@ifinfo
@format
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
-
-* Binutils: (binutils).
- The GNU binary utilities "ar", "ld", "objdump", "nm",
- "size", "strip", and "ranlib".
-
+* Binutils:: The GNU binary utilities "ar", "ld", "objcopy",
+ "objdump", "nm", "size", "strings", "strip", and "ranlib".
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
@end format
@end ifinfo
@ifinfo
-Copyright @copyright{} 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
@synindex ky cp
@c
-@c This file documents the GNU binary utilities "ar", "ld", "objdump", "nm",
-@c "size", "strip", and "ranlib".
+@c This file documents the GNU binary utilities "ar", "ld", "objcopy",
+@c "objdump", "nm", "size", "strings", "strip", and "ranlib".
@c
-@c Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+@c Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@c
@c This text may be freely distributed under the terms of the GNU
@c General Public License.
@c
-@c $Id$
@setchapternewpage odd
@settitle GNU Binary Utilities
-@titlepage
-@finalout
@c @smallbook
@c @cropmarks
+@titlepage
+@finalout
@title The GNU Binary Utilities
-@subtitle Version 1.97
+@subtitle Version 2.2
@sp 1
-@subtitle October 1991
+@subtitle May 1993
@author Roland H. Pesch
@author Cygnus Support
@page
@end tex
@vskip 0pt plus 1filll
-Copyright @copyright{} 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1992, 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
@cindex version
This brief manual contains preliminary documentation for the GNU binary
-utilities (collectively version 1.97):
+utilities (collectively version 2.2):
@iftex
@table @code
@item ar
Create, modify, and extract from archives
+@item objcopy
+Copy and translate object files
+
@item nm
List symbols from object files
@item size
List section sizes and total size
+@item strings
+List printable strings from files
+
@item strip
Discard symbols
@end table
@menu
* ar:: Create, modify, and extract from archives
+* objcopy:: Copy and translate object files
* ld:(ld)Overview. Combine object and archive files
* nm:: List symbols from object files
* objdump:: Display information from object files
* ranlib:: Generate index to archive contents
* size:: List section sizes and total size
+* strings:: List printable strings from files
* strip:: Discard symbols
+* c++filt:: Filter to demangle encoded C++ symbols
* Index::
@end menu
-@node ar, nm, Top, Top
+@node ar, objcopy, Top, Top
@chapter ar
@kindex ar
@cindex archives
@cindex collections of files
@smallexample
- ar [-]@var{p}@var{mod} [ @var{membername} ] @var{archive} @var{files}@dots{}
- ar -M [ <mri-script ]
+ar [-]@var{p}@var{mod} [ @var{membername} ] @var{archive} @var{file}@dots{}
+ar -M [ <mri-script ]
@end smallexample
The GNU @code{ar} program creates, modifies, and extracts from
the original individual files (called @dfn{members} of the archive).
The original files' contents, mode (permissions), timestamp, owner, and
-group are preserved in the archive, and may be reconstituted on
+group are preserved in the archive, and can be restored on
extraction.
@cindex name length
GNU @code{ar} can maintain archives whose members have names of any
length; however, depending on how @code{ar} is configured on your
-system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed (for compatibility
-with archive formats maintained with other tools). If it exists, the
+system, a limit on member-name length may be imposed for compatibility
+with archive formats maintained with other tools. If it exists, the
limit is often 15 characters (typical of formats related to a.out) or 16
characters (typical of formats related to coff).
subroutines.
@cindex symbol index
-@code{ar} will create an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
+@code{ar} creates an index to the symbols defined in relocatable
object modules in the archive when you specify the modifier @samp{s}.
Once created, this index is updated in the archive whenever @code{ar}
makes a change to its contents (save for the @samp{q} update operation).
allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
their placement in the archive.
-You may use @samp{nm -s} or @samp{nm +print-armap} to list this index
+You may use @samp{nm -s} or @samp{nm --print-armap} to list this index
table. If an archive lacks the table, another form of @code{ar} called
@code{ranlib} can be used to add just the table.
@section Controlling @code{ar} on the command line
@smallexample
- ar [-]@var{p}@var{mod} [ @var{membername} ] @var{archive} @var{files}@dots{}
+ar [-]@var{p}@var{mod} [ @var{membername} ] @var{archive} @var{file}@dots{}
@end smallexample
@cindex Unix compatibility, @code{ar}
(optionally accompanied by other keyletters specifying
@emph{modifiers}), and the archive name to act on.
-Most operations can also accept further @var{files} arguments,
+Most operations can also accept further @var{file} arguments,
specifying particular files to operate on.
GNU @code{ar} allows you to mix the operation code @var{p} and modifier
@item d
@cindex deleting from archive
@emph{Delete} modules from the archive. Specify the names of modules to
-be deleted as @var{files}; the archive is untouched if you
+be deleted as @var{file}@dots{}; the archive is untouched if you
specify no files to delete.
-If you specify the @samp{v} modifier, @code{ar} will list each module
+If you specify the @samp{v} modifier, @code{ar} lists each module
as it is deleted.
@item m
than one member.
If no modifiers are used with @code{m}, any members you name in the
-@var{files} arguments are moved to the @emph{end} of the archive;
+@var{file} arguments are moved to the @emph{end} of the archive;
you can use the @samp{a}, @samp{b}, or @samp{i} modifiers to move them to a
specified place instead.
output file. If the @samp{v} modifier is specified, show the member
name before copying its contents to standard output.
-If you specify no @var{files}, all the files in the archive are printed.
+If you specify no @var{file} arguments, all the files in the archive are
+printed.
@item q
@cindex quick append to archive
-@emph{Quick append}; add @var{files} to the end of @var{archive},
-without checking for replacement.
+@emph{Quick append}; add the files @var{file}@dots{} to the end of
+@var{archive}, without checking for replacement.
The modifiers @samp{a}, @samp{b}, and @samp{i} do @emph{not} affect this
operation; new members are always placed at the end of the archive.
@item r
@cindex replacement in archive
-Insert @var{files} into @var{archive} (with @emph{replacement}). This
-operation differs from @samp{q} in that any previously existing members
-are deleted if their names match those being added.
+Insert the files @var{file}@dots{} into @var{archive} (with
+@emph{replacement}). This operation differs from @samp{q} in that any
+previously existing members are deleted if their names match those being
+added.
-If one of the files named in @var{files} doesn't exist, @code{ar}
+If one of the files named in @var{file}@dots{} doesn't exist, @code{ar}
displays an error message, and leaves undisturbed any existing members
of the archive matching that name.
@item t
@cindex contents of archive
Display a @emph{table} listing the contents of @var{archive}, or those
-of the files listed in @var{files} that are present in the
+of the files listed in @var{file}@dots{} that are present in the
archive. Normally only the member name is shown; if you also want to
see the modes (permissions), timestamp, owner, group, and size, you can
request that by also specifying the @samp{v} modifier.
-If you do not specify any @var{files}, all files in the archive
+If you do not specify a @var{file}, all files in the archive
are listed.
@cindex repeated names in archive
@cindex name duplication in archive
If there is more than one file with the same name (say, @samp{fie}) in
-an archive (say @samp{b.a}), @samp{ar t b.a fie} will list only the
+an archive (say @samp{b.a}), @samp{ar t b.a fie} lists only the
first instance; to see them all, you must ask for a complete
listing---in our example, @samp{ar t b.a}.
@c WRS only; per Gumby, this is implementation-dependent, and in a more
@item x
@cindex extract from archive
-@emph{Extract} members (named @var{files}) from the archive. You can
+@emph{Extract} members (named @var{file}) from the archive. You can
use the @samp{v} modifier with this operation, to request that
@code{ar} list each name as it extracts it.
-If you do not specify any @var{files}, all files in the archive
+If you do not specify a @var{file}, all files in the archive
are extracted.
@end table
@item a
@cindex relative placement in archive
Add new files @emph{after} an existing member of the
-archive. If you use the modifier @code{a}, the name of an existing archive
+archive. If you use the modifier @samp{a}, the name of an existing archive
member must be present as the @var{membername} argument, before the
@var{archive} specification.
@item b
Add new files @emph{before} an existing member of the
-archive. If you use the modifier @code{b}, the name of an existing archive
+archive. If you use the modifier @samp{b}, the name of an existing archive
member must be present as the @var{membername} argument, before the
@var{archive} specification. (same as @samp{i}).
@item i
Insert new files @emph{before} an existing member of the
-archive. If you use the modifier @code{i}, the name of an existing archive
+archive. If you use the modifier @samp{i}, the name of an existing archive
member must be present as the @var{membername} argument, before the
@var{archive} specification. (same as @samp{b}).
@cindex dates in archive
Preserve the @emph{original} dates of members when extracting them. If
you do not specify this modifier, files extracted from the archive
-will be stamped with the time of extraction.
+are stamped with the time of extraction.
@item s
@cindex writing archive index
@item u
@cindex updating an archive
-Normally, @code{ar r}@dots{} inserts all files
+Normally, @samp{ar r}@dots{} inserts all files
listed into the archive. If you would like to insert @emph{only} those
of the files you list that are newer than existing members of the same
names, use this modifier. The @samp{u} modifier is allowed only for the
This modifier requests the @emph{verbose} version of an operation. Many
operations display additional information, such as filenames processed,
when the modifier @samp{v} is appended.
+
+@item V
+This modifier shows the version number of @code{ar}.
@end table
@node ar-scripts, , ar-cmdline, ar
@cindex scripts, @code{ar}
If you use the single command-line option @samp{-M} with @code{ar}, you
can control its operation with a rudimentary command language. This
-form of @code{ar} will operate interactively if standard input is coming
+form of @code{ar} operates interactively if standard input is coming
directly from a terminal. During interactive use, @code{ar} prompts for
input (the prompt is @samp{AR >}), and continues executing even after
errors. If you redirect standard input to a script file, no prompts are
-issued, and @code{ar} will abandon execution (with a nonzero exit code)
+issued, and @code{ar} abandons execution (with a nonzero exit code)
on any error.
The @code{ar} command language is @emph{not} designed to be equivalent
@item VERBOSE
Toggle an internal flag governing the output from @code{DIRECTORY}.
When the flag is on, @code{DIRECTORY} output matches output from
-@samp{ar -tv @dots{}}.
+@samp{ar -tv }@dots{}.
@item SAVE
Commit your changes to the current archive, and actually save it as a
@end table
+@node objcopy, nm, ar, Top
+@chapter objcopy
+
+@smallexample
+objcopy [ -F @var{format} | --format=@var{format} ]
+ [ -I @var{format} | --input-format=@var{format} ]
+ [ -O @var{format} | --output-format=@var{format} ]
+ [ -S | --strip-all ] [ -g | --strip-debug ]
+ [ -x | --discard-all ] [ -X | --discard-locals ]
+ [ -v | --verbose ] [ -V | --version ] [ --help ]
+ @var{infile} [@var{outfile}]
+@end smallexample
+
+The GNU @code{objcopy} utility copies the contents of an object file to
+another. @code{objcopy} uses the GNU BFD Library to read and write the
+object files. It can write the destination object file in a format
+different from that of the source object file. The exact behavior of
+@code{objcopy} is controlled by command-line options.
+
+@code{objcopy} creates temporary files to do its translations and
+deletes them afterward. @code{objcopy} uses BFD to do all its
+translation work; it knows about all the formats BFD knows about, and
+thus is able to recognize most formats without being told explicitly.
+@xref{BFD,,BFD,ld.info,Using LD, the GNU linker}.
+
+@table @code
+@item @var{infile}
+@itemx @var{outfile}
+The source and output files respectively.
+If you do not specify @var{outfile}, @code{objcopy} creates a
+temporary file and destructively renames the result with
+the name of the input file.
+
+@item -I @var{format}
+@itemx --input-format=@var{format}
+Consider the source file's object format to be @var{format}, rather than
+attempting to deduce it.
+
+@item -O @var{format}
+@itemx --output-format=@var{format}
+Write the output file using the object format @var{format}.
+
+@item -F @var{format}
+@itemx --format=@var{format}
+Use @var{format} as the object format for both the input and the output
+file; i.e. simply transfer data from source to destination with no
+translation.
+
+@item -S
+@itemx --strip-all
+Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file.
+
+@item -g
+@itemx --strip-debug
+Do not copy debugging symbols from the source file.
+
+@item -x
+@itemx --discard-all
+Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.
+@c FIXME any reason to prefer "non-global" to "local" here?
+
+@item -X
+@itemx --discard-locals
+Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols.
+(These usually start with @samp{L} or @samp{.}.)
+
+@item -V
+@itemx --version
+Show the version number of @code{objcopy}.
+
+@item -v
+@itemx --verbose
+Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of
+archives, @samp{objcopy -V} lists all members of the archive.
+
+@item --help
+Show a summary of the options to @code{objcopy}.
+@end table
+
@iftex
@node ld
@chapter ld
@xref{Top,, Overview,, Using LD: the GNU linker}.
@end iftex
-@node nm, objdump, ar, Top
+@node nm, objdump, objcopy, Top
@chapter nm
@cindex symbols
@kindex nm
@smallexample
- nm [ -a | +debug-syms ] [ -g | +extern-only ]
- [ -s | +print-armap ] [ -o | +print-file-name ]
- [ -n | +numeric-sort ] [ -p | +no-sort ]
- [ -r | +reverse-sort ] [ -u | +undefined-only ]
- [ +target @var{bfdname} ]
- [ @var{objfiles}@dots{} ]
+nm [ -a | --debug-syms ] [ -g | --extern-only ]
+ [ -s | --print-armap ] [ -A | -o | --print-file-name ]
+ [ -n | -v | --numeric-sort ] [ -p | --no-sort ]
+ [ -r | --reverse-sort ] [ -u | --undefined-only ]
+ [ -t @var{radix} | --radix=@var{radix} ] [ -P | --portability ]
+ [ --target=@var{bfdname} ] [ -f @var{format} | --format=@var{format} ]
+ [ -V | --version ] [ --help ] [ @var{objfile}@dots{} ]
@end smallexample
-GNU @code{nm} will list the symbols from object files @var{objfiles}.
+GNU @code{nm} lists the symbols from object files @var{objfile}@dots{}.
+If no object files are listed as arguments, @code{nm} assumes
+@file{a.out}.
+
+For each symbol, @code{nm} shows:
+
+@itemize @bullet
+@item
+The symbol value, in the radix selected by options (see below), or
+hexadecimal by default.
+
+@item
+The symbol type. At least the following types are used; others are, as
+well, depending on the object file format. If lowercase, the symbol is
+local; if uppercase, the symbol is global (external).
+
+@c Some more detail on exactly what these symbol types are used for
+@c would be nice.
+@table @code
+@item A
+Absolute.
+
+@item B
+BSS (uninitialized data).
+
+@item C
+Common.
+
+@item D
+Initialized data.
+
+@item I
+Indirect reference.
+
+@item T
+Text (program code).
+
+@item U
+Undefined.
+@end table
+
+@item
+The symbol name.
+@end itemize
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent.
@table @code
-@item @var{objfiles}@dots{}
-@kindex a.out
-Object files whose symbols are to be listed. If no object files are
-listed as arguments, @code{nm} assumes @samp{a.out}.
+@item -A
+@itemx -o
+@itemx --print-file-name
+@cindex input file name
+@cindex file name
+@cindex source file name
+Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or archive element)
+in which it was found, rather than identifying the input file once only,
+before all of its symbols.
@item -a
-@itemx +debug-syms
+@itemx --debug-syms
@cindex debugging symbols
-Display debugger-only symbols; normally these are not listed.
+Display all symbols, even debugger-only symbols; normally these are not
+listed.
+
+@item -f @var{format}
+@itemx --format=@var{format}
+Use the output format @var{format}, which can be @code{bsd},
+@code{sysv}, or @code{posix}. The default is @code{bsd}.
+Only the first character of @var{format} is significant; it can be
+either upper or lower case.
@item -g
-@itemx +extern-only
+@itemx --extern-only
@cindex external symbols
Display only external symbols.
+@item -n
+@itemx -v
+@itemx --numeric-sort
+Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather than alphabetically
+by their names.
+
@item -p
-@itemx +no-sort
+@itemx --no-sort
@cindex sorting symbols
-Don't bother to sort the symbols in any order; just print them in the
-order encountered.
+Don't bother to sort the symbols in any order; print them in the order
+encountered.
-@item -n
-@itemx +numeric-sort
-Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, not alphabetically by their
-names.
+@item -P
+@itemx --portability
+Use the POSIX.2 standard output format instead of the default format.
+Equivalent to @samp{-f posix}.
@item -s
-@itemx +print-armap
+@itemx --print-armap
@cindex symbol index, listing
When listing symbols from archive members, include the index: a mapping
-(stored in the archive by @code{ar} or @code{ranlib}) of what modules
-contain definitions for what names.
-
-@item -o
-@itemx +print-file-name
-@cindex input file name
-@cindex file name
-@cindex source file name
-Precede each symbol by the name of the input file where it was found,
-rather than identifying the input file once only before all of its
-symbols.
+(stored in the archive by @code{ar} or @code{ranlib}) of which modules
+contain definitions for which names.
@item -r
-@itemx +reverse-sort
-Reverse the sense of the sort (whether numeric or alphabetic); let the
+@itemx --reverse-sort
+Reverse the order of the sort (whether numeric or alphabetic); let the
last come first.
-@item +target @var{bfdname}
-@c @item +target
+@item -t @var{radix}
+@itemx --radix=@var{radix}
+Use @var{radix} as the radix for printing the symbol values. It must be
+@samp{d} for decimal, @samp{o} for octal, or @samp{x} for hexadecimal.
+
+@item --target=@var{bfdname}
@cindex object code format
Specify an object code format other than your system's default format.
@xref{objdump}, for information on listing available formats.
-@c FIXME what *does* +target/no arg do?
@item -u
-@itemx +undefined-only
+@itemx --undefined-only
@cindex external symbols
@cindex undefined symbols
Display only undefined symbols (those external to each object file).
+@item -V
+@itemx --version
+Show the version number of @code{nm} and exit.
+
+@item --help
+Show a summary of the options to @code{nm} and exit.
@end table
@node objdump, ranlib, nm, Top
@kindex objdump
@smallexample
- objdump [ -a ] [ -b @var{bfdname} ] [ -d ] [ -f ]
- [ -h | --header ] [ -i ] [ -j @var{section} ] [ -l ]
- [ -m @var{machine} ] [ -r | --reloc ] [ -s ]
- [ --stabs ] [ -t | --syms ] [ -x ]
- @var{objfiles}@dots{}
+objdump [ -a ] [ -b @var{bfdname} ] [ -d ] [ -f ]
+ [ -h | --header ] [ -i ] [ -j @var{section} ] [ -l ]
+ [ -m @var{machine} ] [ -r | --reloc ] [ -s ] [ --stabs ]
+ [ -t | --syms ] [ -x ] [ --version ] [ --help ]
+ @var{objfile}@dots{}
@end smallexample
@code{objdump} displays information about one or more object files.
compilation tools, as opposed to programmers who just want their
program to compile and work.
+@var{objfile}@dots{} are the object files to be examined. When you
+specify archives, @code{objdump} shows information on each of the member
+object files.
+
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent.
@table @code
-@item @var{objfiles}@dots{}
-The object files to be examined. When you specify archives,
-@code{objdump} shows information on each of the member object files.
-
@item -a
@c print_arelt_descr
@cindex archive headers
-If any files from @var{objfiles} are archives, display the archive
+If any of the @var{objfile} files are archives, display the archive
header information (in a format similar to @samp{ls -l}). Besides the
information you could list with @samp{ar tv}, @samp{objdump -a} shows
the object file format of each archive member.
@c suggest longname --target or --format or --bfd
@item -b @var{bfdname}
@cindex object code format
-You can specify a particular object-code format for your object files as
-@var{bfdname}. This may not be necessary; @var{objdump} can
-automatically recognize many formats. For example,
+Specify that the object-code format for the object files is
+@var{bfdname}. This option may not be necessary; @var{objdump} can
+automatically recognize many formats.
+
+For example,
@example
objdump -b oasys -m vax -h fu.o
@end example
@noindent
-Displays summary information from the section headers (@samp{-h}) of
-@file{fu.o}, which is explicitly identified (@samp{-m}) as a Vax object
+displays summary information from the section headers (@samp{-h}) of
+@file{fu.o}, which is explicitly identified (@samp{-m}) as a VAX object
file in the format produced by Oasys compilers. You can list the
formats available with the @samp{-i} option.
@cindex disassembling object code
@cindex machine instructions
Disassemble. Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine
-instructions from @var{objfiles}.
+instructions from @var{objfile}.
@item -f
@cindex object file header
File header. Display summary information from the overall header of
-each file in @var{objfiles}.
+each of the @var{objfile} files.
@item -h
@itemx --header
Header. Display summary information from the section headers of the
object file.
+@item --help
+Print a summary of the options to @code{objdump} and exit.
+
@item -i
@cindex architectures available
@cindex object formats available
Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available
-for specification with @code{-b} or @code{-m}.
+for specification with @samp{-b} or @samp{-m}.
@c suggest longname --section
@item -j @var{name}
@cindex section information
-Display information only for section @var{name}
+Display information only for section @var{name}.
@c suggest longname --label or --linespec
@item -l
@c suggest longname --architecture
@item -m @var{machine}
@cindex architecture
-Specify the object files @var{objfiles} are for architecture
+Specify that the object files @var{objfile} are for architecture
@var{machine}. You can list available architectures using the @samp{-i}
option.
Symbol Table. Print the symbol table entries of the file.
This is similar to the information provided by the @samp{nm} program.
+@item --version
+Print the version number of @code{objdump} and exit.
+
@item -x
@cindex all header information, object file
@cindex header information, all
Display all available header information, including the symbol table and
relocation entries. Using @samp{-x} is equivalent to specifying all of
@samp{-a -f -h -r -t}.
-
@end table
@node ranlib, size, objdump, Top
@cindex symbol index
@smallexample
- ranlib @var{archive}
+ranlib [-vV] @var{archive}
@end smallexample
-@code{ranlib} generates an index to the contents of an archive, and
+@code{ranlib} generates an index to the contents of an archive and
stores it in the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a
member of an archive that is a relocatable object file.
-You may use @samp{nm -s} or @samp{nm +print-armap} to list this index.
+You may use @samp{nm -s} or @samp{nm --print-armap} to list this index.
-An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library, and
+An archive with such an index speeds up linking to the library and
allows routines in the library to call each other without regard to
their placement in the archive.
@code{ranlib} is completely equivalent to executing @samp{ar -s}.
@xref{ar}.
-@node size, strip, ranlib, Top
+@table @code
+@item -v
+@itemx -V
+Show the version number of @code{ranlib}.
+@end table
+
+@node size, strings, ranlib, Top
@chapter size
@kindex size
@cindex section sizes
@smallexample
- size [ -A | -B | +format @var{compatibility} ]
- [ +help ] [ -d | -o | -x | +radix @var{number} ]
- [ +target @var{bfdname} ] [ -V | +version ]
- @var{objfiles}@dots{}
+size [ -A | -B | --format=@var{compatibility} ]
+ [ --help ] [ -d | -o | -x | --radix=@var{number} ]
+ [ --target=@var{bfdname} ] [ -V | --version ]
+ @var{objfile}@dots{}
@end smallexample
The GNU @code{size} utility lists the section sizes---and the total
-size---for each of the object files @var{objfiles} in its argument list.
-By default, one line of output is generated for each object file or each
-module in an archive.
+size---for each of the object or archive files @var{objfile} in its
+argument list. By default, one line of output is generated for each
+object file or each module in an archive.
+
+@var{objfile}@dots{} are the object files to be examined.
The command line options have the following meanings:
-@table @code
-@item @var{objfiles}@dots{}
-The object files to be examined.
+@table @code
@item -A
@itemx -B
-@itemx +format @var{compatibility}
+@itemx --format=@var{compatibility}
@cindex size display format
Using one of these options, you can choose whether the output from GNU
@code{size} resembles output from System V @code{size} (using @samp{-A},
-or @samp{+format sysv}), or Berkeley @code{size} (using @samp{-B}, or
-@samp{+format berkeley}). The default is the one-line format similar to
+or @samp{--format=sysv}), or Berkeley @code{size} (using @samp{-B}, or
+@samp{--format=berkeley}). The default is the one-line format similar to
Berkeley's.
-@c Bonus for doc-source readers: you can also say +format=strange (or
-@c anything else that starts with 's') for sysv, and +format=boring (or
+@c Bonus for doc-source readers: you can also say --format=strange (or
+@c anything else that starts with 's') for sysv, and --format=boring (or
@c anything else that starts with 'b') for Berkeley.
Here is an example of the Berkeley (default) format of output from
@code{size}:
@smallexample
- eg$ size +format Berkeley ranlib size
+size --format Berkeley ranlib size
text data bss dec hex filename
294880 81920 11592 388392 5ed28 ranlib
294880 81920 11888 388688 5ee50 size
This is the same data, but displayed closer to System V conventions:
@smallexample
- eg$ size +format SysV ranlib size
+size --format SysV ranlib size
ranlib :
section size addr
.text 294880 8192
Total 388688
@end smallexample
-@item +help
+@item --help
Show a summary of acceptable arguments and options.
@item -d
@itemx -o
@itemx -x
-@itemx +radix @var{number}
+@itemx --radix=@var{number}
@cindex size number format
@cindex radix for section sizes
Using one of these options, you can control whether the size of each
-section is given in decimal (@samp{-d}, or @samp{+radix 10}); octal
-(@samp{-o}, or @samp{+radix 8}); or hexadecimal (@samp{-x}, or
-@samp{+radix 16}). In @samp{+radix @var{number}}, only the three
+section is given in decimal (@samp{-d}, or @samp{--radix=10}); octal
+(@samp{-o}, or @samp{--radix=8}); or hexadecimal (@samp{-x}, or
+@samp{--radix=16}). In @samp{--radix=@var{number}}, only the three
values (8, 10, 16) are supported. The total size is always given in two
radices; decimal and hexadecimal for @samp{-d} or @samp{-x} output, or
octal and hexadecimal if you're using @samp{-o}.
-@item +target @var{bfdname}
+@item --target=@var{bfdname}
@cindex object code format
-You can specify a particular object-code format for @var{objfiles} as
-@var{bfdname}. This may not be necessary; @var{size} can
+Specify that the object-code format for @var{objfile} is
+@var{bfdname}. This option may not be necessary; @code{size} can
automatically recognize many formats. @xref{objdump}, for information
on listing available formats.
@item -V
-@itemx +version
-Display version number information on @code{size} itself.
+@itemx --version
+Display the version number of @code{size}.
+@end table
+
+@node strings, strip, size, Top
+@chapter strings
+@kindex strings
+@cindex listings strings
+@cindex printing strings
+@cindex strings, printing
+
+@smallexample
+strings [-afov] [-@var{min-len}] [-n @var{min-len}] [-t @var{radix}] [-]
+ [--all] [--print-file-name] [--bytes=@var{min-len}] [--radix=@var{radix}]
+ [--help] [--version] @var{file}@dots{}
+@end smallexample
+
+For each @var{file} given, GNU @code{strings} prints the printable
+character sequences that are at least 4 characters long (or the number
+given with the options below) and are followed by a NUL or newline
+character. By default, it only prints the strings from the initialized
+data sections of object files; for other types of files, it prints the
+strings from the whole file.
+
+@code{strings} is mainly useful for determining the contents of non-text
+files.
+
+@table @code
+@item -a
+@itemx --all
+@itemx -
+Do not scan only the initialized data section of object files; scan
+the whole files.
+
+@item -f
+@itemx --print-file-name
+Print the name of the file before each string.
+@item --help
+Print a summary of the program usage on the standard output and exit.
+
+@itemx -@var{min-len}
+@item -n @var{min-len}
+@itemx --bytes=@var{min-len}
+Print sequences of characters that are at least @var{min-len} characters
+long, instead of the default 4.
+
+@item -o
+Like @samp{-t o}. Some other versions of @code{strings} have @samp{-o}
+act like @samp{-t d} instead. Since we can not be compatible with both
+ways, we simply chose one.
+
+@item -t @var{radix}
+@itemx --radix=@var{radix}
+Print the offset within the file before each string. The single
+character argument specifies the radix of the offset---@samp{o} for
+octal, @samp{x} for hexadecimal, or @samp{d} for decimal.
+
+@item -v
+@itemx --version
+Print the program version number on the standard output and exit.
@end table
-@node strip, Index, size, Top
+@node strip, c++filt, strings, Top
@chapter strip
@kindex strip
@cindex removing symbols
@cindex discarding symbols
+@cindex symbols, discarding
@smallexample
- strip [ -s | +strip-all ] [ -g | -S | +strip-debug ]
- [ -x | +discard-all ] [ -X | +discard-locals ]
- [ -T @var{bfdname} ]
- @var{objfiles}@dots{}
+strip [ -F @var{format} | --format=@var{format} | --target=@var{format} ]
+ [ -I @var{format} | --input-format=@var{format} ]
+ [ -O @var{format} | --output-format=@var{format} ]
+ [ -s | --strip-all ] [ -S | -g | --strip-debug ]
+ [ -x | --discard-all ] [ -X | --discard-locals ]
+ [ -v | --verbose ] [ -V | --version ] [ --help ]
+ @var{objfile}@dots{}
@end smallexample
-GNU @code{strip} will discard all symbols from object files
-@var{objfiles}, if no options are specified; or only certain symbols,
-depending on its command-line options.
+GNU @code{strip} discards all symbols from object files
+@var{objfile}. The list of object files may include archives.
+At least one object file must be given.
-@code{strip} will not execute unless at least one object file is listed.
-
-@quotation
-@emph{WARNING:} @code{strip} modifies the files named in its argument,
+@code{strip} modifies the files named in its argument,
rather than writing modified copies under different names.
-@end quotation
-
-The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
-equivalent.
@table @code
+@item -F @var{format}
+@itemx --format=@var{format}
+@itemx --target=@var{format}
+Treat the original @var{objfile} as a file with the object
+code format @var{format}, and rewrite it in the same format.
+
+@item --help
+Show a summary of the options to @code{strip} and exit.
+
+@item -I @var{format}
+@itemx --input-format=@var{format}
+Treat the original @var{objfile} as a file with the object
+code format @var{format}.
+
+@item -O @var{format}
+@itemx --output-format=@var{format}
+Replace @var{objfile} with a file in the output format @var{format}.
+
@item -s
-@itemx +strip-all
-@cindex all symbols, discarding
-This is the default case: strip all symbol entries from @var{objfiles}.
+@itemx --strip-all
+Remove all symbols.
@item -g
@itemx -S
-@itemx +strip-debug
-@cindex debugging symbols, discarding
-Discard only debugging symbol information from @var{objfiles}.
+@itemx --strip-debug
+Remove debugging symbols only.
@item -x
-@itemx +discard-all
-@cindex local symbols, discarding
-Discard all symbols local to each file in @var{objfiles}.
-@emph{WARNING:} Note that @code{+discard-all} discards only @emph{local}
-symbols, in spite of its name.
+@itemx --discard-all
+Remove non-global symbols.
@item -X
-@itemx +discard-locals
-Discard local symbols starting with @samp{L} from each file in
-@var{objfiles}. (Some compilers produce internally-used symbols that
-begin with @samp{L}.)
+@itemx --discard-locals
+Remove compiler-generated local symbols.
+(These usually start with @samp{L} or @samp{.}.)
-@item -T @var{bfdname}
-@cindex object code format
-You can specify a particular object-code format @var{bfdname} for
-@var{objfiles}. This may not be necessary; @var{strip} can automatically
-recognize many formats. @xref{objdump}, for information on listing
-available formats.
+@item -V
+@itemx --version
+Show the version number for @code{strip}.
+
+@item -v
+@itemx --verbose
+Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of
+archives, @samp{strip -v} lists all members of the archive.
@end table
-@node Index, , strip, Top
+@node c++filt, Index, strip, Top
+@chapter c++filt
+
+@kindex c++filt
+@cindex demangling C++ symbols
+
+@smallexample
+c++filt [ -_ | --strip-underscores ]
+ [ -s @var{format} | --format=@var{format} ]
+ [ --help ] [ --version ] [ @var{arg}@dots{} ]
+@end smallexample
+
+The C++ language provides function overloading, which means that you can
+write many functions with the same name (providing each takes parameters
+of different types). All C++ function names are encoded into a
+low-level assembly label (this process is known as
+@dfn{mangling}). The @code{c++filt} program does the inverse mapping: it
+decodes (@dfn{demangles}) low-level names into user-level names so that
+the linker can keep these overloaded functions from clashing.
+
+Every alphanumeric word (consisting of letters, digits, underscores,
+dollars, or periods) seen in the input is a potential label. If the
+label decodes into a C++ name, the C++ name replaces the low-level
+name in the output.
+
+A typical use of @code{c++filt} is to pipe the output of @code{nm}
+though it, using @code{c++filt} as a filter:
+
+@example
+nm @var{objfile} | c++filt
+@end example
+
+You can also use @code{c++filt} to decipher individual symbols:
+
+@example
+c++filt @var{symbol}
+@end example
+
+All results are printed on the standard output.
+
+@table @code
+@item -_
+@item --strip-underscores
+On some systems, both the C and C++ compilers put an underscore in front
+of every name. For example, the C name @code{foo} gets the low-level
+name @code{_foo}. This option removes the initial underscore.
+
+@item -s @var{format}
+@itemx --format=@var{format}
+GNU @code{nm} can decode three different methods of mangling, used by
+different C++ compilers. The argument to this option selects which
+method it uses:
+
+@table @code
+@item gnu
+the one used by the GNU compiler (the default method)
+@item lucid
+the one used by the Lucid compiler
+@item arm
+the one specified by the C++ Annotated Reference Manual
+@end table
+
+@item --help
+Print a summary of the options to @code{c++filt} and exit.
+
+@item --version
+Print the version number of @code{c++filt} and exit.
+@end table
+
+@quotation
+@emph{Warning:} @code{c++filt} is a new utility, and the details of its
+user interface are subject to change in future releases. In particular,
+a command-line option may be required in the the future to decode a name
+passed as an argument on the command line; in other words,
+
+@example
+c++filt @var{symbol}
+@end example
+
+@noindent
+may in a future release become
+
+@example
+c++filt @var{option} @var{symbol}
+@end example
+@end quotation
+
+@node Index, , c++filt, Top
@unnumbered Index
@printindex cp