1 .\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation
2 .\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
3 .TH as 1 "29 March 1996" "Free Software Foundation" "GNU Development Tools"
6 GNU as \- the portable GNU assembler.
11 .RB "[\|" \-a "[\|" dhlns "\|]" \c
16 .RB "[\|" \-\-defsym\ SYM=VAL "\|]"
18 .RB "[\|" \-\-gstabs "\|]"
24 .RB "[\|" \-M\ |\ \-\-mri "\|]"
29 .RB "[\|" \-\-traditional\-format "\|]"
32 .RB "[\|" \-\^\- "\ |\ " \c
38 .RB "[\|" \-ACA "\||\|" \-ACA_A "\||\|" \-ACB\c
39 .RB "\||\|" \-ACC "\||\|" \-AKA "\||\|" \-AKB\c
40 .RB "\||\|" \-AKC "\||\|" \-AMC "\|]"
42 .RB "[\|" \-no-relax "\|]"
44 .I m680x0-only options:
47 .RB "[\|" \-mc68000 "\||\|" \-mc68010 "\||\|" \-mc68020 "\|]"
53 \& is really a family of assemblers.
54 If you use (or have used) the GNU assembler on one architecture, you
55 should find a fairly similar environment when you use it on another
56 architecture. Each version has much in common with the others,
57 including object file formats, most assembler directives (often called
60 \& and assembler syntax.
62 For information on the syntax and pseudo-ops used by GNU \c
71 Using as: The GNU Assembler\c
76 \& is primarily intended to assemble the output of the GNU C
79 \& for use by the linker \c
82 we've tried to make \c
84 \& assemble correctly everything that the native
88 \& always uses the same syntax as another
89 assembler for the same architecture; for example, we know of several
90 incompatible versions of 680x0 assembly language syntax.
94 \& it assembles exactly one source
95 program. The source program is made up of one or more files.
96 (The standard input is also a file.)
100 \& is given no file names it attempts to read one input file
103 \& standard input, which is normally your terminal. You
108 \& there is no more program
109 to assemble. Use `\|\c
111 \|' if you need to explicitly name the standard input file
112 in your command line.
115 \& may write warnings and error messages to the standard error
116 file (usually your terminal). This should not happen when \c
119 run automatically by a compiler. Warnings report an assumption made so
122 \& could keep assembling a flawed program; errors report a
123 grave problem that stops the assembly.
128 Turn on assembly listings. There are various suboptions.
130 omits debugging directives.
132 includes the high level source code; this is only available if the
133 source file can be found, and the code was compiled with
136 includes an assembly listing.
138 omits forms processing.
140 includes a symbol listing.
143 sets the listing file name; this must be the last suboption.
144 The default suboptions are
148 This option is accepted only for script compatibility with calls to
149 other assemblers; it has no effect on \c
153 .B \-\-defsym SYM=VALUE
154 Define the symbol SYM to be VALUE before assembling the input file.
155 VALUE must be an integer constant. As in C, a leading 0x indicates a
156 hexadecimal value, and a leading 0 indicates an octal value.
159 ``fast''--skip preprocessing (assume source is compiler output).
164 to the search list for
169 Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line. This
170 may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it.
173 Issue warnings when difference tables altered for long displacements.
176 Keep (in symbol table) local symbols, starting with `\|\c
181 Assemble in MRI compatibility mode.
184 Name the object-file output from \c
188 Fold data section into text section
190 .B \-\-traditional\-format
191 Use same format as native assembler, when possible.
199 Suppress warning messages.
201 .B \-\-fatal\-warnings
202 Consider warnings to be fatal.
205 Just warn on warnings.
207 .IR "\-\^\-" "\ |\ " "files\|.\|.\|."
208 Source files to assemble, or standard input (\c
213 (When configured for Intel 960.)
214 Specify which variant of the 960 architecture is the target.
218 (When configured for Intel 960.)
219 Add code to collect statistics about branches taken.
223 (When configured for Intel 960.)
224 Do not alter compare-and-branch instructions for long displacements;
229 (When configured for Motorola 68000).
231 Shorten references to undefined symbols, to one word instead of two.
233 .BR "\-mc68000" "\||\|" "\-mc68010" "\||\|" "\-mc68020"
235 (When configured for Motorola 68000).
237 Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the target (default 68020)
240 Options may be in any order, and may be
241 before, after, or between file names. The order of file names is
246 \|' (two hyphens) by itself names the standard input file
247 explicitly, as one of the files for \c
253 \|' any command line argument that begins with a
256 \|') is an option. Each option changes the behavior of
259 \&. No option changes the way another option works. An
262 \|' followed by one or more letters; the case of
263 the letter is important. All options are optional.
267 \|' option expects exactly one file name to follow. The file
268 name may either immediately follow the option's letter (compatible
269 with older assemblers) or it may be the next command argument (GNU
272 These two command lines are equivalent:
275 as\ \ \-o\ \ my\-object\-file.o\ \ mumble.s
278 as\ \ \-omy\-object\-file.o\ \ mumble.s
287 Using as: The GNU Assembler\c
293 Copyright (c) 1991, 1992, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
295 This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free
296 Documenation License. That license is described in the GNU Free
297 Documentation License section.
299 .SH GNU Free Documentation License
300 Version 1.1, March 2000
302 Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
303 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
305 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
306 copies of this license document, but changing it is
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312 written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
313 the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
314 modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
315 this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
316 credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
317 modifications made by others.
319 This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
320 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
321 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
322 license designed for free software.
324 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
325 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
326 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
327 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
328 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
329 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
330 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
332 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
334 This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
335 notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
336 under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
337 such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
340 A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
341 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
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357 that says that the Document is released under this License.
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390 preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
394 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
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407 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
409 If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
410 and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
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412 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
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442 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
446 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
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453 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
454 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
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539 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
541 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
542 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
543 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
544 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
545 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
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554 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
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557 In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
558 in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
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560 and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
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564 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
566 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
567 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
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572 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
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575 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
578 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
580 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
581 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
582 distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
583 of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
584 compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
585 License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
586 with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
587 are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
589 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
590 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
591 of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
592 covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
593 Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
598 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
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600 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
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602 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
603 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
604 translation of this License provided that you also include the
605 original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
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607 License, the original English version will prevail.
612 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
613 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
614 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
615 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
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617 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
618 parties remain in full compliance.
621 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
623 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
624 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
625 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
626 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
627 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
629 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
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634 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
635 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
636 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
639 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
641 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
642 the License in the document and put the following copyright and
643 license notices just after the title page:
645 Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
646 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
647 modify this document under the terms of the GNU
648 Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later
649 version published by the Free Software Foundation;
650 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES,
651 with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the
652 Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license
653 is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
654 Documentation License".
656 If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
657 instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
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661 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
662 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
663 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
664 to permit their use in free software.
projects / deliverable / binutils-gdb.git / blob