+remote_escape_output (const gdb_byte *buffer, int len,
+ gdb_byte *out_buf, int *out_len,
+ int out_maxlen)
+{
+ int input_index, output_index;
+
+ output_index = 0;
+ for (input_index = 0; input_index < len; input_index++)
+ {
+ gdb_byte b = buffer[input_index];
+
+ if (b == '$' || b == '#' || b == '}' || b == '*')
+ {
+ /* These must be escaped. */
+ if (output_index + 2 > out_maxlen)
+ break;
+ out_buf[output_index++] = '}';
+ out_buf[output_index++] = b ^ 0x20;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ if (output_index + 1 > out_maxlen)
+ break;
+ out_buf[output_index++] = b;
+ }
+ }
+
+ *out_len = input_index;
+ return output_index;
+}
+
+/* Convert BUFFER, escaped data LEN bytes long, into binary data
+ in OUT_BUF. Return the number of bytes written to OUT_BUF.
+ Raise an error if the total number of bytes exceeds OUT_MAXLEN.
+
+ This function reverses remote_escape_output. It allows more
+ escaped characters than that function does, in particular because
+ '*' must be escaped to avoid the run-length encoding processing
+ in reading packets. */
+
+static int
+remote_unescape_input (const gdb_byte *buffer, int len,
+ gdb_byte *out_buf, int out_maxlen)
+{
+ int input_index, output_index;
+ int escaped;
+
+ output_index = 0;
+ escaped = 0;
+ for (input_index = 0; input_index < len; input_index++)
+ {
+ gdb_byte b = buffer[input_index];
+
+ if (output_index + 1 > out_maxlen)
+ error ("Received too much data from the target.");
+
+ if (escaped)
+ {
+ out_buf[output_index++] = b ^ 0x20;
+ escaped = 0;
+ }
+ else if (b == '}')
+ escaped = 1;
+ else
+ out_buf[output_index++] = b;
+ }
+
+ if (escaped)
+ error ("Unmatched escape character in target response.");
+
+ return output_index;
+}
+
+/* Look for a sequence of characters which can be run-length encoded.
+ If there are any, update *CSUM and *P. Otherwise, output the
+ single character. Return the number of characters consumed. */
+
+static int
+try_rle (char *buf, int remaining, unsigned char *csum, char **p)
+{
+ int n;
+
+ /* Always output the character. */
+ *csum += buf[0];
+ *(*p)++ = buf[0];
+
+ /* Don't go past '~'. */
+ if (remaining > 97)
+ remaining = 97;
+
+ for (n = 1; n < remaining; n++)
+ if (buf[n] != buf[0])
+ break;
+
+ /* N is the index of the first character not the same as buf[0].
+ buf[0] is counted twice, so by decrementing N, we get the number
+ of characters the RLE sequence will replace. */
+ n--;
+
+ if (n < 3)
+ return 1;
+
+ /* Skip the frame characters. The manual says to skip '+' and '-'
+ also, but there's no reason to. Unfortunately these two unusable
+ characters double the encoded length of a four byte zero
+ value. */
+ while (n + 29 == '$' || n + 29 == '#')
+ n--;
+
+ *csum += '*';
+ *(*p)++ = '*';
+ *csum += n + 29;
+ *(*p)++ = n + 29;
+
+ return n + 1;
+}
+
+char *
+unpack_varlen_hex (char *buff, /* packet to parse */
+ ULONGEST *result)
+{
+ int nibble;
+ ULONGEST retval = 0;
+
+ while (ishex (*buff, &nibble))
+ {
+ buff++;
+ retval = retval << 4;
+ retval |= nibble & 0x0f;
+ }
+ *result = retval;
+ return buff;
+}
+
+/* Write a PTID to BUF. Returns BUF+CHARACTERS_WRITTEN. */
+
+char *
+write_ptid (char *buf, ptid_t ptid)
+{
+ int pid, tid;
+
+ if (multi_process)
+ {
+ pid = ptid_get_pid (ptid);
+ if (pid < 0)
+ buf += sprintf (buf, "p-%x.", -pid);
+ else
+ buf += sprintf (buf, "p%x.", pid);
+ }
+ tid = ptid_get_lwp (ptid);
+ if (tid < 0)
+ buf += sprintf (buf, "-%x", -tid);
+ else
+ buf += sprintf (buf, "%x", tid);
+
+ return buf;
+}
+
+ULONGEST
+hex_or_minus_one (char *buf, char **obuf)
+{
+ ULONGEST ret;
+
+ if (strncmp (buf, "-1", 2) == 0)
+ {
+ ret = (ULONGEST) -1;
+ buf += 2;
+ }
+ else
+ buf = unpack_varlen_hex (buf, &ret);
+
+ if (obuf)
+ *obuf = buf;
+
+ return ret;
+}
+
+/* Extract a PTID from BUF. If non-null, OBUF is set to the to one
+ passed the last parsed char. Returns null_ptid on error. */
+ptid_t
+read_ptid (char *buf, char **obuf)
+{
+ char *p = buf;
+ char *pp;
+ ULONGEST pid = 0, tid = 0;
+
+ if (*p == 'p')
+ {
+ /* Multi-process ptid. */
+ pp = unpack_varlen_hex (p + 1, &pid);
+ if (*pp != '.')
+ error ("invalid remote ptid: %s\n", p);
+
+ p = pp + 1;
+
+ tid = hex_or_minus_one (p, &pp);
+
+ if (obuf)
+ *obuf = pp;
+ return ptid_build (pid, tid, 0);
+ }
+
+ /* No multi-process. Just a tid. */
+ tid = hex_or_minus_one (p, &pp);
+
+ /* Since the stub is not sending a process id, then default to
+ what's in the current inferior. */
+ pid = ptid_get_pid (((struct inferior_list_entry *) current_inferior)->id);
+
+ if (obuf)
+ *obuf = pp;
+ return ptid_build (pid, tid, 0);
+}
+
+/* Send a packet to the remote machine, with error checking.
+ The data of the packet is in BUF, and the length of the
+ packet is in CNT. Returns >= 0 on success, -1 otherwise. */
+
+static int
+putpkt_binary_1 (char *buf, int cnt, int is_notif)