1 /* as.c - GAS main program.
2 Copyright (C) 1987, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 1998
3 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 This file is part of GAS, the GNU Assembler.
7 GAS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
12 GAS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 GNU General Public License for more details.
17 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 along with GAS; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
19 Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
23 * Main program for AS; a 32-bit assembler of GNU.
24 * Understands command arguments.
25 * Has a few routines that don't fit in other modules because they
32 * Since no-one else says they will support them in future: I
33 * don't support them now.
43 #include "output-file.h"
47 #define itbl_parse(itbl_file) 1
52 #ifdef NEED_DECLARATION_SBRK
57 static void show_usage
PARAMS ((FILE *));
58 static void parse_args
PARAMS ((int *, char ***));
59 static void dump_statistics
PARAMS ((void));
60 static void perform_an_assembly_pass
PARAMS ((int argc
, char **argv
));
61 static int macro_expr
PARAMS ((const char *, int, sb
*, int *));
63 int listing
; /* true if a listing is wanted */
65 static char *listing_filename
= NULL
; /* Name of listing file. */
67 /* Type of debugging to generate. */
69 enum debug_info_type debug_type
= DEBUG_NONE
;
71 /* Maximum level of macro nesting. */
73 int max_macro_nest
= 100;
75 char *myname
; /* argv[0] */
77 segT reg_section
, expr_section
;
78 segT text_section
, data_section
, bss_section
;
81 /* The default obstack chunk size. If we set this to zero, the
82 obstack code will use whatever will fit in a 4096 byte block. */
85 /* To monitor memory allocation more effectively, make this non-zero.
86 Then the chunk sizes for gas and bfd will be reduced. */
89 /* We build a list of defsyms as we read the options, and then define
90 them after we have initialized everything. */
94 struct defsym_list
*next
;
99 static struct defsym_list
*defsyms
;
101 /* Keep a record of the itbl files we read in. */
103 struct itbl_file_list
105 struct itbl_file_list
*next
;
109 static struct itbl_file_list
*itbl_files
;
119 fprintf (stderr
, "GNU assembler version %s (%s)", VERSION
, TARGET_ALIAS
);
121 fprintf (stderr
, ", using BFD version %s", BFD_VERSION
);
123 fprintf (stderr
, "\n");
130 fprintf (stream
, "Usage: %s [option...] [asmfile...]\n", myname
);
134 -a[sub-option...] turn on listings\n\
135 Sub-options [default hls]:\n\
136 c omit false conditionals\n\
137 d omit debugging directives\n\
138 h include high-level source\n\
139 l include assembly\n\
140 m include macro expansions\n\
141 n omit forms processing\n\
143 =file set listing file name (must be last sub-option)\n");
145 -D produce assembler debugging messages\n\
146 --defsym SYM=VAL define symbol SYM to given value\n\
147 -f skip whitespace and comment preprocessing\n\
148 --gstabs generate stabs debugging information\n\
149 --help show this message and exit\n\
150 -I DIR add DIR to search list for .include directives\n\
151 -J don't warn about signed overflow\n\
152 -K warn when differences altered for long displacements\n\
153 -L,--keep-locals keep local symbols (e.g. starting with `L')\n");
155 -M,--mri assemble in MRI compatibility mode\n\
156 --MD FILE write dependency information in FILE (default none)\n\
158 -o OBJFILE name the object-file output OBJFILE (default a.out)\n\
159 -R fold data section into text section\n\
160 --statistics print various measured statistics from execution\n\
161 --strip-local-absolute strip local absolute symbols\n\
162 --traditional-format Use same format as native assembler when possible\n\
163 --version print assembler version number and exit\n\
164 -W suppress warnings\n\
165 --itbl INSTTBL extend instruction set to include instructions\n\
166 matching the specifications defined in file INSTTBL\n\
169 -Z generate object file even after errors\n");
171 --listing-lhs-width set the width in words of the output data column of\n\
173 --listing-lhs-width2 set the width in words of the continuation lines\n\
174 of the output data column; ignored if smaller than\n\
175 the width of the first line\n\
176 --listing-rhs-width set the max width in characters of the lines from\n\
178 --listing-cont-lines set the maximum number of continuation lines used\n\
179 for the output data column of the listing\n");
181 md_show_usage (stream
);
183 fprintf (stream
, "\nReport bugs to bug-gnu-utils@prep.ai.mit.edu\n");
186 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
187 #define EMULATION_ENVIRON "AS_EMULATION"
189 extern struct emulation mipsbelf
, mipslelf
, mipself
;
190 extern struct emulation mipsbecoff
, mipslecoff
, mipsecoff
;
191 extern struct emulation i386coff
, i386elf
;
193 static struct emulation
*const emulations
[] = { EMULATIONS
};
194 static const int n_emulations
= sizeof (emulations
) / sizeof (emulations
[0]);
196 static void select_emulation_mode
PARAMS ((int, char **));
199 select_emulation_mode (argc
, argv
)
206 for (i
= 1; i
< argc
; i
++)
207 if (!strncmp ("--em", argv
[i
], 4))
213 p
= strchr (argv
[i
], '=');
220 as_fatal ("missing emulation mode name");
225 em
= getenv (EMULATION_ENVIRON
);
227 em
= DEFAULT_EMULATION
;
231 for (i
= 0; i
< n_emulations
; i
++)
232 if (!strcmp (emulations
[i
]->name
, em
))
234 if (i
== n_emulations
)
235 as_fatal ("unrecognized emulation name `%s'", em
);
236 this_emulation
= emulations
[i
];
239 this_emulation
= emulations
[0];
241 this_emulation
->init ();
245 default_emul_bfd_name ()
254 this_format
= this_emulation
->format
;
256 if (this_emulation
->leading_underscore
== 2)
257 this_emulation
->leading_underscore
= this_format
->dfl_leading_underscore
;
259 if (this_emulation
->default_endian
!= 2)
260 target_big_endian
= this_emulation
->default_endian
;
262 if (this_emulation
->fake_label_name
== 0)
264 if (this_emulation
->leading_underscore
)
265 this_emulation
->fake_label_name
= "L0\001";
267 /* What other parameters should we test? */
268 this_emulation
->fake_label_name
= ".L0\001";
274 * Since it is easy to do here we interpret the special arg "-"
275 * to mean "use stdin" and we set that argv[] pointing to "".
276 * After we have munged argv[], the only things left are source file
277 * name(s) and ""(s) denoting stdin. These file names are used
278 * (perhaps more than once) later.
280 * check for new machine-dep cmdline options in
281 * md_parse_option definitions in config/tc-*.c
285 parse_args (pargc
, pargv
)
289 int old_argc
, new_argc
;
290 char **old_argv
, **new_argv
;
292 /* Starting the short option string with '-' is for programs that
293 expect options and other ARGV-elements in any order and that care about
294 the ordering of the two. We describe each non-option ARGV-element
295 as if it were the argument of an option with character code 1. */
298 extern CONST
char *md_shortopts
;
299 static const char std_shortopts
[] =
302 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
303 /* -K is not meaningful if .word is not being hacked. */
306 'L', 'M', 'R', 'W', 'Z', 'f', 'a', ':', ':', 'D', 'I', ':', 'o', ':',
308 /* -v takes an argument on VMS, so we don't make it a generic
313 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also --itbl below) */
317 struct option
*longopts
;
318 extern struct option md_longopts
[];
319 extern size_t md_longopts_size
;
320 static const struct option std_longopts
[] = {
321 #define OPTION_HELP (OPTION_STD_BASE)
322 {"help", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_HELP
},
323 {"keep-locals", no_argument
, NULL
, 'L'},
324 {"mri", no_argument
, NULL
, 'M'},
325 #define OPTION_NOCPP (OPTION_STD_BASE + 1)
326 {"nocpp", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_NOCPP
},
327 #define OPTION_STATISTICS (OPTION_STD_BASE + 2)
328 {"statistics", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_STATISTICS
},
329 #define OPTION_VERSION (OPTION_STD_BASE + 3)
330 {"version", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_VERSION
},
331 #define OPTION_DUMPCONFIG (OPTION_STD_BASE + 4)
332 {"dump-config", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DUMPCONFIG
},
333 #define OPTION_VERBOSE (OPTION_STD_BASE + 5)
334 {"verbose", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_VERBOSE
},
335 #define OPTION_EMULATION (OPTION_STD_BASE + 6)
336 {"emulation", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_EMULATION
},
337 #define OPTION_DEFSYM (OPTION_STD_BASE + 7)
338 {"defsym", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DEFSYM
},
339 #define OPTION_INSTTBL (OPTION_STD_BASE + 8)
340 /* New option for extending instruction set (see also -t above).
341 The "-t file" or "--itbl file" option extends the basic set of
342 valid instructions by reading "file", a text file containing a
343 list of instruction formats. The additional opcodes and their
344 formats are added to the built-in set of instructions, and
345 mnemonics for new registers may also be defined. */
346 {"itbl", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_INSTTBL
},
347 #define OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH (OPTION_STD_BASE + 9)
348 {"listing-lhs-width", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH
},
349 #define OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2 (OPTION_STD_BASE + 10)
350 {"listing-lhs-width", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2
},
351 #define OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH (OPTION_STD_BASE + 11)
352 {"listing-rhs-width", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH
},
353 #define OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES (OPTION_STD_BASE + 12)
354 {"listing-cont-lines", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES
},
355 #define OPTION_DEPFILE (OPTION_STD_BASE + 13)
356 {"MD", required_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_DEPFILE
},
357 #define OPTION_GSTABS (OPTION_STD_BASE + 14)
358 {"gstabs", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_GSTABS
},
359 #define OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE (OPTION_STD_BASE + 15)
360 {"strip-local-absolute", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE
},
361 #define OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT (OPTION_STD_BASE + 16)
362 {"traditional-format", no_argument
, NULL
, OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT
}
365 /* Construct the option lists from the standard list and the
366 target dependent list. */
367 shortopts
= concat (std_shortopts
, md_shortopts
, (char *) NULL
);
368 longopts
= (struct option
*) xmalloc (sizeof (std_longopts
) + md_longopts_size
);
369 memcpy (longopts
, std_longopts
, sizeof (std_longopts
));
370 memcpy ((char *) longopts
+ sizeof (std_longopts
),
371 md_longopts
, md_longopts_size
);
373 /* Make a local copy of the old argv. */
377 /* Initialize a new argv that contains no options. */
378 new_argv
= (char **) xmalloc (sizeof (char *) * (old_argc
+ 1));
379 new_argv
[0] = old_argv
[0];
381 new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
385 /* getopt_long_only is like getopt_long, but '-' as well as '--' can
386 indicate a long option. */
388 int optc
= getopt_long_only (old_argc
, old_argv
, shortopts
, longopts
,
397 /* md_parse_option should return 1 if it recognizes optc,
399 if (md_parse_option (optc
, optarg
) != 0)
401 /* `-v' isn't included in the general short_opts list, so check for
402 it explicity here before deciding we've gotten a bad argument. */
406 /* Telling getopt to treat -v's value as optional can result
407 in it picking up a following filename argument here. The
408 VMS code in md_parse_option can return 0 in that case,
409 but it has no way of pushing the filename argument back. */
410 if (optarg
&& *optarg
)
411 new_argv
[new_argc
++] = optarg
, new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
425 case 1: /* File name. */
426 if (!strcmp (optarg
, "-"))
428 new_argv
[new_argc
++] = optarg
;
429 new_argv
[new_argc
] = NULL
;
439 case OPTION_STATISTICS
:
440 flag_print_statistics
= 1;
443 case OPTION_STRIP_LOCAL_ABSOLUTE
:
444 flag_strip_local_absolute
= 1;
447 case OPTION_TRADITIONAL_FORMAT
:
448 flag_traditional_format
= 1;
452 /* This output is intended to follow the GNU standards document. */
453 printf ("GNU assembler %s\n", VERSION
);
454 printf ("Copyright 1997 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\n");
456 This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of\n\
457 the GNU General Public License. This program has absolutely no warranty.\n");
458 printf ("This assembler was configured for a target of `%s'.\n",
462 case OPTION_EMULATION
:
463 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
464 if (strcmp (optarg
, this_emulation
->name
))
465 as_fatal ("multiple emulation names specified");
467 as_fatal ("emulations not handled in this configuration");
471 case OPTION_DUMPCONFIG
:
472 fprintf (stderr
, "alias = %s\n", TARGET_ALIAS
);
473 fprintf (stderr
, "canonical = %s\n", TARGET_CANONICAL
);
474 fprintf (stderr
, "cpu-type = %s\n", TARGET_CPU
);
475 #ifdef TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
476 fprintf (stderr
, "format = %s\n", TARGET_OBJ_FORMAT
);
479 fprintf (stderr
, "bfd-target = %s\n", TARGET_FORMAT
);
487 struct defsym_list
*n
;
489 for (s
= optarg
; *s
!= '\0' && *s
!= '='; s
++)
492 as_fatal ("bad defsym; format is --defsym name=value");
494 i
= strtol (s
, (char **) NULL
, 0);
495 n
= (struct defsym_list
*) xmalloc (sizeof *n
);
506 /* optarg is the name of the file containing the instruction
507 formats, opcodes, register names, etc. */
508 struct itbl_file_list
*n
;
512 as_warn ( "No file name following -t option\n" );
516 n
= (struct itbl_file_list
*) xmalloc (sizeof *n
);
517 n
->next
= itbl_files
;
521 /* Parse the file and add the new instructions to our internal
522 table. If multiple instruction tables are specified, the
523 information from this table gets appended onto the existing
525 itbl_files
->name
= xstrdup (optarg
);
526 if (itbl_parse (itbl_files
->name
) != 0)
528 fprintf (stderr
, "Failed to read instruction table %s\n",
536 start_dependencies (optarg
);
540 debug_type
= DEBUG_STABS
;
544 flag_signed_overflow_ok
= 1;
547 #ifndef WORKING_DOT_WORD
549 flag_warn_displacement
= 1;
554 flag_keep_locals
= 1;
557 case OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH
:
558 listing_lhs_width
= atoi(optarg
);
559 if (listing_lhs_width_second
< listing_lhs_width
)
560 listing_lhs_width_second
= listing_lhs_width
;
562 case OPTION_LISTING_LHS_WIDTH2
:
564 int tmp
= atoi(optarg
);
565 if (tmp
> listing_lhs_width
)
566 listing_lhs_width_second
= tmp
;
569 case OPTION_LISTING_RHS_WIDTH
:
570 listing_rhs_width
= atoi(optarg
);
572 case OPTION_LISTING_CONT_LINES
:
573 listing_lhs_cont_lines
= atoi(optarg
);
584 flag_readonly_data_in_text
= 1;
588 flag_no_warnings
= 1;
592 flag_always_generate_output
= 1;
603 listing
|= LISTING_NOCOND
;
606 listing
|= LISTING_NODEBUG
;
609 listing
|= LISTING_HLL
;
612 listing
|= LISTING_LISTING
;
615 listing
|= LISTING_MACEXP
;
618 listing
|= LISTING_NOFORM
;
621 listing
|= LISTING_SYMBOLS
;
624 listing_filename
= xstrdup (optarg
+ 1);
625 optarg
+= strlen (listing_filename
);
628 as_fatal ("invalid listing option `%c'", *optarg
);
635 listing
= LISTING_DEFAULT
;
639 /* DEBUG is implemented: it debugs different */
640 /* things from other people's assemblers. */
645 flag_no_comments
= 1;
649 { /* Include file directory */
650 char *temp
= xstrdup (optarg
);
651 add_include_dir (temp
);
656 out_file_name
= xstrdup (optarg
);
663 /* -X means treat warnings as errors */
675 static long start_time
;
686 start_time
= get_run_time ();
692 extern long _bfd_chunksize
;
698 #ifdef HOST_SPECIAL_INIT
699 HOST_SPECIAL_INIT (argc
, argv
);
703 xmalloc_set_program_name (myname
);
705 START_PROGRESS (myname
, 0);
707 #ifndef OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
708 #define OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME "a.out"
711 out_file_name
= OBJ_DEFAULT_OUTPUT_FILE_NAME
;
716 bfd_set_error_program_name (myname
);
719 #ifdef USE_EMULATIONS
720 select_emulation_mode (argc
, argv
);
727 parse_args (&argc
, &argv
);
729 input_scrub_begin ();
732 if (flag_print_statistics
)
733 xatexit (dump_statistics
);
738 macro_strip_at
= flag_mri
;
741 /* For compatibility with the AMD 29K family macro assembler
747 macro_init (macro_alternate
, flag_mri
, macro_strip_at
, macro_expr
);
752 output_file_create (out_file_name
);
753 assert (stdoutput
!= 0);
756 #ifdef tc_init_after_args
757 tc_init_after_args ();
762 /* Now that we have fully initialized, and have created the output
763 file, define any symbols requested by --defsym command line
765 while (defsyms
!= NULL
)
768 struct defsym_list
*next
;
770 sym
= symbol_new (defsyms
->name
, absolute_section
, defsyms
->value
,
772 symbol_table_insert (sym
);
773 next
= defsyms
->next
;
780 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc
, argv
); /* Assemble it. */
782 cond_finish_check (-1);
788 if (seen_at_least_1_file ()
789 && (flag_always_generate_output
|| had_errors () == 0))
794 #if defined (BFD_ASSEMBLER) || !defined (BFD)
795 /* This used to be done at the start of write_object_file in
796 write.c, but that caused problems when doing listings when
797 keep_it was zero. This could probably be moved above md_end, but
798 I didn't want to risk the change. */
803 write_object_file ();
806 listing_print (listing_filename
);
809 #ifndef OBJ_VMS /* does its own file handling */
810 #ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
813 output_file_close (out_file_name
);
816 if (had_errors () > 0 && ! flag_always_generate_output
)
820 unlink (out_file_name
);
824 END_PROGRESS (myname
);
826 /* Use xexit instead of return, because under VMS environments they
827 may not place the same interpretation on the value given. */
828 if (had_errors () > 0)
829 xexit (EXIT_FAILURE
);
831 /* Only generate dependency file if assembler was successful. */
832 print_dependencies ();
834 xexit (EXIT_SUCCESS
);
840 extern char **environ
;
842 char *lim
= (char *) sbrk (0);
844 long run_time
= get_run_time () - start_time
;
846 fprintf (stderr
, "%s: total time in assembly: %ld.%06ld\n",
847 myname
, run_time
/ 1000000, run_time
% 1000000);
849 fprintf (stderr
, "%s: data size %ld\n",
850 myname
, (long) (lim
- (char *) &environ
));
853 subsegs_print_statistics (stderr
);
854 write_print_statistics (stderr
);
855 symbol_print_statistics (stderr
);
856 read_print_statistics (stderr
);
858 #ifdef tc_print_statistics
859 tc_print_statistics (stderr
);
861 #ifdef obj_print_statistics
862 obj_print_statistics (stderr
);
867 /* perform_an_assembly_pass()
869 * Here to attempt 1 pass over each input file.
870 * We scan argv[*] looking for filenames or exactly "" which is
871 * shorthand for stdin. Any argv that is NULL is not a file-name.
872 * We set need_pass_2 TRUE if, after this, we still have unresolved
873 * expressions of the form (unknown value)+-(unknown value).
875 * Note the un*x semantics: there is only 1 logical input file, but it
876 * may be a catenation of many 'physical' input files.
879 perform_an_assembly_pass (argc
, argv
)
890 #ifndef BFD_ASSEMBLER
894 for (i
= SEG_E0
; i
< SEG_UNKNOWN
; i
++)
895 segment_info
[i
].fix_root
= 0;
897 /* Create the three fixed ones */
902 seg
= subseg_new (".wtext", 0);
904 seg
= subseg_new (".text", 0);
906 assert (seg
== SEG_E0
);
907 seg
= subseg_new (".data", 0);
908 assert (seg
== SEG_E1
);
909 seg
= subseg_new (".bss", 0);
910 assert (seg
== SEG_E2
);
912 create_target_segments ();
916 #else /* not MANY_SEGMENTS */
917 text_fix_root
= NULL
;
918 data_fix_root
= NULL
;
920 #endif /* not MANY_SEGMENTS */
921 #else /* BFD_ASSEMBLER */
922 /* Create the standard sections, and those the assembler uses
924 text_section
= subseg_new (".text", 0);
925 data_section
= subseg_new (".data", 0);
926 bss_section
= subseg_new (".bss", 0);
927 /* @@ FIXME -- we're setting the RELOC flag so that sections are assumed
928 to have relocs, otherwise we don't find out in time. */
929 applicable
= bfd_applicable_section_flags (stdoutput
);
930 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput
, text_section
,
931 applicable
& (SEC_ALLOC
| SEC_LOAD
| SEC_RELOC
932 | SEC_CODE
| SEC_READONLY
));
933 /* @@ FIXME -- SEC_CODE seems to mean code only, rather than code possibly.*/
934 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput
, data_section
,
935 applicable
& (SEC_ALLOC
| SEC_LOAD
| SEC_RELOC
));
936 bfd_set_section_flags (stdoutput
, bss_section
, applicable
& SEC_ALLOC
);
937 seg_info (bss_section
)->bss
= 1;
938 subseg_new (BFD_ABS_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
939 subseg_new (BFD_UND_SECTION_NAME
, 0);
940 reg_section
= subseg_new ("*GAS `reg' section*", 0);
941 expr_section
= subseg_new ("*GAS `expr' section*", 0);
943 #endif /* BFD_ASSEMBLER */
945 subseg_set (text_section
, 0);
947 /* This may add symbol table entries, which requires having an open BFD,
948 and sections already created, in BFD_ASSEMBLER mode. */
955 argv
++; /* skip argv[0] */
956 argc
--; /* skip argv[0] */
960 { /* Is it a file-name argument? */
963 /* argv->"" if stdin desired, else->filename */
964 read_a_source_file (*argv
);
966 argv
++; /* completed that argv */
969 read_a_source_file ("");
970 } /* perform_an_assembly_pass() */
972 /* The interface between the macro code and gas expression handling. */
975 macro_expr (emsg
, idx
, in
, val
)
986 hold
= input_line_pointer
;
987 input_line_pointer
= in
->ptr
+ idx
;
989 idx
= input_line_pointer
- in
->ptr
;
990 input_line_pointer
= hold
;
992 if (ex
.X_op
!= O_constant
)
995 *val
= (int) ex
.X_add_number
;