[PATCH] OOM can panic due to processes stuck in __alloc_pages()

[deliverable/linux.git] / mm / page_alloc.c

/*
 *  linux/mm/page_alloc.c
 *
 *  Manages the free list, the system allocates free pages here.
 *  Note that kmalloc() lives in slab.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
 *  Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
 *  Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
 *  Reshaped it to be a zoned allocator, Ingo Molnar, Red Hat, 1999
 *  Discontiguous memory support, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Nov 1999
 *  Zone balancing, Kanoj Sarcar, SGI, Jan 2000
 *  Per cpu hot/cold page lists, bulk allocation, Martin J. Bligh, Sept 2002
 *          (lots of bits borrowed from Ingo Molnar & Andrew Morton)
 */

#include <linux/stddef.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/suspend.h>
#include <linux/pagevec.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/topology.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/stop_machine.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>

#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <asm/div64.h>
#include "internal.h"

/*
 * MCD - HACK: Find somewhere to initialize this EARLY, or make this
 * initializer cleaner
 */
nodemask_t node_online_map __read_mostly = { { [0] = 1UL } };
EXPORT_SYMBOL(node_online_map);
nodemask_t node_possible_map __read_mostly = NODE_MASK_ALL;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(node_possible_map);
unsigned long totalram_pages __read_mostly;
unsigned long totalreserve_pages __read_mostly;
long nr_swap_pages;
int percpu_pagelist_fraction;

static void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order);

/*
 * results with 256, 32 in the lowmem_reserve sysctl:
 *      1G machine -> (16M dma, 800M-16M normal, 1G-800M high)
 *      1G machine -> (16M dma, 784M normal, 224M high)
 *      NORMAL allocation will leave 784M/256 of ram reserved in the ZONE_DMA
 *      HIGHMEM allocation will leave 224M/32 of ram reserved in ZONE_NORMAL
 *      HIGHMEM allocation will (224M+784M)/256 of ram reserved in ZONE_DMA
 *
 * TBD: should special case ZONE_DMA32 machines here - in those we normally
 * don't need any ZONE_NORMAL reservation
 */
int sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[MAX_NR_ZONES-1] = {
         256,
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
         256,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
         32
#endif
};

EXPORT_SYMBOL(totalram_pages);

static char *zone_names[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {
         "DMA",
#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
         "DMA32",
#endif
         "Normal",
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
         "HighMem"
#endif
};

int min_free_kbytes = 1024;

unsigned long __meminitdata nr_kernel_pages;
unsigned long __meminitdata nr_all_pages;
static unsigned long __initdata dma_reserve;

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP
  /*
   * MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS determines the maxmimum number of distinct
   * ranges of memory (RAM) that may be registered with add_active_range().
   * Ranges passed to add_active_range() will be merged if possible
   * so the number of times add_active_range() can be called is
   * related to the number of nodes and the number of holes
   */
  #ifdef CONFIG_MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS
    /* Allow an architecture to set MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS to save memory */
    #define MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS CONFIG_MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS
  #else
    #if MAX_NUMNODES >= 32
      /* If there can be many nodes, allow up to 50 holes per node */
      #define MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS (MAX_NUMNODES*50)
    #else
      /* By default, allow up to 256 distinct regions */
      #define MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS 256
    #endif
  #endif

  struct node_active_region __initdata early_node_map[MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS];
  int __initdata nr_nodemap_entries;
  unsigned long __initdata arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[MAX_NR_ZONES];
  unsigned long __initdata arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[MAX_NR_ZONES];
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE
  unsigned long __initdata node_boundary_start_pfn[MAX_NUMNODES];
  unsigned long __initdata node_boundary_end_pfn[MAX_NUMNODES];
#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE */
#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP */

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
static int page_outside_zone_boundaries(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
        int ret = 0;
        unsigned seq;
        unsigned long pfn = page_to_pfn(page);

        do {
                seq = zone_span_seqbegin(zone);
                if (pfn >= zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages)
                        ret = 1;
                else if (pfn < zone->zone_start_pfn)
                        ret = 1;
        } while (zone_span_seqretry(zone, seq));

        return ret;
}

static int page_is_consistent(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE
        if (!pfn_valid(page_to_pfn(page)))
                return 0;
#endif
        if (zone != page_zone(page))
                return 0;

        return 1;
}
/*
 * Temporary debugging check for pages not lying within a given zone.
 */
static int bad_range(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
        if (page_outside_zone_boundaries(zone, page))
                return 1;
        if (!page_is_consistent(zone, page))
                return 1;

        return 0;
}
#else
static inline int bad_range(struct zone *zone, struct page *page)
{
        return 0;
}
#endif

static void bad_page(struct page *page)
{
        printk(KERN_EMERG "Bad page state in process '%s'\n"
                KERN_EMERG "page:%p flags:0x%0*lx mapping:%p mapcount:%d count:%d\n"
                KERN_EMERG "Trying to fix it up, but a reboot is needed\n"
                KERN_EMERG "Backtrace:\n",
                current->comm, page, (int)(2*sizeof(unsigned long)),
                (unsigned long)page->flags, page->mapping,
                page_mapcount(page), page_count(page));
        dump_stack();
        page->flags &= ~(1 << PG_lru    |
                        1 << PG_private |
                        1 << PG_locked  |
                        1 << PG_active  |
                        1 << PG_dirty   |
                        1 << PG_reclaim |
                        1 << PG_slab    |
                        1 << PG_swapcache |
                        1 << PG_writeback |
                        1 << PG_buddy );
        set_page_count(page, 0);
        reset_page_mapcount(page);
        page->mapping = NULL;
        add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE);
}

/*
 * Higher-order pages are called "compound pages".  They are structured thusly:
 *
 * The first PAGE_SIZE page is called the "head page".
 *
 * The remaining PAGE_SIZE pages are called "tail pages".
 *
 * All pages have PG_compound set.  All pages have their ->private pointing at
 * the head page (even the head page has this).
 *
 * The first tail page's ->lru.next holds the address of the compound page's
 * put_page() function.  Its ->lru.prev holds the order of allocation.
 * This usage means that zero-order pages may not be compound.
 */

static void free_compound_page(struct page *page)
{
        __free_pages_ok(page, (unsigned long)page[1].lru.prev);
}

static void prep_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
{
        int i;
        int nr_pages = 1 << order;

        page[1].lru.next = (void *)free_compound_page;  /* set dtor */
        page[1].lru.prev = (void *)order;
        for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
                struct page *p = page + i;

                __SetPageCompound(p);
                set_page_private(p, (unsigned long)page);
        }
}

static void destroy_compound_page(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
{
        int i;
        int nr_pages = 1 << order;

        if (unlikely((unsigned long)page[1].lru.prev != order))
                bad_page(page);

        for (i = 0; i < nr_pages; i++) {
                struct page *p = page + i;

                if (unlikely(!PageCompound(p) |
                                (page_private(p) != (unsigned long)page)))
                        bad_page(page);
                __ClearPageCompound(p);
        }
}

static inline void prep_zero_page(struct page *page, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
        int i;

        VM_BUG_ON((gfp_flags & (__GFP_WAIT | __GFP_HIGHMEM)) == __GFP_HIGHMEM);
        /*
         * clear_highpage() will use KM_USER0, so it's a bug to use __GFP_ZERO
         * and __GFP_HIGHMEM from hard or soft interrupt context.
         */
        VM_BUG_ON((gfp_flags & __GFP_HIGHMEM) && in_interrupt());
        for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++)
                clear_highpage(page + i);
}

/*
 * function for dealing with page's order in buddy system.
 * zone->lock is already acquired when we use these.
 * So, we don't need atomic page->flags operations here.
 */
static inline unsigned long page_order(struct page *page)
{
        return page_private(page);
}

static inline void set_page_order(struct page *page, int order)
{
        set_page_private(page, order);
        __SetPageBuddy(page);
}

static inline void rmv_page_order(struct page *page)
{
        __ClearPageBuddy(page);
        set_page_private(page, 0);
}

/*
 * Locate the struct page for both the matching buddy in our
 * pair (buddy1) and the combined O(n+1) page they form (page).
 *
 * 1) Any buddy B1 will have an order O twin B2 which satisfies
 * the following equation:
 *     B2 = B1 ^ (1 << O)
 * For example, if the starting buddy (buddy2) is #8 its order
 * 1 buddy is #10:
 *     B2 = 8 ^ (1 << 1) = 8 ^ 2 = 10
 *
 * 2) Any buddy B will have an order O+1 parent P which
 * satisfies the following equation:
 *     P = B & ~(1 << O)
 *
 * Assumption: *_mem_map is contiguous at least up to MAX_ORDER
 */
static inline struct page *
__page_find_buddy(struct page *page, unsigned long page_idx, unsigned int order)
{
        unsigned long buddy_idx = page_idx ^ (1 << order);

        return page + (buddy_idx - page_idx);
}

static inline unsigned long
__find_combined_index(unsigned long page_idx, unsigned int order)
{
        return (page_idx & ~(1 << order));
}

/*
 * This function checks whether a page is free && is the buddy
 * we can do coalesce a page and its buddy if
 * (a) the buddy is not in a hole &&
 * (b) the buddy is in the buddy system &&
 * (c) a page and its buddy have the same order &&
 * (d) a page and its buddy are in the same zone.
 *
 * For recording whether a page is in the buddy system, we use PG_buddy.
 * Setting, clearing, and testing PG_buddy is serialized by zone->lock.
 *
 * For recording page's order, we use page_private(page).
 */
static inline int page_is_buddy(struct page *page, struct page *buddy,
                                                                int order)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_HOLES_IN_ZONE
        if (!pfn_valid(page_to_pfn(buddy)))
                return 0;
#endif

        if (page_zone_id(page) != page_zone_id(buddy))
                return 0;

        if (PageBuddy(buddy) && page_order(buddy) == order) {
                BUG_ON(page_count(buddy) != 0);
                return 1;
        }
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Freeing function for a buddy system allocator.
 *
 * The concept of a buddy system is to maintain direct-mapped table
 * (containing bit values) for memory blocks of various "orders".
 * The bottom level table contains the map for the smallest allocatable
 * units of memory (here, pages), and each level above it describes
 * pairs of units from the levels below, hence, "buddies".
 * At a high level, all that happens here is marking the table entry
 * at the bottom level available, and propagating the changes upward
 * as necessary, plus some accounting needed to play nicely with other
 * parts of the VM system.
 * At each level, we keep a list of pages, which are heads of continuous
 * free pages of length of (1 << order) and marked with PG_buddy. Page's
 * order is recorded in page_private(page) field.
 * So when we are allocating or freeing one, we can derive the state of the
 * other.  That is, if we allocate a small block, and both were   
 * free, the remainder of the region must be split into blocks.   
 * If a block is freed, and its buddy is also free, then this
 * triggers coalescing into a block of larger size.            
 *
 * -- wli
 */

static inline void __free_one_page(struct page *page,
                struct zone *zone, unsigned int order)
{
        unsigned long page_idx;
        int order_size = 1 << order;

        if (unlikely(PageCompound(page)))
                destroy_compound_page(page, order);

        page_idx = page_to_pfn(page) & ((1 << MAX_ORDER) - 1);

        VM_BUG_ON(page_idx & (order_size - 1));
        VM_BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, page));

        zone->free_pages += order_size;
        while (order < MAX_ORDER-1) {
                unsigned long combined_idx;
                struct free_area *area;
                struct page *buddy;

                buddy = __page_find_buddy(page, page_idx, order);
                if (!page_is_buddy(page, buddy, order))
                        break;          /* Move the buddy up one level. */

                list_del(&buddy->lru);
                area = zone->free_area + order;
                area->nr_free--;
                rmv_page_order(buddy);
                combined_idx = __find_combined_index(page_idx, order);
                page = page + (combined_idx - page_idx);
                page_idx = combined_idx;
                order++;
        }
        set_page_order(page, order);
        list_add(&page->lru, &zone->free_area[order].free_list);
        zone->free_area[order].nr_free++;
}

static inline int free_pages_check(struct page *page)
{
        if (unlikely(page_mapcount(page) |
                (page->mapping != NULL)  |
                (page_count(page) != 0)  |
                (page->flags & (
                        1 << PG_lru     |
                        1 << PG_private |
                        1 << PG_locked  |
                        1 << PG_active  |
                        1 << PG_reclaim |
                        1 << PG_slab    |
                        1 << PG_swapcache |
                        1 << PG_writeback |
                        1 << PG_reserved |
                        1 << PG_buddy ))))
                bad_page(page);
        if (PageDirty(page))
                __ClearPageDirty(page);
        /*
         * For now, we report if PG_reserved was found set, but do not
         * clear it, and do not free the page.  But we shall soon need
         * to do more, for when the ZERO_PAGE count wraps negative.
         */
        return PageReserved(page);
}

/*
 * Frees a list of pages. 
 * Assumes all pages on list are in same zone, and of same order.
 * count is the number of pages to free.
 *
 * If the zone was previously in an "all pages pinned" state then look to
 * see if this freeing clears that state.
 *
 * And clear the zone's pages_scanned counter, to hold off the "all pages are
 * pinned" detection logic.
 */
static void free_pages_bulk(struct zone *zone, int count,
                                        struct list_head *list, int order)
{
        spin_lock(&zone->lock);
        zone->all_unreclaimable = 0;
        zone->pages_scanned = 0;
        while (count--) {
                struct page *page;

                VM_BUG_ON(list_empty(list));
                page = list_entry(list->prev, struct page, lru);
                /* have to delete it as __free_one_page list manipulates */
                list_del(&page->lru);
                __free_one_page(page, zone, order);
        }
        spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
}

static void free_one_page(struct zone *zone, struct page *page, int order)
{
        spin_lock(&zone->lock);
        zone->all_unreclaimable = 0;
        zone->pages_scanned = 0;
        __free_one_page(page, zone, order);
        spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
}

static void __free_pages_ok(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        int i;
        int reserved = 0;

        for (i = 0 ; i < (1 << order) ; ++i)
                reserved += free_pages_check(page + i);
        if (reserved)
                return;

        if (!PageHighMem(page))
                debug_check_no_locks_freed(page_address(page),PAGE_SIZE<<order);
        arch_free_page(page, order);
        kernel_map_pages(page, 1 << order, 0);

        local_irq_save(flags);
        __count_vm_events(PGFREE, 1 << order);
        free_one_page(page_zone(page), page, order);
        local_irq_restore(flags);
}

/*
 * permit the bootmem allocator to evade page validation on high-order frees
 */
void fastcall __init __free_pages_bootmem(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
        if (order == 0) {
                __ClearPageReserved(page);
                set_page_count(page, 0);
                set_page_refcounted(page);
                __free_page(page);
        } else {
                int loop;

                prefetchw(page);
                for (loop = 0; loop < BITS_PER_LONG; loop++) {
                        struct page *p = &page[loop];

                        if (loop + 1 < BITS_PER_LONG)
                                prefetchw(p + 1);
                        __ClearPageReserved(p);
                        set_page_count(p, 0);
                }

                set_page_refcounted(page);
                __free_pages(page, order);
        }
}


/*
 * The order of subdivision here is critical for the IO subsystem.
 * Please do not alter this order without good reasons and regression
 * testing. Specifically, as large blocks of memory are subdivided,
 * the order in which smaller blocks are delivered depends on the order
 * they're subdivided in this function. This is the primary factor
 * influencing the order in which pages are delivered to the IO
 * subsystem according to empirical testing, and this is also justified
 * by considering the behavior of a buddy system containing a single
 * large block of memory acted on by a series of small allocations.
 * This behavior is a critical factor in sglist merging's success.
 *
 * -- wli
 */
static inline void expand(struct zone *zone, struct page *page,
        int low, int high, struct free_area *area)
{
        unsigned long size = 1 << high;

        while (high > low) {
                area--;
                high--;
                size >>= 1;
                VM_BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, &page[size]));
                list_add(&page[size].lru, &area->free_list);
                area->nr_free++;
                set_page_order(&page[size], high);
        }
}

/*
 * This page is about to be returned from the page allocator
 */
static int prep_new_page(struct page *page, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
        if (unlikely(page_mapcount(page) |
                (page->mapping != NULL)  |
                (page_count(page) != 0)  |
                (page->flags & (
                        1 << PG_lru     |
                        1 << PG_private |
                        1 << PG_locked  |
                        1 << PG_active  |
                        1 << PG_dirty   |
                        1 << PG_reclaim |
                        1 << PG_slab    |
                        1 << PG_swapcache |
                        1 << PG_writeback |
                        1 << PG_reserved |
                        1 << PG_buddy ))))
                bad_page(page);

        /*
         * For now, we report if PG_reserved was found set, but do not
         * clear it, and do not allocate the page: as a safety net.
         */
        if (PageReserved(page))
                return 1;

        page->flags &= ~(1 << PG_uptodate | 1 << PG_error |
                        1 << PG_referenced | 1 << PG_arch_1 |
                        1 << PG_checked | 1 << PG_mappedtodisk);
        set_page_private(page, 0);
        set_page_refcounted(page);

        arch_alloc_page(page, order);
        kernel_map_pages(page, 1 << order, 1);

        if (gfp_flags & __GFP_ZERO)
                prep_zero_page(page, order, gfp_flags);

        if (order && (gfp_flags & __GFP_COMP))
                prep_compound_page(page, order);

        return 0;
}

/* 
 * Do the hard work of removing an element from the buddy allocator.
 * Call me with the zone->lock already held.
 */
static struct page *__rmqueue(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order)
{
        struct free_area * area;
        unsigned int current_order;
        struct page *page;

        for (current_order = order; current_order < MAX_ORDER; ++current_order) {
                area = zone->free_area + current_order;
                if (list_empty(&area->free_list))
                        continue;

                page = list_entry(area->free_list.next, struct page, lru);
                list_del(&page->lru);
                rmv_page_order(page);
                area->nr_free--;
                zone->free_pages -= 1UL << order;
                expand(zone, page, order, current_order, area);
                return page;
        }

        return NULL;
}

/* 
 * Obtain a specified number of elements from the buddy allocator, all under
 * a single hold of the lock, for efficiency.  Add them to the supplied list.
 * Returns the number of new pages which were placed at *list.
 */
static int rmqueue_bulk(struct zone *zone, unsigned int order, 
                        unsigned long count, struct list_head *list)
{
        int i;
        
        spin_lock(&zone->lock);
        for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
                struct page *page = __rmqueue(zone, order);
                if (unlikely(page == NULL))
                        break;
                list_add_tail(&page->lru, list);
        }
        spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
        return i;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/*
 * Called from the slab reaper to drain pagesets on a particular node that
 * belongs to the currently executing processor.
 * Note that this function must be called with the thread pinned to
 * a single processor.
 */
void drain_node_pages(int nodeid)
{
        int i;
        enum zone_type z;
        unsigned long flags;

        for (z = 0; z < MAX_NR_ZONES; z++) {
                struct zone *zone = NODE_DATA(nodeid)->node_zones + z;
                struct per_cpu_pageset *pset;

                if (!populated_zone(zone))
                        continue;

                pset = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
                for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pset->pcp); i++) {
                        struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

                        pcp = &pset->pcp[i];
                        if (pcp->count) {
                                local_irq_save(flags);
                                free_pages_bulk(zone, pcp->count, &pcp->list, 0);
                                pcp->count = 0;
                                local_irq_restore(flags);
                        }
                }
        }
}
#endif

#if defined(CONFIG_PM) || defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU)
static void __drain_pages(unsigned int cpu)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct zone *zone;
        int i;

        for_each_zone(zone) {
                struct per_cpu_pageset *pset;

                pset = zone_pcp(zone, cpu);
                for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pset->pcp); i++) {
                        struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

                        pcp = &pset->pcp[i];
                        local_irq_save(flags);
                        free_pages_bulk(zone, pcp->count, &pcp->list, 0);
                        pcp->count = 0;
                        local_irq_restore(flags);
                }
        }
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PM || CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */

#ifdef CONFIG_PM

void mark_free_pages(struct zone *zone)
{
        unsigned long pfn, max_zone_pfn;
        unsigned long flags;
        int order;
        struct list_head *curr;

        if (!zone->spanned_pages)
                return;

        spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);

        max_zone_pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn + zone->spanned_pages;
        for (pfn = zone->zone_start_pfn; pfn < max_zone_pfn; pfn++)
                if (pfn_valid(pfn)) {
                        struct page *page = pfn_to_page(pfn);

                        if (!PageNosave(page))
                                ClearPageNosaveFree(page);
                }

        for (order = MAX_ORDER - 1; order >= 0; --order)
                list_for_each(curr, &zone->free_area[order].free_list) {
                        unsigned long i;

                        pfn = page_to_pfn(list_entry(curr, struct page, lru));
                        for (i = 0; i < (1UL << order); i++)
                                SetPageNosaveFree(pfn_to_page(pfn + i));
                }

        spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
}

/*
 * Spill all of this CPU's per-cpu pages back into the buddy allocator.
 */
void drain_local_pages(void)
{
        unsigned long flags;

        local_irq_save(flags);  
        __drain_pages(smp_processor_id());
        local_irq_restore(flags);       
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PM */

/*
 * Free a 0-order page
 */
static void fastcall free_hot_cold_page(struct page *page, int cold)
{
        struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
        struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;
        unsigned long flags;

        if (PageAnon(page))
                page->mapping = NULL;
        if (free_pages_check(page))
                return;

        if (!PageHighMem(page))
                debug_check_no_locks_freed(page_address(page), PAGE_SIZE);
        arch_free_page(page, 0);
        kernel_map_pages(page, 1, 0);

        pcp = &zone_pcp(zone, get_cpu())->pcp[cold];
        local_irq_save(flags);
        __count_vm_event(PGFREE);
        list_add(&page->lru, &pcp->list);
        pcp->count++;
        if (pcp->count >= pcp->high) {
                free_pages_bulk(zone, pcp->batch, &pcp->list, 0);
                pcp->count -= pcp->batch;
        }
        local_irq_restore(flags);
        put_cpu();
}

void fastcall free_hot_page(struct page *page)
{
        free_hot_cold_page(page, 0);
}
        
void fastcall free_cold_page(struct page *page)
{
        free_hot_cold_page(page, 1);
}

/*
 * split_page takes a non-compound higher-order page, and splits it into
 * n (1<<order) sub-pages: page[0..n]
 * Each sub-page must be freed individually.
 *
 * Note: this is probably too low level an operation for use in drivers.
 * Please consult with lkml before using this in your driver.
 */
void split_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
        int i;

        VM_BUG_ON(PageCompound(page));
        VM_BUG_ON(!page_count(page));
        for (i = 1; i < (1 << order); i++)
                set_page_refcounted(page + i);
}

/*
 * Really, prep_compound_page() should be called from __rmqueue_bulk().  But
 * we cheat by calling it from here, in the order > 0 path.  Saves a branch
 * or two.
 */
static struct page *buffered_rmqueue(struct zonelist *zonelist,
                        struct zone *zone, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
{
        unsigned long flags;
        struct page *page;
        int cold = !!(gfp_flags & __GFP_COLD);
        int cpu;

again:
        cpu  = get_cpu();
        if (likely(order == 0)) {
                struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

                pcp = &zone_pcp(zone, cpu)->pcp[cold];
                local_irq_save(flags);
                if (!pcp->count) {
                        pcp->count = rmqueue_bulk(zone, 0,
                                                pcp->batch, &pcp->list);
                        if (unlikely(!pcp->count))
                                goto failed;
                }
                page = list_entry(pcp->list.next, struct page, lru);
                list_del(&page->lru);
                pcp->count--;
        } else {
                spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
                page = __rmqueue(zone, order);
                spin_unlock(&zone->lock);
                if (!page)
                        goto failed;
        }

        __count_zone_vm_events(PGALLOC, zone, 1 << order);
        zone_statistics(zonelist, zone);
        local_irq_restore(flags);
        put_cpu();

        VM_BUG_ON(bad_range(zone, page));
        if (prep_new_page(page, order, gfp_flags))
                goto again;
        return page;

failed:
        local_irq_restore(flags);
        put_cpu();
        return NULL;
}

#define ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS     0x01 /* don't check watermarks at all */
#define ALLOC_WMARK_MIN         0x02 /* use pages_min watermark */
#define ALLOC_WMARK_LOW         0x04 /* use pages_low watermark */
#define ALLOC_WMARK_HIGH        0x08 /* use pages_high watermark */
#define ALLOC_HARDER            0x10 /* try to alloc harder */
#define ALLOC_HIGH              0x20 /* __GFP_HIGH set */
#define ALLOC_CPUSET            0x40 /* check for correct cpuset */

/*
 * Return 1 if free pages are above 'mark'. This takes into account the order
 * of the allocation.
 */
int zone_watermark_ok(struct zone *z, int order, unsigned long mark,
                      int classzone_idx, int alloc_flags)
{
        /* free_pages my go negative - that's OK */
        unsigned long min = mark;
        long free_pages = z->free_pages - (1 << order) + 1;
        int o;

        if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HIGH)
                min -= min / 2;
        if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_HARDER)
                min -= min / 4;

        if (free_pages <= min + z->lowmem_reserve[classzone_idx])
                return 0;
        for (o = 0; o < order; o++) {
                /* At the next order, this order's pages become unavailable */
                free_pages -= z->free_area[o].nr_free << o;

                /* Require fewer higher order pages to be free */
                min >>= 1;

                if (free_pages <= min)
                        return 0;
        }
        return 1;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/*
 * zlc_setup - Setup for "zonelist cache".  Uses cached zone data to
 * skip over zones that are not allowed by the cpuset, or that have
 * been recently (in last second) found to be nearly full.  See further
 * comments in mmzone.h.  Reduces cache footprint of zonelist scans
 * that have to skip over alot of full or unallowed zones.
 *
 * If the zonelist cache is present in the passed in zonelist, then
 * returns a pointer to the allowed node mask (either the current
 * tasks mems_allowed, or node_online_map.)
 *
 * If the zonelist cache is not available for this zonelist, does
 * nothing and returns NULL.
 *
 * If the fullzones BITMAP in the zonelist cache is stale (more than
 * a second since last zap'd) then we zap it out (clear its bits.)
 *
 * We hold off even calling zlc_setup, until after we've checked the
 * first zone in the zonelist, on the theory that most allocations will
 * be satisfied from that first zone, so best to examine that zone as
 * quickly as we can.
 */
static nodemask_t *zlc_setup(struct zonelist *zonelist, int alloc_flags)
{
        struct zonelist_cache *zlc;     /* cached zonelist speedup info */
        nodemask_t *allowednodes;       /* zonelist_cache approximation */

        zlc = zonelist->zlcache_ptr;
        if (!zlc)
                return NULL;

        if (jiffies - zlc->last_full_zap > 1 * HZ) {
                bitmap_zero(zlc->fullzones, MAX_ZONES_PER_ZONELIST);
                zlc->last_full_zap = jiffies;
        }

        allowednodes = !in_interrupt() && (alloc_flags & ALLOC_CPUSET) ?
                                        &cpuset_current_mems_allowed :
                                        &node_online_map;
        return allowednodes;
}

/*
 * Given 'z' scanning a zonelist, run a couple of quick checks to see
 * if it is worth looking at further for free memory:
 *  1) Check that the zone isn't thought to be full (doesn't have its
 *     bit set in the zonelist_cache fullzones BITMAP).
 *  2) Check that the zones node (obtained from the zonelist_cache
 *     z_to_n[] mapping) is allowed in the passed in allowednodes mask.
 * Return true (non-zero) if zone is worth looking at further, or
 * else return false (zero) if it is not.
 *
 * This check -ignores- the distinction between various watermarks,
 * such as GFP_HIGH, GFP_ATOMIC, PF_MEMALLOC, ...  If a zone is
 * found to be full for any variation of these watermarks, it will
 * be considered full for up to one second by all requests, unless
 * we are so low on memory on all allowed nodes that we are forced
 * into the second scan of the zonelist.
 *
 * In the second scan we ignore this zonelist cache and exactly
 * apply the watermarks to all zones, even it is slower to do so.
 * We are low on memory in the second scan, and should leave no stone
 * unturned looking for a free page.
 */
static int zlc_zone_worth_trying(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zone **z,
                                                nodemask_t *allowednodes)
{
        struct zonelist_cache *zlc;     /* cached zonelist speedup info */
        int i;                          /* index of *z in zonelist zones */
        int n;                          /* node that zone *z is on */

        zlc = zonelist->zlcache_ptr;
        if (!zlc)
                return 1;

        i = z - zonelist->zones;
        n = zlc->z_to_n[i];

        /* This zone is worth trying if it is allowed but not full */
        return node_isset(n, *allowednodes) && !test_bit(i, zlc->fullzones);
}

/*
 * Given 'z' scanning a zonelist, set the corresponding bit in
 * zlc->fullzones, so that subsequent attempts to allocate a page
 * from that zone don't waste time re-examining it.
 */
static void zlc_mark_zone_full(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zone **z)
{
        struct zonelist_cache *zlc;     /* cached zonelist speedup info */
        int i;                          /* index of *z in zonelist zones */

        zlc = zonelist->zlcache_ptr;
        if (!zlc)
                return;

        i = z - zonelist->zones;

        set_bit(i, zlc->fullzones);
}

#else   /* CONFIG_NUMA */

static nodemask_t *zlc_setup(struct zonelist *zonelist, int alloc_flags)
{
        return NULL;
}

static int zlc_zone_worth_trying(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zone **z,
                                nodemask_t *allowednodes)
{
        return 1;
}

static void zlc_mark_zone_full(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zone **z)
{
}
#endif  /* CONFIG_NUMA */

/*
 * get_page_from_freelist goes through the zonelist trying to allocate
 * a page.
 */
static struct page *
get_page_from_freelist(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
                struct zonelist *zonelist, int alloc_flags)
{
        struct zone **z;
        struct page *page = NULL;
        int classzone_idx = zone_idx(zonelist->zones[0]);
        struct zone *zone;
        nodemask_t *allowednodes = NULL;/* zonelist_cache approximation */
        int zlc_active = 0;             /* set if using zonelist_cache */
        int did_zlc_setup = 0;          /* just call zlc_setup() one time */

zonelist_scan:
        /*
         * Scan zonelist, looking for a zone with enough free.
         * See also cpuset_zone_allowed() comment in kernel/cpuset.c.
         */
        z = zonelist->zones;

        do {
                if (NUMA_BUILD && zlc_active &&
                        !zlc_zone_worth_trying(zonelist, z, allowednodes))
                                continue;
                zone = *z;
                if (unlikely(NUMA_BUILD && (gfp_mask & __GFP_THISNODE) &&
                        zone->zone_pgdat != zonelist->zones[0]->zone_pgdat))
                                break;
                if ((alloc_flags & ALLOC_CPUSET) &&
                        !cpuset_zone_allowed(zone, gfp_mask))
                                goto try_next_zone;

                if (!(alloc_flags & ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS)) {
                        unsigned long mark;
                        if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_WMARK_MIN)
                                mark = zone->pages_min;
                        else if (alloc_flags & ALLOC_WMARK_LOW)
                                mark = zone->pages_low;
                        else
                                mark = zone->pages_high;
                        if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, order, mark,
                                    classzone_idx, alloc_flags)) {
                                if (!zone_reclaim_mode ||
                                    !zone_reclaim(zone, gfp_mask, order))
                                        goto this_zone_full;
                        }
                }

                page = buffered_rmqueue(zonelist, zone, order, gfp_mask);
                if (page)
                        break;
this_zone_full:
                if (NUMA_BUILD)
                        zlc_mark_zone_full(zonelist, z);
try_next_zone:
                if (NUMA_BUILD && !did_zlc_setup) {
                        /* we do zlc_setup after the first zone is tried */
                        allowednodes = zlc_setup(zonelist, alloc_flags);
                        zlc_active = 1;
                        did_zlc_setup = 1;
                }
        } while (*(++z) != NULL);

        if (unlikely(NUMA_BUILD && page == NULL && zlc_active)) {
                /* Disable zlc cache for second zonelist scan */
                zlc_active = 0;
                goto zonelist_scan;
        }
        return page;
}

/*
 * This is the 'heart' of the zoned buddy allocator.
 */
struct page * fastcall
__alloc_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order,
                struct zonelist *zonelist)
{
        const gfp_t wait = gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT;
        struct zone **z;
        struct page *page;
        struct reclaim_state reclaim_state;
        struct task_struct *p = current;
        int do_retry;
        int alloc_flags;
        int did_some_progress;

        might_sleep_if(wait);

restart:
        z = zonelist->zones;  /* the list of zones suitable for gfp_mask */

        if (unlikely(*z == NULL)) {
                /* Should this ever happen?? */
                return NULL;
        }

        page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask|__GFP_HARDWALL, order,
                                zonelist, ALLOC_WMARK_LOW|ALLOC_CPUSET);
        if (page)
                goto got_pg;

        for (z = zonelist->zones; *z; z++)
                wakeup_kswapd(*z, order);

        /*
         * OK, we're below the kswapd watermark and have kicked background
         * reclaim. Now things get more complex, so set up alloc_flags according
         * to how we want to proceed.
         *
         * The caller may dip into page reserves a bit more if the caller
         * cannot run direct reclaim, or if the caller has realtime scheduling
         * policy or is asking for __GFP_HIGH memory.  GFP_ATOMIC requests will
         * set both ALLOC_HARDER (!wait) and ALLOC_HIGH (__GFP_HIGH).
         */
        alloc_flags = ALLOC_WMARK_MIN;
        if ((unlikely(rt_task(p)) && !in_interrupt()) || !wait)
                alloc_flags |= ALLOC_HARDER;
        if (gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGH)
                alloc_flags |= ALLOC_HIGH;
        if (wait)
                alloc_flags |= ALLOC_CPUSET;

        /*
         * Go through the zonelist again. Let __GFP_HIGH and allocations
         * coming from realtime tasks go deeper into reserves.
         *
         * This is the last chance, in general, before the goto nopage.
         * Ignore cpuset if GFP_ATOMIC (!wait) rather than fail alloc.
         * See also cpuset_zone_allowed() comment in kernel/cpuset.c.
         */
        page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, order, zonelist, alloc_flags);
        if (page)
                goto got_pg;

        /* This allocation should allow future memory freeing. */

rebalance:
        if (((p->flags & PF_MEMALLOC) || unlikely(test_thread_flag(TIF_MEMDIE)))
                        && !in_interrupt()) {
                if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOMEMALLOC)) {
nofail_alloc:
                        /* go through the zonelist yet again, ignoring mins */
                        page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, order,
                                zonelist, ALLOC_NO_WATERMARKS);
                        if (page)
                                goto got_pg;
                        if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL) {
                                congestion_wait(WRITE, HZ/50);
                                goto nofail_alloc;
                        }
                }
                goto nopage;
        }

        /* Atomic allocations - we can't balance anything */
        if (!wait)
                goto nopage;

        cond_resched();

        /* We now go into synchronous reclaim */
        cpuset_memory_pressure_bump();
        p->flags |= PF_MEMALLOC;
        reclaim_state.reclaimed_slab = 0;
        p->reclaim_state = &reclaim_state;

        did_some_progress = try_to_free_pages(zonelist->zones, gfp_mask);

        p->reclaim_state = NULL;
        p->flags &= ~PF_MEMALLOC;

        cond_resched();

        if (likely(did_some_progress)) {
                page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask, order,
                                                zonelist, alloc_flags);
                if (page)
                        goto got_pg;
        } else if ((gfp_mask & __GFP_FS) && !(gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY)) {
                /*
                 * Go through the zonelist yet one more time, keep
                 * very high watermark here, this is only to catch
                 * a parallel oom killing, we must fail if we're still
                 * under heavy pressure.
                 */
                page = get_page_from_freelist(gfp_mask|__GFP_HARDWALL, order,
                                zonelist, ALLOC_WMARK_HIGH|ALLOC_CPUSET);
                if (page)
                        goto got_pg;

                out_of_memory(zonelist, gfp_mask, order);
                goto restart;
        }

        /*
         * Don't let big-order allocations loop unless the caller explicitly
         * requests that.  Wait for some write requests to complete then retry.
         *
         * In this implementation, __GFP_REPEAT means __GFP_NOFAIL for order
         * <= 3, but that may not be true in other implementations.
         */
        do_retry = 0;
        if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NORETRY)) {
                if ((order <= 3) || (gfp_mask & __GFP_REPEAT))
                        do_retry = 1;
                if (gfp_mask & __GFP_NOFAIL)
                        do_retry = 1;
        }
        if (do_retry) {
                congestion_wait(WRITE, HZ/50);
                goto rebalance;
        }

nopage:
        if (!(gfp_mask & __GFP_NOWARN) && printk_ratelimit()) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: page allocation failure."
                        " order:%d, mode:0x%x\n",
                        p->comm, order, gfp_mask);
                dump_stack();
                show_mem();
        }
got_pg:
        return page;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__alloc_pages);

/*
 * Common helper functions.
 */
fastcall unsigned long __get_free_pages(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order)
{
        struct page * page;
        page = alloc_pages(gfp_mask, order);
        if (!page)
                return 0;
        return (unsigned long) page_address(page);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__get_free_pages);

fastcall unsigned long get_zeroed_page(gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
        struct page * page;

        /*
         * get_zeroed_page() returns a 32-bit address, which cannot represent
         * a highmem page
         */
        VM_BUG_ON((gfp_mask & __GFP_HIGHMEM) != 0);

        page = alloc_pages(gfp_mask | __GFP_ZERO, 0);
        if (page)
                return (unsigned long) page_address(page);
        return 0;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_zeroed_page);

void __pagevec_free(struct pagevec *pvec)
{
        int i = pagevec_count(pvec);

        while (--i >= 0)
                free_hot_cold_page(pvec->pages[i], pvec->cold);
}

fastcall void __free_pages(struct page *page, unsigned int order)
{
        if (put_page_testzero(page)) {
                if (order == 0)
                        free_hot_page(page);
                else
                        __free_pages_ok(page, order);
        }
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(__free_pages);

fastcall void free_pages(unsigned long addr, unsigned int order)
{
        if (addr != 0) {
                VM_BUG_ON(!virt_addr_valid((void *)addr));
                __free_pages(virt_to_page((void *)addr), order);
        }
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(free_pages);

/*
 * Total amount of free (allocatable) RAM:
 */
unsigned int nr_free_pages(void)
{
        unsigned int sum = 0;
        struct zone *zone;

        for_each_zone(zone)
                sum += zone->free_pages;

        return sum;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(nr_free_pages);

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
unsigned int nr_free_pages_pgdat(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
        unsigned int sum = 0;
        enum zone_type i;

        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
                sum += pgdat->node_zones[i].free_pages;

        return sum;
}
#endif

static unsigned int nr_free_zone_pages(int offset)
{
        /* Just pick one node, since fallback list is circular */
        pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(numa_node_id());
        unsigned int sum = 0;

        struct zonelist *zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + offset;
        struct zone **zonep = zonelist->zones;
        struct zone *zone;

        for (zone = *zonep++; zone; zone = *zonep++) {
                unsigned long size = zone->present_pages;
                unsigned long high = zone->pages_high;
                if (size > high)
                        sum += size - high;
        }

        return sum;
}

/*
 * Amount of free RAM allocatable within ZONE_DMA and ZONE_NORMAL
 */
unsigned int nr_free_buffer_pages(void)
{
        return nr_free_zone_pages(gfp_zone(GFP_USER));
}

/*
 * Amount of free RAM allocatable within all zones
 */
unsigned int nr_free_pagecache_pages(void)
{
        return nr_free_zone_pages(gfp_zone(GFP_HIGHUSER));
}

static inline void show_node(struct zone *zone)
{
        if (NUMA_BUILD)
                printk("Node %ld ", zone_to_nid(zone));
}

void si_meminfo(struct sysinfo *val)
{
        val->totalram = totalram_pages;
        val->sharedram = 0;
        val->freeram = nr_free_pages();
        val->bufferram = nr_blockdev_pages();
        val->totalhigh = totalhigh_pages;
        val->freehigh = nr_free_highpages();
        val->mem_unit = PAGE_SIZE;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(si_meminfo);

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
void si_meminfo_node(struct sysinfo *val, int nid)
{
        pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);

        val->totalram = pgdat->node_present_pages;
        val->freeram = nr_free_pages_pgdat(pgdat);
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
        val->totalhigh = pgdat->node_zones[ZONE_HIGHMEM].present_pages;
        val->freehigh = pgdat->node_zones[ZONE_HIGHMEM].free_pages;
#else
        val->totalhigh = 0;
        val->freehigh = 0;
#endif
        val->mem_unit = PAGE_SIZE;
}
#endif

#define K(x) ((x) << (PAGE_SHIFT-10))

/*
 * Show free area list (used inside shift_scroll-lock stuff)
 * We also calculate the percentage fragmentation. We do this by counting the
 * memory on each free list with the exception of the first item on the list.
 */
void show_free_areas(void)
{
        int cpu;
        unsigned long active;
        unsigned long inactive;
        unsigned long free;
        struct zone *zone;

        for_each_zone(zone) {
                if (!populated_zone(zone))
                        continue;

                show_node(zone);
                printk("%s per-cpu:\n", zone->name);

                for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
                        struct per_cpu_pageset *pageset;

                        pageset = zone_pcp(zone, cpu);

                        printk("CPU %4d: Hot: hi:%5d, btch:%4d usd:%4d   "
                               "Cold: hi:%5d, btch:%4d usd:%4d\n",
                               cpu, pageset->pcp[0].high,
                               pageset->pcp[0].batch, pageset->pcp[0].count,
                               pageset->pcp[1].high, pageset->pcp[1].batch,
                               pageset->pcp[1].count);
                }
        }

        get_zone_counts(&active, &inactive, &free);

        printk("Active:%lu inactive:%lu dirty:%lu writeback:%lu "
                "unstable:%lu free:%u slab:%lu mapped:%lu pagetables:%lu\n",
                active,
                inactive,
                global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY),
                global_page_state(NR_WRITEBACK),
                global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS),
                nr_free_pages(),
                global_page_state(NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE) +
                        global_page_state(NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE),
                global_page_state(NR_FILE_MAPPED),
                global_page_state(NR_PAGETABLE));

        for_each_zone(zone) {
                int i;

                if (!populated_zone(zone))
                        continue;

                show_node(zone);
                printk("%s"
                        " free:%lukB"
                        " min:%lukB"
                        " low:%lukB"
                        " high:%lukB"
                        " active:%lukB"
                        " inactive:%lukB"
                        " present:%lukB"
                        " pages_scanned:%lu"
                        " all_unreclaimable? %s"
                        "\n",
                        zone->name,
                        K(zone->free_pages),
                        K(zone->pages_min),
                        K(zone->pages_low),
                        K(zone->pages_high),
                        K(zone->nr_active),
                        K(zone->nr_inactive),
                        K(zone->present_pages),
                        zone->pages_scanned,
                        (zone->all_unreclaimable ? "yes" : "no")
                        );
                printk("lowmem_reserve[]:");
                for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
                        printk(" %lu", zone->lowmem_reserve[i]);
                printk("\n");
        }

        for_each_zone(zone) {
                unsigned long nr[MAX_ORDER], flags, order, total = 0;

                if (!populated_zone(zone))
                        continue;

                show_node(zone);
                printk("%s: ", zone->name);

                spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
                for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++) {
                        nr[order] = zone->free_area[order].nr_free;
                        total += nr[order] << order;
                }
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
                for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; order++)
                        printk("%lu*%lukB ", nr[order], K(1UL) << order);
                printk("= %lukB\n", K(total));
        }

        show_swap_cache_info();
}

/*
 * Builds allocation fallback zone lists.
 *
 * Add all populated zones of a node to the zonelist.
 */
static int __meminit build_zonelists_node(pg_data_t *pgdat,
                        struct zonelist *zonelist, int nr_zones, enum zone_type zone_type)
{
        struct zone *zone;

        BUG_ON(zone_type >= MAX_NR_ZONES);
        zone_type++;

        do {
                zone_type--;
                zone = pgdat->node_zones + zone_type;
                if (populated_zone(zone)) {
                        zonelist->zones[nr_zones++] = zone;
                        check_highest_zone(zone_type);
                }

        } while (zone_type);
        return nr_zones;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
#define MAX_NODE_LOAD (num_online_nodes())
static int __meminitdata node_load[MAX_NUMNODES];
/**
 * find_next_best_node - find the next node that should appear in a given node's fallback list
 * @node: node whose fallback list we're appending
 * @used_node_mask: nodemask_t of already used nodes
 *
 * We use a number of factors to determine which is the next node that should
 * appear on a given node's fallback list.  The node should not have appeared
 * already in @node's fallback list, and it should be the next closest node
 * according to the distance array (which contains arbitrary distance values
 * from each node to each node in the system), and should also prefer nodes
 * with no CPUs, since presumably they'll have very little allocation pressure
 * on them otherwise.
 * It returns -1 if no node is found.
 */
static int __meminit find_next_best_node(int node, nodemask_t *used_node_mask)
{
        int n, val;
        int min_val = INT_MAX;
        int best_node = -1;

        /* Use the local node if we haven't already */
        if (!node_isset(node, *used_node_mask)) {
                node_set(node, *used_node_mask);
                return node;
        }

        for_each_online_node(n) {
                cpumask_t tmp;

                /* Don't want a node to appear more than once */
                if (node_isset(n, *used_node_mask))
                        continue;

                /* Use the distance array to find the distance */
                val = node_distance(node, n);

                /* Penalize nodes under us ("prefer the next node") */
                val += (n < node);

                /* Give preference to headless and unused nodes */
                tmp = node_to_cpumask(n);
                if (!cpus_empty(tmp))
                        val += PENALTY_FOR_NODE_WITH_CPUS;

                /* Slight preference for less loaded node */
                val *= (MAX_NODE_LOAD*MAX_NUMNODES);
                val += node_load[n];

                if (val < min_val) {
                        min_val = val;
                        best_node = n;
                }
        }

        if (best_node >= 0)
                node_set(best_node, *used_node_mask);

        return best_node;
}

static void __meminit build_zonelists(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
        int j, node, local_node;
        enum zone_type i;
        int prev_node, load;
        struct zonelist *zonelist;
        nodemask_t used_mask;

        /* initialize zonelists */
        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
                zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;
                zonelist->zones[0] = NULL;
        }

        /* NUMA-aware ordering of nodes */
        local_node = pgdat->node_id;
        load = num_online_nodes();
        prev_node = local_node;
        nodes_clear(used_mask);
        while ((node = find_next_best_node(local_node, &used_mask)) >= 0) {
                int distance = node_distance(local_node, node);

                /*
                 * If another node is sufficiently far away then it is better
                 * to reclaim pages in a zone before going off node.
                 */
                if (distance > RECLAIM_DISTANCE)
                        zone_reclaim_mode = 1;

                /*
                 * We don't want to pressure a particular node.
                 * So adding penalty to the first node in same
                 * distance group to make it round-robin.
                 */

                if (distance != node_distance(local_node, prev_node))
                        node_load[node] += load;
                prev_node = node;
                load--;
                for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
                        zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;
                        for (j = 0; zonelist->zones[j] != NULL; j++);

                        j = build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node), zonelist, j, i);
                        zonelist->zones[j] = NULL;
                }
        }
}

/* Construct the zonelist performance cache - see further mmzone.h */
static void __meminit build_zonelist_cache(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
                struct zonelist *zonelist;
                struct zonelist_cache *zlc;
                struct zone **z;

                zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;
                zonelist->zlcache_ptr = zlc = &zonelist->zlcache;
                bitmap_zero(zlc->fullzones, MAX_ZONES_PER_ZONELIST);
                for (z = zonelist->zones; *z; z++)
                        zlc->z_to_n[z - zonelist->zones] = zone_to_nid(*z);
        }
}

#else   /* CONFIG_NUMA */

static void __meminit build_zonelists(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
        int node, local_node;
        enum zone_type i,j;

        local_node = pgdat->node_id;
        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
                struct zonelist *zonelist;

                zonelist = pgdat->node_zonelists + i;

                j = build_zonelists_node(pgdat, zonelist, 0, i);
                /*
                 * Now we build the zonelist so that it contains the zones
                 * of all the other nodes.
                 * We don't want to pressure a particular node, so when
                 * building the zones for node N, we make sure that the
                 * zones coming right after the local ones are those from
                 * node N+1 (modulo N)
                 */
                for (node = local_node + 1; node < MAX_NUMNODES; node++) {
                        if (!node_online(node))
                                continue;
                        j = build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node), zonelist, j, i);
                }
                for (node = 0; node < local_node; node++) {
                        if (!node_online(node))
                                continue;
                        j = build_zonelists_node(NODE_DATA(node), zonelist, j, i);
                }

                zonelist->zones[j] = NULL;
        }
}

/* non-NUMA variant of zonelist performance cache - just NULL zlcache_ptr */
static void __meminit build_zonelist_cache(pg_data_t *pgdat)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
                pgdat->node_zonelists[i].zlcache_ptr = NULL;
}

#endif  /* CONFIG_NUMA */

/* return values int ....just for stop_machine_run() */
static int __meminit __build_all_zonelists(void *dummy)
{
        int nid;

        for_each_online_node(nid) {
                build_zonelists(NODE_DATA(nid));
                build_zonelist_cache(NODE_DATA(nid));
        }
        return 0;
}

void __meminit build_all_zonelists(void)
{
        if (system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
                __build_all_zonelists(NULL);
                cpuset_init_current_mems_allowed();
        } else {
                /* we have to stop all cpus to guaranntee there is no user
                   of zonelist */
                stop_machine_run(__build_all_zonelists, NULL, NR_CPUS);
                /* cpuset refresh routine should be here */
        }
        vm_total_pages = nr_free_pagecache_pages();
        printk("Built %i zonelists.  Total pages: %ld\n",
                        num_online_nodes(), vm_total_pages);
}

/*
 * Helper functions to size the waitqueue hash table.
 * Essentially these want to choose hash table sizes sufficiently
 * large so that collisions trying to wait on pages are rare.
 * But in fact, the number of active page waitqueues on typical
 * systems is ridiculously low, less than 200. So this is even
 * conservative, even though it seems large.
 *
 * The constant PAGES_PER_WAITQUEUE specifies the ratio of pages to
 * waitqueues, i.e. the size of the waitq table given the number of pages.
 */
#define PAGES_PER_WAITQUEUE     256

#ifndef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
static inline unsigned long wait_table_hash_nr_entries(unsigned long pages)
{
        unsigned long size = 1;

        pages /= PAGES_PER_WAITQUEUE;

        while (size < pages)
                size <<= 1;

        /*
         * Once we have dozens or even hundreds of threads sleeping
         * on IO we've got bigger problems than wait queue collision.
         * Limit the size of the wait table to a reasonable size.
         */
        size = min(size, 4096UL);

        return max(size, 4UL);
}
#else
/*
 * A zone's size might be changed by hot-add, so it is not possible to determine
 * a suitable size for its wait_table.  So we use the maximum size now.
 *
 * The max wait table size = 4096 x sizeof(wait_queue_head_t).   ie:
 *
 *    i386 (preemption config)    : 4096 x 16 = 64Kbyte.
 *    ia64, x86-64 (no preemption): 4096 x 20 = 80Kbyte.
 *    ia64, x86-64 (preemption)   : 4096 x 24 = 96Kbyte.
 *
 * The maximum entries are prepared when a zone's memory is (512K + 256) pages
 * or more by the traditional way. (See above).  It equals:
 *
 *    i386, x86-64, powerpc(4K page size) : =  ( 2G + 1M)byte.
 *    ia64(16K page size)                 : =  ( 8G + 4M)byte.
 *    powerpc (64K page size)             : =  (32G +16M)byte.
 */
static inline unsigned long wait_table_hash_nr_entries(unsigned long pages)
{
        return 4096UL;
}
#endif

/*
 * This is an integer logarithm so that shifts can be used later
 * to extract the more random high bits from the multiplicative
 * hash function before the remainder is taken.
 */
static inline unsigned long wait_table_bits(unsigned long size)
{
        return ffz(~size);
}

#define LONG_ALIGN(x) (((x)+(sizeof(long))-1)&~((sizeof(long))-1))

/*
 * Initially all pages are reserved - free ones are freed
 * up by free_all_bootmem() once the early boot process is
 * done. Non-atomic initialization, single-pass.
 */
void __meminit memmap_init_zone(unsigned long size, int nid, unsigned long zone,
                unsigned long start_pfn)
{
        struct page *page;
        unsigned long end_pfn = start_pfn + size;
        unsigned long pfn;

        for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < end_pfn; pfn++) {
                if (!early_pfn_valid(pfn))
                        continue;
                if (!early_pfn_in_nid(pfn, nid))
                        continue;
                page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
                set_page_links(page, zone, nid, pfn);
                init_page_count(page);
                reset_page_mapcount(page);
                SetPageReserved(page);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);
#ifdef WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL
                /* The shift won't overflow because ZONE_NORMAL is below 4G. */
                if (!is_highmem_idx(zone))
                        set_page_address(page, __va(pfn << PAGE_SHIFT));
#endif
        }
}

void zone_init_free_lists(struct pglist_data *pgdat, struct zone *zone,
                                unsigned long size)
{
        int order;
        for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER ; order++) {
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone->free_area[order].free_list);
                zone->free_area[order].nr_free = 0;
        }
}

#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_MEMMAP_INIT
#define memmap_init(size, nid, zone, start_pfn) \
        memmap_init_zone((size), (nid), (zone), (start_pfn))
#endif

static int __cpuinit zone_batchsize(struct zone *zone)
{
        int batch;

        /*
         * The per-cpu-pages pools are set to around 1000th of the
         * size of the zone.  But no more than 1/2 of a meg.
         *
         * OK, so we don't know how big the cache is.  So guess.
         */
        batch = zone->present_pages / 1024;
        if (batch * PAGE_SIZE > 512 * 1024)
                batch = (512 * 1024) / PAGE_SIZE;
        batch /= 4;             /* We effectively *= 4 below */
        if (batch < 1)
                batch = 1;

        /*
         * Clamp the batch to a 2^n - 1 value. Having a power
         * of 2 value was found to be more likely to have
         * suboptimal cache aliasing properties in some cases.
         *
         * For example if 2 tasks are alternately allocating
         * batches of pages, one task can end up with a lot
         * of pages of one half of the possible page colors
         * and the other with pages of the other colors.
         */
        batch = (1 << (fls(batch + batch/2)-1)) - 1;

        return batch;
}

inline void setup_pageset(struct per_cpu_pageset *p, unsigned long batch)
{
        struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

        memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));

        pcp = &p->pcp[0];               /* hot */
        pcp->count = 0;
        pcp->high = 6 * batch;
        pcp->batch = max(1UL, 1 * batch);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcp->list);

        pcp = &p->pcp[1];               /* cold*/
        pcp->count = 0;
        pcp->high = 2 * batch;
        pcp->batch = max(1UL, batch/2);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcp->list);
}

/*
 * setup_pagelist_highmark() sets the high water mark for hot per_cpu_pagelist
 * to the value high for the pageset p.
 */

static void setup_pagelist_highmark(struct per_cpu_pageset *p,
                                unsigned long high)
{
        struct per_cpu_pages *pcp;

        pcp = &p->pcp[0]; /* hot list */
        pcp->high = high;
        pcp->batch = max(1UL, high/4);
        if ((high/4) > (PAGE_SHIFT * 8))
                pcp->batch = PAGE_SHIFT * 8;
}


#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/*
 * Boot pageset table. One per cpu which is going to be used for all
 * zones and all nodes. The parameters will be set in such a way
 * that an item put on a list will immediately be handed over to
 * the buddy list. This is safe since pageset manipulation is done
 * with interrupts disabled.
 *
 * Some NUMA counter updates may also be caught by the boot pagesets.
 *
 * The boot_pagesets must be kept even after bootup is complete for
 * unused processors and/or zones. They do play a role for bootstrapping
 * hotplugged processors.
 *
 * zoneinfo_show() and maybe other functions do
 * not check if the processor is online before following the pageset pointer.
 * Other parts of the kernel may not check if the zone is available.
 */
static struct per_cpu_pageset boot_pageset[NR_CPUS];

/*
 * Dynamically allocate memory for the
 * per cpu pageset array in struct zone.
 */
static int __cpuinit process_zones(int cpu)
{
        struct zone *zone, *dzone;

        for_each_zone(zone) {

                if (!populated_zone(zone))
                        continue;

                zone_pcp(zone, cpu) = kmalloc_node(sizeof(struct per_cpu_pageset),
                                         GFP_KERNEL, cpu_to_node(cpu));
                if (!zone_pcp(zone, cpu))
                        goto bad;

                setup_pageset(zone_pcp(zone, cpu), zone_batchsize(zone));

                if (percpu_pagelist_fraction)
                        setup_pagelist_highmark(zone_pcp(zone, cpu),
                                (zone->present_pages / percpu_pagelist_fraction));
        }

        return 0;
bad:
        for_each_zone(dzone) {
                if (dzone == zone)
                        break;
                kfree(zone_pcp(dzone, cpu));
                zone_pcp(dzone, cpu) = NULL;
        }
        return -ENOMEM;
}

static inline void free_zone_pagesets(int cpu)
{
        struct zone *zone;

        for_each_zone(zone) {
                struct per_cpu_pageset *pset = zone_pcp(zone, cpu);

                /* Free per_cpu_pageset if it is slab allocated */
                if (pset != &boot_pageset[cpu])
                        kfree(pset);
                zone_pcp(zone, cpu) = NULL;
        }
}

static int __cpuinit pageset_cpuup_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
                unsigned long action,
                void *hcpu)
{
        int cpu = (long)hcpu;
        int ret = NOTIFY_OK;

        switch (action) {
                case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
                        if (process_zones(cpu))
                                ret = NOTIFY_BAD;
                        break;
                case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
                case CPU_DEAD:
                        free_zone_pagesets(cpu);
                        break;
                default:
                        break;
        }
        return ret;
}

static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata pageset_notifier =
        { &pageset_cpuup_callback, NULL, 0 };

void __init setup_per_cpu_pageset(void)
{
        int err;

        /* Initialize per_cpu_pageset for cpu 0.
         * A cpuup callback will do this for every cpu
         * as it comes online
         */
        err = process_zones(smp_processor_id());
        BUG_ON(err);
        register_cpu_notifier(&pageset_notifier);
}

#endif

static __meminit
int zone_wait_table_init(struct zone *zone, unsigned long zone_size_pages)
{
        int i;
        struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
        size_t alloc_size;

        /*
         * The per-page waitqueue mechanism uses hashed waitqueues
         * per zone.
         */
        zone->wait_table_hash_nr_entries =
                 wait_table_hash_nr_entries(zone_size_pages);
        zone->wait_table_bits =
                wait_table_bits(zone->wait_table_hash_nr_entries);
        alloc_size = zone->wait_table_hash_nr_entries
                                        * sizeof(wait_queue_head_t);

        if (system_state == SYSTEM_BOOTING) {
                zone->wait_table = (wait_queue_head_t *)
                        alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat, alloc_size);
        } else {
                /*
                 * This case means that a zone whose size was 0 gets new memory
                 * via memory hot-add.
                 * But it may be the case that a new node was hot-added.  In
                 * this case vmalloc() will not be able to use this new node's
                 * memory - this wait_table must be initialized to use this new
                 * node itself as well.
                 * To use this new node's memory, further consideration will be
                 * necessary.
                 */
                zone->wait_table = (wait_queue_head_t *)vmalloc(alloc_size);
        }
        if (!zone->wait_table)
                return -ENOMEM;

        for(i = 0; i < zone->wait_table_hash_nr_entries; ++i)
                init_waitqueue_head(zone->wait_table + i);

        return 0;
}

static __meminit void zone_pcp_init(struct zone *zone)
{
        int cpu;
        unsigned long batch = zone_batchsize(zone);

        for (cpu = 0; cpu < NR_CPUS; cpu++) {
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
                /* Early boot. Slab allocator not functional yet */
                zone_pcp(zone, cpu) = &boot_pageset[cpu];
                setup_pageset(&boot_pageset[cpu],0);
#else
                setup_pageset(zone_pcp(zone,cpu), batch);
#endif
        }
        if (zone->present_pages)
                printk(KERN_DEBUG "  %s zone: %lu pages, LIFO batch:%lu\n",
                        zone->name, zone->present_pages, batch);
}

__meminit int init_currently_empty_zone(struct zone *zone,
                                        unsigned long zone_start_pfn,
                                        unsigned long size)
{
        struct pglist_data *pgdat = zone->zone_pgdat;
        int ret;
        ret = zone_wait_table_init(zone, size);
        if (ret)
                return ret;
        pgdat->nr_zones = zone_idx(zone) + 1;

        zone->zone_start_pfn = zone_start_pfn;

        memmap_init(size, pgdat->node_id, zone_idx(zone), zone_start_pfn);

        zone_init_free_lists(pgdat, zone, zone->spanned_pages);

        return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP
/*
 * Basic iterator support. Return the first range of PFNs for a node
 * Note: nid == MAX_NUMNODES returns first region regardless of node
 */
static int __init first_active_region_index_in_nid(int nid)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < nr_nodemap_entries; i++)
                if (nid == MAX_NUMNODES || early_node_map[i].nid == nid)
                        return i;

        return -1;
}

/*
 * Basic iterator support. Return the next active range of PFNs for a node
 * Note: nid == MAX_NUMNODES returns next region regardles of node
 */
static int __init next_active_region_index_in_nid(int index, int nid)
{
        for (index = index + 1; index < nr_nodemap_entries; index++)
                if (nid == MAX_NUMNODES || early_node_map[index].nid == nid)
                        return index;

        return -1;
}

#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID
/*
 * Required by SPARSEMEM. Given a PFN, return what node the PFN is on.
 * Architectures may implement their own version but if add_active_range()
 * was used and there are no special requirements, this is a convenient
 * alternative
 */
int __init early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < nr_nodemap_entries; i++) {
                unsigned long start_pfn = early_node_map[i].start_pfn;
                unsigned long end_pfn = early_node_map[i].end_pfn;

                if (start_pfn <= pfn && pfn < end_pfn)
                        return early_node_map[i].nid;
        }

        return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID */

/* Basic iterator support to walk early_node_map[] */
#define for_each_active_range_index_in_nid(i, nid) \
        for (i = first_active_region_index_in_nid(nid); i != -1; \
                                i = next_active_region_index_in_nid(i, nid))

/**
 * free_bootmem_with_active_regions - Call free_bootmem_node for each active range
 * @nid: The node to free memory on. If MAX_NUMNODES, all nodes are freed.
 * @max_low_pfn: The highest PFN that will be passed to free_bootmem_node
 *
 * If an architecture guarantees that all ranges registered with
 * add_active_ranges() contain no holes and may be freed, this
 * this function may be used instead of calling free_bootmem() manually.
 */
void __init free_bootmem_with_active_regions(int nid,
                                                unsigned long max_low_pfn)
{
        int i;

        for_each_active_range_index_in_nid(i, nid) {
                unsigned long size_pages = 0;
                unsigned long end_pfn = early_node_map[i].end_pfn;

                if (early_node_map[i].start_pfn >= max_low_pfn)
                        continue;

                if (end_pfn > max_low_pfn)
                        end_pfn = max_low_pfn;

                size_pages = end_pfn - early_node_map[i].start_pfn;
                free_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(early_node_map[i].nid),
                                PFN_PHYS(early_node_map[i].start_pfn),
                                size_pages << PAGE_SHIFT);
        }
}

/**
 * sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions - Call memory_present for each active range
 * @nid: The node to call memory_present for. If MAX_NUMNODES, all nodes will be used.
 *
 * If an architecture guarantees that all ranges registered with
 * add_active_ranges() contain no holes and may be freed, this
 * function may be used instead of calling memory_present() manually.
 */
void __init sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions(int nid)
{
        int i;

        for_each_active_range_index_in_nid(i, nid)
                memory_present(early_node_map[i].nid,
                                early_node_map[i].start_pfn,
                                early_node_map[i].end_pfn);
}

/**
 * push_node_boundaries - Push node boundaries to at least the requested boundary
 * @nid: The nid of the node to push the boundary for
 * @start_pfn: The start pfn of the node
 * @end_pfn: The end pfn of the node
 *
 * In reserve-based hot-add, mem_map is allocated that is unused until hotadd
 * time. Specifically, on x86_64, SRAT will report ranges that can potentially
 * be hotplugged even though no physical memory exists. This function allows
 * an arch to push out the node boundaries so mem_map is allocated that can
 * be used later.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE
void __init push_node_boundaries(unsigned int nid,
                unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn)
{
        printk(KERN_DEBUG "Entering push_node_boundaries(%u, %lu, %lu)\n",
                        nid, start_pfn, end_pfn);

        /* Initialise the boundary for this node if necessary */
        if (node_boundary_end_pfn[nid] == 0)
                node_boundary_start_pfn[nid] = -1UL;

        /* Update the boundaries */
        if (node_boundary_start_pfn[nid] > start_pfn)
                node_boundary_start_pfn[nid] = start_pfn;
        if (node_boundary_end_pfn[nid] < end_pfn)
                node_boundary_end_pfn[nid] = end_pfn;
}

/* If necessary, push the node boundary out for reserve hotadd */
static void __init account_node_boundary(unsigned int nid,
                unsigned long *start_pfn, unsigned long *end_pfn)
{
        printk(KERN_DEBUG "Entering account_node_boundary(%u, %lu, %lu)\n",
                        nid, *start_pfn, *end_pfn);

        /* Return if boundary information has not been provided */
        if (node_boundary_end_pfn[nid] == 0)
                return;

        /* Check the boundaries and update if necessary */
        if (node_boundary_start_pfn[nid] < *start_pfn)
                *start_pfn = node_boundary_start_pfn[nid];
        if (node_boundary_end_pfn[nid] > *end_pfn)
                *end_pfn = node_boundary_end_pfn[nid];
}
#else
void __init push_node_boundaries(unsigned int nid,
                unsigned long start_pfn, unsigned long end_pfn) {}

static void __init account_node_boundary(unsigned int nid,
                unsigned long *start_pfn, unsigned long *end_pfn) {}
#endif


/**
 * get_pfn_range_for_nid - Return the start and end page frames for a node
 * @nid: The nid to return the range for. If MAX_NUMNODES, the min and max PFN are returned.
 * @start_pfn: Passed by reference. On return, it will have the node start_pfn.
 * @end_pfn: Passed by reference. On return, it will have the node end_pfn.
 *
 * It returns the start and end page frame of a node based on information
 * provided by an arch calling add_active_range(). If called for a node
 * with no available memory, a warning is printed and the start and end
 * PFNs will be 0.
 */
void __init get_pfn_range_for_nid(unsigned int nid,
                        unsigned long *start_pfn, unsigned long *end_pfn)
{
        int i;
        *start_pfn = -1UL;
        *end_pfn = 0;

        for_each_active_range_index_in_nid(i, nid) {
                *start_pfn = min(*start_pfn, early_node_map[i].start_pfn);
                *end_pfn = max(*end_pfn, early_node_map[i].end_pfn);
        }

        if (*start_pfn == -1UL) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING "Node %u active with no memory\n", nid);
                *start_pfn = 0;
        }

        /* Push the node boundaries out if requested */
        account_node_boundary(nid, start_pfn, end_pfn);
}

/*
 * Return the number of pages a zone spans in a node, including holes
 * present_pages = zone_spanned_pages_in_node() - zone_absent_pages_in_node()
 */
unsigned long __init zone_spanned_pages_in_node(int nid,
                                        unsigned long zone_type,
                                        unsigned long *ignored)
{
        unsigned long node_start_pfn, node_end_pfn;
        unsigned long zone_start_pfn, zone_end_pfn;

        /* Get the start and end of the node and zone */
        get_pfn_range_for_nid(nid, &node_start_pfn, &node_end_pfn);
        zone_start_pfn = arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[zone_type];
        zone_end_pfn = arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[zone_type];

        /* Check that this node has pages within the zone's required range */
        if (zone_end_pfn < node_start_pfn || zone_start_pfn > node_end_pfn)
                return 0;

        /* Move the zone boundaries inside the node if necessary */
        zone_end_pfn = min(zone_end_pfn, node_end_pfn);
        zone_start_pfn = max(zone_start_pfn, node_start_pfn);

        /* Return the spanned pages */
        return zone_end_pfn - zone_start_pfn;
}

/*
 * Return the number of holes in a range on a node. If nid is MAX_NUMNODES,
 * then all holes in the requested range will be accounted for.
 */
unsigned long __init __absent_pages_in_range(int nid,
                                unsigned long range_start_pfn,
                                unsigned long range_end_pfn)
{
        int i = 0;
        unsigned long prev_end_pfn = 0, hole_pages = 0;
        unsigned long start_pfn;

        /* Find the end_pfn of the first active range of pfns in the node */
        i = first_active_region_index_in_nid(nid);
        if (i == -1)
                return 0;

        /* Account for ranges before physical memory on this node */
        if (early_node_map[i].start_pfn > range_start_pfn)
                hole_pages = early_node_map[i].start_pfn - range_start_pfn;

        prev_end_pfn = early_node_map[i].start_pfn;

        /* Find all holes for the zone within the node */
        for (; i != -1; i = next_active_region_index_in_nid(i, nid)) {

                /* No need to continue if prev_end_pfn is outside the zone */
                if (prev_end_pfn >= range_end_pfn)
                        break;

                /* Make sure the end of the zone is not within the hole */
                start_pfn = min(early_node_map[i].start_pfn, range_end_pfn);
                prev_end_pfn = max(prev_end_pfn, range_start_pfn);

                /* Update the hole size cound and move on */
                if (start_pfn > range_start_pfn) {
                        BUG_ON(prev_end_pfn > start_pfn);
                        hole_pages += start_pfn - prev_end_pfn;
                }
                prev_end_pfn = early_node_map[i].end_pfn;
        }

        /* Account for ranges past physical memory on this node */
        if (range_end_pfn > prev_end_pfn)
                hole_pages += range_end_pfn -
                                max(range_start_pfn, prev_end_pfn);

        return hole_pages;
}

/**
 * absent_pages_in_range - Return number of page frames in holes within a range
 * @start_pfn: The start PFN to start searching for holes
 * @end_pfn: The end PFN to stop searching for holes
 *
 * It returns the number of pages frames in memory holes within a range.
 */
unsigned long __init absent_pages_in_range(unsigned long start_pfn,
                                                        unsigned long end_pfn)
{
        return __absent_pages_in_range(MAX_NUMNODES, start_pfn, end_pfn);
}

/* Return the number of page frames in holes in a zone on a node */
unsigned long __init zone_absent_pages_in_node(int nid,
                                        unsigned long zone_type,
                                        unsigned long *ignored)
{
        unsigned long node_start_pfn, node_end_pfn;
        unsigned long zone_start_pfn, zone_end_pfn;

        get_pfn_range_for_nid(nid, &node_start_pfn, &node_end_pfn);
        zone_start_pfn = max(arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[zone_type],
                                                        node_start_pfn);
        zone_end_pfn = min(arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[zone_type],
                                                        node_end_pfn);

        return __absent_pages_in_range(nid, zone_start_pfn, zone_end_pfn);
}

#else
static inline unsigned long zone_spanned_pages_in_node(int nid,
                                        unsigned long zone_type,
                                        unsigned long *zones_size)
{
        return zones_size[zone_type];
}

static inline unsigned long zone_absent_pages_in_node(int nid,
                                                unsigned long zone_type,
                                                unsigned long *zholes_size)
{
        if (!zholes_size)
                return 0;

        return zholes_size[zone_type];
}

#endif

static void __init calculate_node_totalpages(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
                unsigned long *zones_size, unsigned long *zholes_size)
{
        unsigned long realtotalpages, totalpages = 0;
        enum zone_type i;

        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
                totalpages += zone_spanned_pages_in_node(pgdat->node_id, i,
                                                                zones_size);
        pgdat->node_spanned_pages = totalpages;

        realtotalpages = totalpages;
        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
                realtotalpages -=
                        zone_absent_pages_in_node(pgdat->node_id, i,
                                                                zholes_size);
        pgdat->node_present_pages = realtotalpages;
        printk(KERN_DEBUG "On node %d totalpages: %lu\n", pgdat->node_id,
                                                        realtotalpages);
}

/*
 * Set up the zone data structures:
 *   - mark all pages reserved
 *   - mark all memory queues empty
 *   - clear the memory bitmaps
 */
static void __meminit free_area_init_core(struct pglist_data *pgdat,
                unsigned long *zones_size, unsigned long *zholes_size)
{
        enum zone_type j;
        int nid = pgdat->node_id;
        unsigned long zone_start_pfn = pgdat->node_start_pfn;
        int ret;

        pgdat_resize_init(pgdat);
        pgdat->nr_zones = 0;
        init_waitqueue_head(&pgdat->kswapd_wait);
        pgdat->kswapd_max_order = 0;
        
        for (j = 0; j < MAX_NR_ZONES; j++) {
                struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + j;
                unsigned long size, realsize, memmap_pages;

                size = zone_spanned_pages_in_node(nid, j, zones_size);
                realsize = size - zone_absent_pages_in_node(nid, j,
                                                                zholes_size);

                /*
                 * Adjust realsize so that it accounts for how much memory
                 * is used by this zone for memmap. This affects the watermark
                 * and per-cpu initialisations
                 */
                memmap_pages = (size * sizeof(struct page)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                if (realsize >= memmap_pages) {
                        realsize -= memmap_pages;
                        printk(KERN_DEBUG
                                "  %s zone: %lu pages used for memmap\n",
                                zone_names[j], memmap_pages);
                } else
                        printk(KERN_WARNING
                                "  %s zone: %lu pages exceeds realsize %lu\n",
                                zone_names[j], memmap_pages, realsize);

                /* Account for reserved DMA pages */
                if (j == ZONE_DMA && realsize > dma_reserve) {
                        realsize -= dma_reserve;
                        printk(KERN_DEBUG "  DMA zone: %lu pages reserved\n",
                                                                dma_reserve);
                }

                if (!is_highmem_idx(j))
                        nr_kernel_pages += realsize;
                nr_all_pages += realsize;

                zone->spanned_pages = size;
                zone->present_pages = realsize;
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
                zone->node = nid;
                zone->min_unmapped_pages = (realsize*sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio)
                                                / 100;
                zone->min_slab_pages = (realsize * sysctl_min_slab_ratio) / 100;
#endif
                zone->name = zone_names[j];
                spin_lock_init(&zone->lock);
                spin_lock_init(&zone->lru_lock);
                zone_seqlock_init(zone);
                zone->zone_pgdat = pgdat;
                zone->free_pages = 0;

                zone->prev_priority = DEF_PRIORITY;

                zone_pcp_init(zone);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone->active_list);
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zone->inactive_list);
                zone->nr_scan_active = 0;
                zone->nr_scan_inactive = 0;
                zone->nr_active = 0;
                zone->nr_inactive = 0;
                zap_zone_vm_stats(zone);
                atomic_set(&zone->reclaim_in_progress, 0);
                if (!size)
                        continue;

                ret = init_currently_empty_zone(zone, zone_start_pfn, size);
                BUG_ON(ret);
                zone_start_pfn += size;
        }
}

static void __init alloc_node_mem_map(struct pglist_data *pgdat)
{
        /* Skip empty nodes */
        if (!pgdat->node_spanned_pages)
                return;

#ifdef CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP
        /* ia64 gets its own node_mem_map, before this, without bootmem */
        if (!pgdat->node_mem_map) {
                unsigned long size, start, end;
                struct page *map;

                /*
                 * The zone's endpoints aren't required to be MAX_ORDER
                 * aligned but the node_mem_map endpoints must be in order
                 * for the buddy allocator to function correctly.
                 */
                start = pgdat->node_start_pfn & ~(MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES - 1);
                end = pgdat->node_start_pfn + pgdat->node_spanned_pages;
                end = ALIGN(end, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES);
                size =  (end - start) * sizeof(struct page);
                map = alloc_remap(pgdat->node_id, size);
                if (!map)
                        map = alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat, size);
                pgdat->node_mem_map = map + (pgdat->node_start_pfn - start);
        }
#ifdef CONFIG_FLATMEM
        /*
         * With no DISCONTIG, the global mem_map is just set as node 0's
         */
        if (pgdat == NODE_DATA(0)) {
                mem_map = NODE_DATA(0)->node_mem_map;
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP
                if (page_to_pfn(mem_map) != pgdat->node_start_pfn)
                        mem_map -= pgdat->node_start_pfn;
#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP */
        }
#endif
#endif /* CONFIG_FLAT_NODE_MEM_MAP */
}

void __meminit free_area_init_node(int nid, struct pglist_data *pgdat,
                unsigned long *zones_size, unsigned long node_start_pfn,
                unsigned long *zholes_size)
{
        pgdat->node_id = nid;
        pgdat->node_start_pfn = node_start_pfn;
        calculate_node_totalpages(pgdat, zones_size, zholes_size);

        alloc_node_mem_map(pgdat);

        free_area_init_core(pgdat, zones_size, zholes_size);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP
/**
 * add_active_range - Register a range of PFNs backed by physical memory
 * @nid: The node ID the range resides on
 * @start_pfn: The start PFN of the available physical memory
 * @end_pfn: The end PFN of the available physical memory
 *
 * These ranges are stored in an early_node_map[] and later used by
 * free_area_init_nodes() to calculate zone sizes and holes. If the
 * range spans a memory hole, it is up to the architecture to ensure
 * the memory is not freed by the bootmem allocator. If possible
 * the range being registered will be merged with existing ranges.
 */
void __init add_active_range(unsigned int nid, unsigned long start_pfn,
                                                unsigned long end_pfn)
{
        int i;

        printk(KERN_DEBUG "Entering add_active_range(%d, %lu, %lu) "
                          "%d entries of %d used\n",
                          nid, start_pfn, end_pfn,
                          nr_nodemap_entries, MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS);

        /* Merge with existing active regions if possible */
        for (i = 0; i < nr_nodemap_entries; i++) {
                if (early_node_map[i].nid != nid)
                        continue;

                /* Skip if an existing region covers this new one */
                if (start_pfn >= early_node_map[i].start_pfn &&
                                end_pfn <= early_node_map[i].end_pfn)
                        return;

                /* Merge forward if suitable */
                if (start_pfn <= early_node_map[i].end_pfn &&
                                end_pfn > early_node_map[i].end_pfn) {
                        early_node_map[i].end_pfn = end_pfn;
                        return;
                }

                /* Merge backward if suitable */
                if (start_pfn < early_node_map[i].end_pfn &&
                                end_pfn >= early_node_map[i].start_pfn) {
                        early_node_map[i].start_pfn = start_pfn;
                        return;
                }
        }

        /* Check that early_node_map is large enough */
        if (i >= MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS) {
                printk(KERN_CRIT "More than %d memory regions, truncating\n",
                                                        MAX_ACTIVE_REGIONS);
                return;
        }

        early_node_map[i].nid = nid;
        early_node_map[i].start_pfn = start_pfn;
        early_node_map[i].end_pfn = end_pfn;
        nr_nodemap_entries = i + 1;
}

/**
 * shrink_active_range - Shrink an existing registered range of PFNs
 * @nid: The node id the range is on that should be shrunk
 * @old_end_pfn: The old end PFN of the range
 * @new_end_pfn: The new PFN of the range
 *
 * i386 with NUMA use alloc_remap() to store a node_mem_map on a local node.
 * The map is kept at the end physical page range that has already been
 * registered with add_active_range(). This function allows an arch to shrink
 * an existing registered range.
 */
void __init shrink_active_range(unsigned int nid, unsigned long old_end_pfn,
                                                unsigned long new_end_pfn)
{
        int i;

        /* Find the old active region end and shrink */
        for_each_active_range_index_in_nid(i, nid)
                if (early_node_map[i].end_pfn == old_end_pfn) {
                        early_node_map[i].end_pfn = new_end_pfn;
                        break;
                }
}

/**
 * remove_all_active_ranges - Remove all currently registered regions
 *
 * During discovery, it may be found that a table like SRAT is invalid
 * and an alternative discovery method must be used. This function removes
 * all currently registered regions.
 */
void __init remove_all_active_ranges(void)
{
        memset(early_node_map, 0, sizeof(early_node_map));
        nr_nodemap_entries = 0;
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE
        memset(node_boundary_start_pfn, 0, sizeof(node_boundary_start_pfn));
        memset(node_boundary_end_pfn, 0, sizeof(node_boundary_end_pfn));
#endif /* CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG_RESERVE */
}

/* Compare two active node_active_regions */
static int __init cmp_node_active_region(const void *a, const void *b)
{
        struct node_active_region *arange = (struct node_active_region *)a;
        struct node_active_region *brange = (struct node_active_region *)b;

        /* Done this way to avoid overflows */
        if (arange->start_pfn > brange->start_pfn)
                return 1;
        if (arange->start_pfn < brange->start_pfn)
                return -1;

        return 0;
}

/* sort the node_map by start_pfn */
static void __init sort_node_map(void)
{
        sort(early_node_map, (size_t)nr_nodemap_entries,
                        sizeof(struct node_active_region),
                        cmp_node_active_region, NULL);
}

/* Find the lowest pfn for a node. This depends on a sorted early_node_map */
unsigned long __init find_min_pfn_for_node(unsigned long nid)
{
        int i;

        /* Regions in the early_node_map can be in any order */
        sort_node_map();

        /* Assuming a sorted map, the first range found has the starting pfn */
        for_each_active_range_index_in_nid(i, nid)
                return early_node_map[i].start_pfn;

        printk(KERN_WARNING "Could not find start_pfn for node %lu\n", nid);
        return 0;
}

/**
 * find_min_pfn_with_active_regions - Find the minimum PFN registered
 *
 * It returns the minimum PFN based on information provided via
 * add_active_range().
 */
unsigned long __init find_min_pfn_with_active_regions(void)
{
        return find_min_pfn_for_node(MAX_NUMNODES);
}

/**
 * find_max_pfn_with_active_regions - Find the maximum PFN registered
 *
 * It returns the maximum PFN based on information provided via
 * add_active_range().
 */
unsigned long __init find_max_pfn_with_active_regions(void)
{
        int i;
        unsigned long max_pfn = 0;

        for (i = 0; i < nr_nodemap_entries; i++)
                max_pfn = max(max_pfn, early_node_map[i].end_pfn);

        return max_pfn;
}

/**
 * free_area_init_nodes - Initialise all pg_data_t and zone data
 * @max_zone_pfn: an array of max PFNs for each zone
 *
 * This will call free_area_init_node() for each active node in the system.
 * Using the page ranges provided by add_active_range(), the size of each
 * zone in each node and their holes is calculated. If the maximum PFN
 * between two adjacent zones match, it is assumed that the zone is empty.
 * For example, if arch_max_dma_pfn == arch_max_dma32_pfn, it is assumed
 * that arch_max_dma32_pfn has no pages. It is also assumed that a zone
 * starts where the previous one ended. For example, ZONE_DMA32 starts
 * at arch_max_dma_pfn.
 */
void __init free_area_init_nodes(unsigned long *max_zone_pfn)
{
        unsigned long nid;
        enum zone_type i;

        /* Record where the zone boundaries are */
        memset(arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn, 0,
                                sizeof(arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn));
        memset(arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn, 0,
                                sizeof(arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn));
        arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[0] = find_min_pfn_with_active_regions();
        arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[0] = max_zone_pfn[0];
        for (i = 1; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
                arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[i] =
                        arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[i-1];
                arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[i] =
                        max(max_zone_pfn[i], arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[i]);
        }

        /* Print out the zone ranges */
        printk("Zone PFN ranges:\n");
        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++)
                printk("  %-8s %8lu -> %8lu\n",
                                zone_names[i],
                                arch_zone_lowest_possible_pfn[i],
                                arch_zone_highest_possible_pfn[i]);

        /* Print out the early_node_map[] */
        printk("early_node_map[%d] active PFN ranges\n", nr_nodemap_entries);
        for (i = 0; i < nr_nodemap_entries; i++)
                printk("  %3d: %8lu -> %8lu\n", early_node_map[i].nid,
                                                early_node_map[i].start_pfn,
                                                early_node_map[i].end_pfn);

        /* Initialise every node */
        for_each_online_node(nid) {
                pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(nid);
                free_area_init_node(nid, pgdat, NULL,
                                find_min_pfn_for_node(nid), NULL);
        }
}
#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_POPULATES_NODE_MAP */

/**
 * set_dma_reserve - set the specified number of pages reserved in the first zone
 * @new_dma_reserve: The number of pages to mark reserved
 *
 * The per-cpu batchsize and zone watermarks are determined by present_pages.
 * In the DMA zone, a significant percentage may be consumed by kernel image
 * and other unfreeable allocations which can skew the watermarks badly. This
 * function may optionally be used to account for unfreeable pages in the
 * first zone (e.g., ZONE_DMA). The effect will be lower watermarks and
 * smaller per-cpu batchsize.
 */
void __init set_dma_reserve(unsigned long new_dma_reserve)
{
        dma_reserve = new_dma_reserve;
}

#ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
static bootmem_data_t contig_bootmem_data;
struct pglist_data contig_page_data = { .bdata = &contig_bootmem_data };

EXPORT_SYMBOL(contig_page_data);
#endif

void __init free_area_init(unsigned long *zones_size)
{
        free_area_init_node(0, NODE_DATA(0), zones_size,
                        __pa(PAGE_OFFSET) >> PAGE_SHIFT, NULL);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
static int page_alloc_cpu_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
                                 unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
{
        int cpu = (unsigned long)hcpu;

        if (action == CPU_DEAD) {
                local_irq_disable();
                __drain_pages(cpu);
                vm_events_fold_cpu(cpu);
                local_irq_enable();
                refresh_cpu_vm_stats(cpu);
        }
        return NOTIFY_OK;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */

void __init page_alloc_init(void)
{
        hotcpu_notifier(page_alloc_cpu_notify, 0);
}

/*
 * calculate_totalreserve_pages - called when sysctl_lower_zone_reserve_ratio
 *      or min_free_kbytes changes.
 */
static void calculate_totalreserve_pages(void)
{
        struct pglist_data *pgdat;
        unsigned long reserve_pages = 0;
        enum zone_type i, j;

        for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) {
                for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
                        struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + i;
                        unsigned long max = 0;

                        /* Find valid and maximum lowmem_reserve in the zone */
                        for (j = i; j < MAX_NR_ZONES; j++) {
                                if (zone->lowmem_reserve[j] > max)
                                        max = zone->lowmem_reserve[j];
                        }

                        /* we treat pages_high as reserved pages. */
                        max += zone->pages_high;

                        if (max > zone->present_pages)
                                max = zone->present_pages;
                        reserve_pages += max;
                }
        }
        totalreserve_pages = reserve_pages;
}

/*
 * setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve - called whenever
 *      sysctl_lower_zone_reserve_ratio changes.  Ensures that each zone
 *      has a correct pages reserved value, so an adequate number of
 *      pages are left in the zone after a successful __alloc_pages().
 */
static void setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve(void)
{
        struct pglist_data *pgdat;
        enum zone_type j, idx;

        for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) {
                for (j = 0; j < MAX_NR_ZONES; j++) {
                        struct zone *zone = pgdat->node_zones + j;
                        unsigned long present_pages = zone->present_pages;

                        zone->lowmem_reserve[j] = 0;

                        idx = j;
                        while (idx) {
                                struct zone *lower_zone;

                                idx--;

                                if (sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[idx] < 1)
                                        sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[idx] = 1;

                                lower_zone = pgdat->node_zones + idx;
                                lower_zone->lowmem_reserve[j] = present_pages /
                                        sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio[idx];
                                present_pages += lower_zone->present_pages;
                        }
                }
        }

        /* update totalreserve_pages */
        calculate_totalreserve_pages();
}

/**
 * setup_per_zone_pages_min - called when min_free_kbytes changes.
 *
 * Ensures that the pages_{min,low,high} values for each zone are set correctly
 * with respect to min_free_kbytes.
 */
void setup_per_zone_pages_min(void)
{
        unsigned long pages_min = min_free_kbytes >> (PAGE_SHIFT - 10);
        unsigned long lowmem_pages = 0;
        struct zone *zone;
        unsigned long flags;

        /* Calculate total number of !ZONE_HIGHMEM pages */
        for_each_zone(zone) {
                if (!is_highmem(zone))
                        lowmem_pages += zone->present_pages;
        }

        for_each_zone(zone) {
                u64 tmp;

                spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
                tmp = (u64)pages_min * zone->present_pages;
                do_div(tmp, lowmem_pages);
                if (is_highmem(zone)) {
                        /*
                         * __GFP_HIGH and PF_MEMALLOC allocations usually don't
                         * need highmem pages, so cap pages_min to a small
                         * value here.
                         *
                         * The (pages_high-pages_low) and (pages_low-pages_min)
                         * deltas controls asynch page reclaim, and so should
                         * not be capped for highmem.
                         */
                        int min_pages;

                        min_pages = zone->present_pages / 1024;
                        if (min_pages < SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX)
                                min_pages = SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX;
                        if (min_pages > 128)
                                min_pages = 128;
                        zone->pages_min = min_pages;
                } else {
                        /*
                         * If it's a lowmem zone, reserve a number of pages
                         * proportionate to the zone's size.
                         */
                        zone->pages_min = tmp;
                }

                zone->pages_low   = zone->pages_min + (tmp >> 2);
                zone->pages_high  = zone->pages_min + (tmp >> 1);
                spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lru_lock, flags);
        }

        /* update totalreserve_pages */
        calculate_totalreserve_pages();
}

/*
 * Initialise min_free_kbytes.
 *
 * For small machines we want it small (128k min).  For large machines
 * we want it large (64MB max).  But it is not linear, because network
 * bandwidth does not increase linearly with machine size.  We use
 *
 *      min_free_kbytes = 4 * sqrt(lowmem_kbytes), for better accuracy:
 *      min_free_kbytes = sqrt(lowmem_kbytes * 16)
 *
 * which yields
 *
 * 16MB:        512k
 * 32MB:        724k
 * 64MB:        1024k
 * 128MB:       1448k
 * 256MB:       2048k
 * 512MB:       2896k
 * 1024MB:      4096k
 * 2048MB:      5792k
 * 4096MB:      8192k
 * 8192MB:      11584k
 * 16384MB:     16384k
 */
static int __init init_per_zone_pages_min(void)
{
        unsigned long lowmem_kbytes;

        lowmem_kbytes = nr_free_buffer_pages() * (PAGE_SIZE >> 10);

        min_free_kbytes = int_sqrt(lowmem_kbytes * 16);
        if (min_free_kbytes < 128)
                min_free_kbytes = 128;
        if (min_free_kbytes > 65536)
                min_free_kbytes = 65536;
        setup_per_zone_pages_min();
        setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve();
        return 0;
}
module_init(init_per_zone_pages_min)

/*
 * min_free_kbytes_sysctl_handler - just a wrapper around proc_dointvec() so 
 *      that we can call two helper functions whenever min_free_kbytes
 *      changes.
 */
int min_free_kbytes_sysctl_handler(ctl_table *table, int write, 
        struct file *file, void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
        proc_dointvec(table, write, file, buffer, length, ppos);
        setup_per_zone_pages_min();
        return 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
int sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio_sysctl_handler(ctl_table *table, int write,
        struct file *file, void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
        struct zone *zone;
        int rc;

        rc = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, file, buffer, length, ppos);
        if (rc)
                return rc;

        for_each_zone(zone)
                zone->min_unmapped_pages = (zone->present_pages *
                                sysctl_min_unmapped_ratio) / 100;
        return 0;
}

int sysctl_min_slab_ratio_sysctl_handler(ctl_table *table, int write,
        struct file *file, void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
        struct zone *zone;
        int rc;

        rc = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, file, buffer, length, ppos);
        if (rc)
                return rc;

        for_each_zone(zone)
                zone->min_slab_pages = (zone->present_pages *
                                sysctl_min_slab_ratio) / 100;
        return 0;
}
#endif

/*
 * lowmem_reserve_ratio_sysctl_handler - just a wrapper around
 *      proc_dointvec() so that we can call setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve()
 *      whenever sysctl_lowmem_reserve_ratio changes.
 *
 * The reserve ratio obviously has absolutely no relation with the
 * pages_min watermarks. The lowmem reserve ratio can only make sense
 * if in function of the boot time zone sizes.
 */
int lowmem_reserve_ratio_sysctl_handler(ctl_table *table, int write,
        struct file *file, void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
        proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, file, buffer, length, ppos);
        setup_per_zone_lowmem_reserve();
        return 0;
}

/*
 * percpu_pagelist_fraction - changes the pcp->high for each zone on each
 * cpu.  It is the fraction of total pages in each zone that a hot per cpu pagelist
 * can have before it gets flushed back to buddy allocator.
 */

int percpu_pagelist_fraction_sysctl_handler(ctl_table *table, int write,
        struct file *file, void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
        struct zone *zone;
        unsigned int cpu;
        int ret;

        ret = proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, file, buffer, length, ppos);
        if (!write || (ret == -EINVAL))
                return ret;
        for_each_zone(zone) {
                for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
                        unsigned long  high;
                        high = zone->present_pages / percpu_pagelist_fraction;
                        setup_pagelist_highmark(zone_pcp(zone, cpu), high);
                }
        }
        return 0;
}

int hashdist = HASHDIST_DEFAULT;

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
static int __init set_hashdist(char *str)
{
        if (!str)
                return 0;
        hashdist = simple_strtoul(str, &str, 0);
        return 1;
}
__setup("hashdist=", set_hashdist);
#endif

/*
 * allocate a large system hash table from bootmem
 * - it is assumed that the hash table must contain an exact power-of-2
 *   quantity of entries
 * - limit is the number of hash buckets, not the total allocation size
 */
void *__init alloc_large_system_hash(const char *tablename,
                                     unsigned long bucketsize,
                                     unsigned long numentries,
                                     int scale,
                                     int flags,
                                     unsigned int *_hash_shift,
                                     unsigned int *_hash_mask,
                                     unsigned long limit)
{
        unsigned long long max = limit;
        unsigned long log2qty, size;
        void *table = NULL;

        /* allow the kernel cmdline to have a say */
        if (!numentries) {
                /* round applicable memory size up to nearest megabyte */
                numentries = (flags & HASH_HIGHMEM) ? nr_all_pages : nr_kernel_pages;
                numentries += (1UL << (20 - PAGE_SHIFT)) - 1;
                numentries >>= 20 - PAGE_SHIFT;
                numentries <<= 20 - PAGE_SHIFT;

                /* limit to 1 bucket per 2^scale bytes of low memory */
                if (scale > PAGE_SHIFT)
                        numentries >>= (scale - PAGE_SHIFT);
                else
                        numentries <<= (PAGE_SHIFT - scale);
        }
        numentries = roundup_pow_of_two(numentries);

        /* limit allocation size to 1/16 total memory by default */
        if (max == 0) {
                max = ((unsigned long long)nr_all_pages << PAGE_SHIFT) >> 4;
                do_div(max, bucketsize);
        }

        if (numentries > max)
                numentries = max;

        log2qty = long_log2(numentries);

        do {
                size = bucketsize << log2qty;
                if (flags & HASH_EARLY)
                        table = alloc_bootmem(size);
                else if (hashdist)
                        table = __vmalloc(size, GFP_ATOMIC, PAGE_KERNEL);
                else {
                        unsigned long order;
                        for (order = 0; ((1UL << order) << PAGE_SHIFT) < size; order++)
                                ;
                        table = (void*) __get_free_pages(GFP_ATOMIC, order);
                }
        } while (!table && size > PAGE_SIZE && --log2qty);

        if (!table)
                panic("Failed to allocate %s hash table\n", tablename);

        printk("%s hash table entries: %d (order: %d, %lu bytes)\n",
               tablename,
               (1U << log2qty),
               long_log2(size) - PAGE_SHIFT,
               size);

        if (_hash_shift)
                *_hash_shift = log2qty;
        if (_hash_mask)
                *_hash_mask = (1 << log2qty) - 1;

        return table;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_OUT_OF_LINE_PFN_TO_PAGE
struct page *pfn_to_page(unsigned long pfn)
{
        return __pfn_to_page(pfn);
}
unsigned long page_to_pfn(struct page *page)
{
        return __page_to_pfn(page);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_to_page);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(page_to_pfn);
#endif /* CONFIG_OUT_OF_LINE_PFN_TO_PAGE */

#if MAX_NUMNODES > 1
/*
 * Find the highest possible node id.
 */
int highest_possible_node_id(void)
{
        unsigned int node;
        unsigned int highest = 0;

        for_each_node_mask(node, node_possible_map)
                highest = node;
        return highest;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(highest_possible_node_id);
#endif