188 tables without runtime relocation.
190 * New command line option, -h-tick-hex, for sh, m32c, and h8/300 targets, which
191 adds compatibility with H'00 style hex constants.
193 * New command line option, -msse-check=[none|error|warning], for x86
196 * New sub-option added to the assembler's -a command line switch to
197 generate a listing output. The 'g' sub-option will insert into the listing
198 various information about the assembly, such as assembler version, the
199 command line options used, and a time stamp.
201 * New command line option -msse2avx for x86 target to encode SSE
202 instructions with VEX prefix.
204 * Add Intel XSAVE, EPT, MOVBE, AES, PCLMUL, AVX/FMA support for x86 target.
206 * New command line options, -march=CPU[,+EXTENSION...], -mtune=CPU,
207 -mmnemonic=[att|intel], -msyntax=[att|intel], -mindex-reg,
208 -mnaked-reg and -mold-gcc, for x86 targets.
210 * Support for generating wide character strings has been added via the new
211 pseudo ops: .string16, .string32 and .string64.
213 * Support for SSE5 has been added to the i386 port.
217 * The GAS sources are now released under the GPLv3.
219 * Support for the National Semiconductor CR16 target has been added.
221 * Added gas .reloc pseudo. This is a low-level interface for creating
224 * Add support for x86_64 PE+ target.
226 * Add support for Score target.
230 * Support for the Infineon XC16X has been added by KPIT Cummins Infosystems.
232 * Support for ms2 architecture has been added.
234 * Support for the Z80 processor family has been added.
236 * Add support for the "@<file>" syntax to the command line, so that extra
237 switches can be read from <file>.
239 * The SH target supports a new command line switch --enable-reg-prefix which,
240 if enabled, will allow register names to be optionally prefixed with a $
241 character. This allows register names to be distinguished from label names.
243 * Macros with a variable number of arguments are now supported. See the
244 documentation for how this works.
246 * Added --reduce-memory-overheads switch to reduce the size of the hash
247 tables used, at the expense of longer assembly times, and
248 --hash-size=<NUMBER> to set the size of the hash tables used by gas.
250 * Macro names and macro parameter names can now be any identifier that would
251 also be legal as a symbol elsewhere. For macro parameter names, this is
252 known to cause problems in certain sources when the respective target uses
253 characters inconsistently, and thus macro parameter references may no longer
254 be recognized as such (see the documentation for details).
256 * Support the .f_floating, .d_floating, .g_floating and .h_floating directives
257 for the VAX target in order to be more compatible with the VAX MACRO
260 * New command line option -mtune=[itanium1|itanium2] for IA64 targets.
264 * Redefinition of macros now results in an error.
266 * New command line option -mhint.b=[ok|warning|error] for IA64 targets.
268 * New command line option -munwind-check=[warning|error] for IA64
271 * The IA64 port now uses automatic dependency violation removal as its default
274 * Port to MAXQ processor contributed by HCL Tech.
276 * Added support for generating unwind tables for ARM ELF targets.
278 * Add a -g command line option to generate debug information in the target's
279 preferred debug format.
281 * Support for the crx-elf target added.
283 * Support for the sh-symbianelf target added.
285 * Added a pseudo-op (.secrel32) to generate 32 bit section relative relocations
286 on pe[i]-i386; required for this target's DWARF 2 support.
288 * Support for Motorola MCF521x/5249/547x/548x added.
290 * Support for ColdFire EMAC instructions added and Motorola syntax for MAC/EMAC
293 * New command line option -mno-shared for MIPS ELF targets.
295 * New command line option --alternate and pseudo-ops .altmacro and .noaltmacro
296 added to enter (and leave) alternate macro syntax mode.
300 * The MIPS -membedded-pic option (Embedded-PIC code generation) is
301 deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
303 * Added PIC m32r Linux (ELF) and support to M32R assembler.
305 * Added support for ARM V6.
307 * Added support for sh4a and variants.
309 * Support for Renesas M32R2 added.
311 * Limited support for Mapping Symbols as specified in the ARM ELF
312 specification has been added to the arm assembler.
314 * On ARM architectures, added a new gas directive ".unreq" that undoes
315 definitions created by ".req".
317 * Support for Motorola ColdFire MCF528x added.
319 * Added --gstabs+ switch to enable the generation of STABS debug format
320 information with GNU extensions.
322 * Added support for MIPS64 Release 2.
324 * Added support for v850e1.
326 * Added -n switch for x86 assembler. By default, x86 GAS replaces
327 multiple nop instructions used for alignment within code sections
328 with multi-byte nop instructions such as leal 0(%esi,1),%esi. This
329 switch disables the optimization.
331 * Removed -n option from MIPS assembler. It was not useful, and confused the
332 existing -non_shared option.
336 * Added support for MIPS32 Release 2.
338 * Added support for Xtensa architecture.
340 * Support for Intel's iWMMXt processor (an ARM variant) added.
342 * An assembler test generator has been contributed and an example file that
343 uses it (gas/testsuite/gas/all/test-gen.c and test-exmaple.c).
345 * Support for SH2E added.
347 * GASP has now been removed.
349 * Support for Texas Instruments TMS320C4x and TMS320C3x series of
350 DSP's contributed by Michael Hayes and Svein E. Seldal.
352 * Support for the Ubicom IP2xxx microcontroller added.
356 * Support for the Fujitsu FRV architecture added by Red Hat. Models for FR400
359 * Support for DLX processor added.
361 * GASP has now been deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Use
362 the macro facilities in GAS instead.
364 * GASP now correctly parses floating point numbers. Unless the base is
365 explicitly specified, they are interpreted as decimal numbers regardless of
366 the currently specified base.
370 * Support for Don Knuth's MMIX, by Hans-Peter Nilsson.
372 * Support for the OpenRISC 32-bit embedded processor by OpenCores.
374 * The ARM assembler now accepts -march=..., -mcpu=... and -mfpu=... for
375 specifying the target instruction set. The old method of specifying the
376 target processor has been deprecated, but is still accepted for
379 * Support for the VFP floating-point instruction set has been added to
382 * New psuedo op: .incbin to include a set of binary data at a given point
383 in the assembly. Contributed by Anders Norlander.
385 * The MIPS assembler now accepts -march/-mtune. -mcpu has been deprecated
386 but still works for compatability.
388 * The MIPS assembler no longer issues a warning by default when it
389 generates a nop instruction from a macro. The new command line option
390 -n will turn on the warning.
394 * Support for PDP-11 and 2.11BSD a.out format, by Lars Brinkhoff.
396 * x86 gas now supports the full Pentium4 instruction set.
398 * Support for AMD x86-64 architecture, by Jan Hubicka, SuSE Labs.
400 * Support for Motorola 68HC11 and 68HC12.
402 * Support for Texas Instruments TMS320C54x (tic54x).
406 * Support for i860, by Jason Eckhardt.
408 * Support for CRIS (Axis Communications ETRAX series).
410 * x86 gas has a new .arch pseudo op to specify the target CPU architecture.
412 * x86 gas -q command line option quietens warnings about register size changes
413 due to suffix, indirect jmp/call without `*', stand-alone prefixes, and
414 translating various deprecated floating point instructions.
418 * Support for the ARM msr instruction was changed to only allow an immediate
419 operand when altering the flags field.
421 * Support for ATMEL AVR.
423 * Support for IBM 370 ELF. Somewhat experimental.
425 * Support for numbers with suffixes.
427 * Added support for breaking to the end of repeat loops.
429 * Added support for parallel instruction syntax (DOUBLEBAR_PARALLEL).
431 * New .elseif pseudo-op added.
433 * New --fatal-warnings option.
435 * picoJava architecture support added.
437 * Motorola MCore 210 processor support added.
439 * A new pseudo-op .intel_syntax has been implemented to allow gas to parse i386
440 assembly programs with intel syntax.
442 * New pseudo-ops .func,.endfunc to aid in debugging user-written assembler code.
444 * Added -gdwarf2 option to generate DWARF 2 debugging information.
446 * Full 16-bit mode support for i386.
448 * Greatly improved instruction operand checking for i386. This change will
449 produce errors or warnings on incorrect assembly code that previous versions
450 of gas accepted. If you get unexpected messages from code that worked with
451 older versions of gas, please double check the code before reporting a bug.
453 * Weak symbol support added for COFF targets.
455 * Mitsubishi D30V support added.
457 * Texas Instruments c80 (tms320c80) support added.
459 * i960 ELF support added.
461 * ARM ELF support added.
465 * Texas Instruments c30 (tms320c30) support added.
467 * The assembler now optimizes the exception frame information generated by egcs
468 and gcc 2.8. The new --traditional-format option disables this optimization.
470 * Added --gstabs option to generate stabs debugging information.
472 * The -a option takes a new suboption, m (e.g., -alm) to expand macros in a
475 * Added -MD option to print dependencies.
479 * BeOS support added.
481 * MIPS16 support added.
483 * Motorola ColdFire 5200 support added (configure for m68k and use -m5200).
485 * Alpha/VMS support added.
487 * m68k options --base-size-default-16, --base-size-default-32,
488 --disp-size-default-16, and --disp-size-default-32 added.
490 * The alignment directives now take an optional third argument, which is the
491 maximum number of bytes to skip. If doing the alignment would require
492 skipping more than the given number of bytes, the alignment is not done at
495 * The ELF assembler has a new pseudo-op, .symver, used for symbol versioning.
497 * The -a option takes a new suboption, c (e.g., -alc), to skip false
498 conditionals in listings.
500 * Added new pseudo-op, .equiv; it's like .equ, except that it is an error if
501 the symbol is already defined.
505 * The PowerPC assembler now allows the use of symbolic register names (r0,
506 etc.) if -mregnames is used. Symbolic names preceded by a '%' (%r0, etc.)
507 can be used any time. PowerPC 860 move to/from SPR instructions have been
510 * Alpha Linux (ELF) support added.
512 * PowerPC ELF support added.
514 * m68k Linux (ELF) support added.
516 * i960 Hx/Jx support added.
518 * i386/PowerPC gnu-win32 support added.
520 * SCO ELF support added. For OpenServer 5 targets (i386-unknown-sco3.2v5) the
521 default is to build COFF-only support. To get a set of tools that generate
522 ELF (they'll understand both COFF and ELF), you must configure with
523 target=i386-unknown-sco3.2v5elf.
525 * m88k-motorola-sysv3* support added.
529 * Gas now directly supports macros, without requiring GASP.
531 * Gas now has an MRI assembler compatibility mode. Use -M or --mri to select
532 MRI mode. The pseudo-op ``.mri 1'' will switch into the MRI mode until the
533 ``.mri 0'' is seen; this can be convenient for inline assembler code.
535 * Added --defsym SYM=VALUE option.
537 * Added -mips4 support to MIPS assembler.
539 * Added PIC support to Solaris and SPARC SunOS 4 assembler.
543 * Converted this directory to use an autoconf-generated configure script.
545 * ARM support, from Richard Earnshaw.
547 * Updated VMS support, from Pat Rankin, including considerably improved
550 * Support for the control registers in the 68060.
552 * Handles (ignores) a new directive ".this_GCC_requires_the_GNU_assembler", to
553 provide for possible future gcc changes, for targets where gas provides some
554 features not available in the native assembler. If the native assembler is
555 used, it should become obvious pretty quickly what the problem is.
557 * Usage message is available with "--help".
559 * The GNU Assembler Preprocessor (gasp) is included. (Actually, it was in 2.3
560 also, but didn't get into the NEWS file.)
562 * Weak symbol support for a.out.
564 * A bug in the listing code which could cause an infinite loop has been fixed.
565 Bugs in listings when generating a COFF object file have also been fixed.
567 * Initial i386-svr4 PIC implementation from Eric Youngdale, based on code by
570 * Improved Alpha support. Immediate constants can have a much larger range
571 now. Support for the 21164 has been contributed by Digital.
573 * Updated ns32k (pc532-mach, netbsd532) support from Ian Dall.
577 * Mach i386 support, by David Mackenzie and Ken Raeburn.
579 * RS/6000 and PowerPC support by Ian Taylor.
581 * VMS command scripts (make-gas.com, config-gas.com) have been worked on a bit,
582 based on mail received from various people. The `-h#' option should work
585 * HP-PA work, by Jeff Law. Note, for the PA, gas-2.3 has been designed to work
586 with gdb-4.12 and gcc-2.6. As gcc-2.6 has not been released yet, a special
587 version of gcc-2.5.8 has been patched to work with gas-2.3. You can retrieve
588 this special version of gcc-2.5.8 via anonymous ftp from jaguar.cs.utah.edu
589 in the "dist" directory.
591 * Vax support in gas fixed for BSD, so it builds and seems to run a couple
592 simple tests okay. I haven't put it through extensive testing. (GNU make is
593 currently required for BSD 4.3 builds.)
595 * Support for the DEC Alpha, running OSF/1 (ECOFF format). The gas support is
596 based on code donated by CMU, which used an a.out-based format. I'm afraid
597 the alpha-a.out support is pretty badly mangled, and much of it removed;
598 making it work will require rewriting it as BFD support for the format anyways.
602 * The test suites have been fixed up a bit, so that they should work with a
603 couple different versions of expect and dejagnu.
605 * Symbols' values are now handled internally as expressions, permitting more
606 flexibility in evaluating them in some cases. Some details of relocation
607 handling have also changed, and simple constant pool management has been
608 added, to make the Alpha port easier.
610 * New option "--statistics" for printing out program run times. This is
611 intended to be used with the gcc "-Q" option, which prints out times spent in
612 various phases of compilation. (You should be able to get all of them
613 printed out with "gcc -Q -Wa,--statistics", I think.)
617 * RS/6000 AIX and MIPS SGI Irix 5 support has been added.
619 * Configurations that are still in development (and therefore are convenient to
620 have listed in configure.in) still get rejected without a minor change to
621 gas/Makefile.in, so people not doing development work shouldn't get the
622 impression that support for such configurations is actually believed to be
625 * The program name (usually "as") is printed when a fatal error message is
626 displayed. This should prevent some confusion about the source of occasional
627 messages about "internal errors".
629 * ELF support is falling into place. Support for the 386 should be working.
630 Support for SPARC Solaris is in. HPPA support from Utah is being integrated.
632 * Symbol values are maintained as expressions instead of being immediately
633 boiled down to add-symbol, sub-symbol, and constant. This permits slightly
634 more complex calculations involving symbols whose values are not alreadey
637 * DBX-style debugging info ("stabs") is now supported for COFF formats.
638 If any stabs directives are seen in the source, GAS will create two new
639 sections: a ".stab" and a ".stabstr" section. The format of the .stab
640 section is nearly identical to the a.out symbol format, and .stabstr is
641 its string table. For this to be useful, you must have configured GCC
642 to generate stabs (by defining DBX_DEBUGGING_INFO), and must have a GDB
643 that can use the stab sections (4.11 or later).
645 * LynxOS, on i386 and m68k platforms, is now supported. SPARC LynxOS
646 support is in progress.
650 * Several small fixes for i386-aix (PS/2) support from Minh Tran-Le have been
651 incorporated, but not well tested yet.
653 * Altered the opcode table split for m68k; it should require less VM to compile
656 * Some minor adjustments to add (Convergent Technologies') Miniframe support,
657 suggested by Ronald Cole.
659 * HPPA support (running OSF only, not HPUX) has been contributed by Utah. This
660 includes improved ELF support, which I've started adapting for SPARC Solaris
661 2.x. Integration isn't completely, so it probably won't work.
663 * HP9000/300 support, donated by HP, has been merged in.
665 * Ian Taylor has finished the MIPS ECOFF (Ultrix, Irix) support.
667 * Better error messages for unsupported configurations (e.g., hppa-hpux).
669 * Test suite framework is starting to become reasonable.
675 * Some more merging of BFD and ELF code, but ELF still doesn't work.
679 * BFD merge is partly done. Adventurous souls may try giving configure the
680 "--with-bfd-assembler" option. Currently, ELF format requires it, a.out
681 format accepts it; SPARC CPU accepts it. It's the default only for OS "elf"
682 or "solaris". (ELF isn't really supported yet. It needs work. I've got
683 some code from Utah for HP-PA ELF, and from DG for m88k ELF, but they're not
686 * The 68K opcode table has been split in half. It should now compile under gcc
687 without consuming ridiculous amounts of memory.
689 * A couple data structures have been reduced in size. This should result in
690 saving a little bit of space at runtime.
692 * Support for MIPS, from OSF and Ralph Campbell, has been merged in. The OSF
693 code provided ROSE format support, which I haven't merged in yet. (I can
694 make it available, if anyone wants to try it out.) Ralph's code, for BSD
695 4.4, supports a.out format. We don't have ECOFF support in just yet; it's
698 * Support for the Hitachi H8/500 has been added.
700 * VMS host and target support should be working now, thanks chiefly to Eric
705 * For m68k, support for more processors has been added: 68040, CPU32, 68851.
707 * For i386, .align is now power-of-two; was number-of-bytes.
709 * For m68k, "%" is now accepted before register names. For COFF format, which
710 doesn't use underscore prefixes for C labels, it is required, so variable "a0"
711 can be distinguished from the register.
713 * Last public release was 1.38. Lots of configuration changes since then, lots
714 of new CPUs and formats, lots of bugs fixed.
717 Copyright (C) 2012-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
719 Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
720 are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
721 notice and this notice are preserved.