-.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation
+.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000 Free Software Foundation
.\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
-.TH objcopy 1 "June 1993" "cygnus support" "GNU Development Tools"
+.TH objcopy 1 "05 April 2000" "Free Software Foundation" "GNU Development Tools"
.de BP
.sp
.ti \-.2i
..
.SH NAME
-objcopy\(em\© and translate object files
+objcopy \- copy and translate object files
.SH SYNOPSIS
.hy 0
.na
.TP
.B objcopy
-.RB "[\|" \-F\ \fIbfdname\fB\ |\ \-\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]"
-.RB "[\|" \-I\ \fIbfdname\fB\ |\ \-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]"
-.RB "[\|" \-O\ \fIbfdname\fB\ |\ \-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]"
-.RB "[\|" \-S\ |\ \-\-strip\-all\fR "\|]"
-.RB "[\|" \-g\ |\ \-\-strip\-debug\fR "\|]"
-.RB "[\|" \-x\ |\ \-\-discard\-all\fR "\|]"
-.RB "[\|" \-X\ |\ \-\-discard\-locals\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-F\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-I\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-input\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-O\ \fIbfdname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-output\-target=\fIbfdname\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-j\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-only\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-R\ \fIsectionname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-remove\-section=\fIsectionname\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-S\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-all\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-g\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-debug\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-strip\-unneeded\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-K\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-N\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-L\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-W\ \fIsymbolname\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-x\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-all\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-X\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-discard\-locals\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-b\ \fIbyte\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-i\ \fIinterleave\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-p\fR\ |\ \fB\-\-preserve\-dates\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-debugging "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-set\-start=\fIval\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-address\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-lma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-section\-vma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-set\-section\-flags\ \fIsection=flags\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-add\-section\ \fIsectionname=filename\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-change\-leading\-char\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-remove\-leading\-char\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-srec\-len=\fIval\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-srec\-forceS3\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-redefine\-sym\ \fIold=new\fR "\|]"
+.RB "[\|" \-\-weaken\fR "\|]"
.RB "[\|" \-v\ |\ \-\-verbose\fR "\|]"
.RB "[\|" \-V\ |\ \-\-version\fR "\|]"
.RB "[\|" \-\-help\fR "\|]"
formats BFD knows about, and thus is able to recognize most formats
without being told explicitly.
.PP
+.B objcopy
+can be used to generate S-records by using an output target of
+.B srec
+(e.g., use
+.B -O srec).
+.PP
+.B objcopy
+can be used to generate a raw binary file by using an output target of
+.B binary
+(e.g., use
+.B -O binary).
+When
+.B objcopy
+generates a raw binary file, it will essentially produce a memory dump
+of the contents of the input object file. All symbols and relocation
+information will be discarded. The memory dump will start at the
+virtual address of the lowest section copied into the output file.
+.PP
+When generating an S-record or a raw binary file, it may be helpful to
+use
+.B -S
+to remove sections containing debugging information. In some cases
+.B -R
+will be useful to remove sections which contain information which is
+not needed by the binary file.
+.PP
.I infile
and
.I outfile
as the object format for both the input and the output file; i.e.
simply transfer data from source to destination with no translation.
.TP
+.B \-j \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-only\-section=\fIsectionname
+Copy only the named section from the input file to the output file,
+discarding all other sections. This option may be given more than
+once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the output
+file unusable.
+.TP
+.B \-R \fIsectionname\fR, \fB\-\-remove-section=\fIsectionname
+Remove the named section from the file. This option may be given more
+than once. Note that using this option inappropriately may make the
+output file unusable.
+.TP
.B \-S\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-all
Do not copy relocation and symbol information from the source file.
.TP
.B \-g\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-debug
Do not copy debugging symbols from the source file.
.TP
-.B \-x\fR, \fB \-\-discard\-all
+.B \-\-strip\-unneeded
+Strip all symbols that are not needed for relocation processing.
+.TP
+.B \-K \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-symbol=\fIsymbolname
+Copy only symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option
+may be given more than once.
+.TP
+.B \-N \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-strip\-symbol=\fIsymbolname
+Do not copy symbol \fIsymbolname\fP from the source file. This option
+may be given more than once.
+.TP
+.B \-L \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-localize\-symbol=\fIsymbolname
+Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP local to the file, so that it is not
+visible externally. This option may be given more than once.
+.TP
+.B \-W \fIsymbolname\fR, \fB\-\-weaken\-symbol=\fIsymbolname
+Make symbol \fIsymbolname\fP weak. This option may be given more than once.
+.TP
+.B \-x\fR, \fB\-\-discard\-all
Do not copy non-global symbols from the source file.
.TP
.B \-X\fR, \fB\-\-discard\-locals
Do not copy compiler-generated local symbols. (These usually start
with "L" or ".").
.TP
+.B \-b \fIbyte\fR, \fB\-\-byte=\fIbyte
+Keep only every \fIbyte\fPth byte of the input file (header data is
+not affected). \fIbyte\fP can be in the range from 0 to the
+interleave-1. This option is useful for creating files to program
+ROMs. It is typically used with an srec output target.
+.TP
+.B \-i \fIinterleave\fR, \fB\-\-interleave=\fIinterleave
+Only copy one out of every \fIinterleave\fP bytes. Which one to copy is
+selected by the \fB\-b\fP or \fB\-\-byte\fP option. The default is 4.
+The interleave is ignored if neither \fB\-b\fP nor \fB\-\-byte\fP is given.
+.TP
+.B \-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-dates
+Set the access and modification dates of the output file to be the same
+as those of the input file.
+.TP
+.B \-\-debugging
+Convert debugging information, if possible. This is not the default
+because only certain debugging formats are supported, and the
+conversion process can be time consuming.
+.TP
+.B \-\-gap\-fill=\fIval
+Fill gaps between sections with \fIval\fP. This operation applies to
+the \fIload address\fP (LMA) of the sections. It is done by increasing
+the size of the section with the lower address, and filling in the extra
+space created with \fIval\fP.
+.TP
+.B \-\-pad\-to=\fIaddress
+Pad the output file up to the load address \fIaddress\fP. This is
+done by increasing the size of the last section. The extra space is
+filled in with the value specified by \fB\-\-gap\-fill\fP (default
+zero).
+.TP
+.B \fB\-\-set\-start=\fIval
+Set the start address of the new file to \fIval\fP. Not all object
+file formats support setting the start address.
+.TP
+.B \fB\-\-change\-start=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-start=\fIincr
+Changes the start address by adding \fIincr\fP. Not all object file
+formats support setting the start address.
+.TP
+.B \fB\-\-change\-addresses=\fIincr\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-vma=\fIincr
+Changes the address of all sections, as well as the start address, by
+adding \fIincr\fP. Some object file formats do not permit section
+addresses to be changed arbitrarily. Note that this does not relocate
+the sections; if the program expects sections to be loaded at a
+certain address, and this option is used to change the sections such
+that they are loaded at a different address, the program may fail.
+.TP
+.B \fB\-\-change\-section\-address\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-section\-vma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val
+Set or changes the VMA and LMA addresses of the named \fIsection\fP.
+If \fI=\fP is used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP.
+Otherwise, \fIval\fP is added to or subtracted from the section
+address. See the comments under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If
+\fIsection\fP does not exist in the input file, a warning will be
+issued, unless \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used.
+.TP
+.B \fB\-\-change\-section\-lma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val
+Set or change the LMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is
+used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP
+is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments
+under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist
+in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless
+\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used.
+.TP
+.B \fB\-\-change\-section\-vma\ \fIsection{=,+,-}val
+Set or change the VMA address of the named \fIsection\fP. If \fI=\fP is
+used, the section address is set to \fIval\fP. Otherwise, \fIval\fP
+is added to or subtracted from the section address. See the comments
+under \fB\-\-change\-addresses\fP, above. If \fIsection\fP does not exist
+in the input file, a warning will be issued, unless
+\fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fP is used.
+.TP
+.B \fB\-\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-adjust\-warnings
+If \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, and the named section does
+not exist, issue a warning. This is the default.
+.TP
+.B \fB\-\-no\-change\-warnings\fR, \fB\-\-no\-adjust\-warnings
+Do not issue a warning if \fB\-\-change\-section\-XXX\fP is used, even
+if the named section does not exist.
+.TP
+.B \fB\-\-set\-section\-flags\ \fIsection=flags
+Set the flags for the named section. The \fIflags\fP argument is a
+comma separated string of flag names. The recognized names are
+\fIalloc\fP, \fIcontents\fP, \fIload\fP, \fInoload\fP, \fIreadonly\fP,
+\fIcode\fP, \fIdata\fP, \fIrom\fP, \fIshare\fP, and \fIdebug\fP. Not
+all flags are meaningful for all object file formats.
+.TP
+.B \fB\-\-add\-section\ \fIsectionname=filename
+Add a new section named \fIsectionname\fR while copying the file. The
+contents of the new section are taken from the file \fIfilename\fR.
+The size of the section will be the size of the file. This option
+only works on file formats which can support sections with arbitrary
+names.
+.TP
+.B \-\-change\-leading\-char
+Some object file formats use special characters at the start of
+symbols. The most common such character is underscore, which compilers
+often add before every symbol. This option tells
+.B objcopy
+to change the leading character of every symbol when it converts
+between object file formats. If the object file formats use the same
+leading character, this option has no effect. Otherwise, it will add
+a character, or remove a character, or change a character, as
+appropriate.
+.TP
+.B \-\-remove\-leading\-char
+If the first character of a global symbol is a special symbol leading
+character used by the object file format, remove the character. The
+most common symbol leading character is underscore. This option will
+remove a leading underscore from all global symbols. This can be
+useful if you want to link together objects of different file formats
+with different conventions for symbol names. This is different from
+\fB\-\-change\-leading\-char\fP because it always changes the symbol name
+when appropriate, regardless of the object file format of the output
+.TP
+.B \fB\-\-srec\-len=\fIval
+Meaningful only for srec output. Set the length of the Srecords to \fIval\fP.
+This length covers both the address, data and crc fields.
+.TP
+.B \fB\-\-srec\-forceS3
+Meaningful only for srec output. Avoid generation of S1/S2 records, creating
+S3-only record format.
+.TP
+.B \-\-redefine\-sym\ \fIold=new
+Change the name of symbol \fIold\fR to \fInew\fR. This can be useful
+when one is trying link two things together for which you have no
+source, and there are name collisions.
+.TP
+.B \-\-weaken
+Change all global symbols in the file to be weak.
+.TP
.B \-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose
Verbose output: list all object files modified. In the case of
archives, "\fBobjcopy \-V\fR" lists all members of the archive.
\&, Roland H. Pesch (June 1993).
.SH COPYING
-Copyright (c) 1993 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (c) 1993, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 1999, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
.PP
-Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
-this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
-are preserved on all copies.
-.PP
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
-manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
-entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
-permission notice identical to this one.
-.PP
-Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
-manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
-versions, except that this permission notice may be included in
-translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in
-the original English.
+This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free
+Documentation License, version 1.1. That license is described in the
+sources for this manual page, but it is not displayed here in order to
+make this manual more consise. Copies of this license can also be
+obtained from: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
+
+\" .SH GNU Free Documentation License
+\" Version 1.1, March 2000
+
+\" Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+\" 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+
+\" Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim
+\" copies of this license document, but changing it is
+\" not allowed.
+\" .PP
+\" 0. PREAMBLE
+\" .PP
+\" The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
+\" written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone
+\" the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without
+\" modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily,
+\" this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get
+\" credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
+\" modifications made by others.
+\" .PP
+\" This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
+\" works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
+\" complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
+\" license designed for free software.
+\" .PP
+\" We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
+\" software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
+\" program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
+\" software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
+\" it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
+\" whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
+\" principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
+\" .PP
+\" 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
+\" .PP
+\" This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a
+\" notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
+\" under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any
+\" such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is
+\" addressed as "you".
+\" .PP
+\" A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
+\" Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
+\" modifications and/or translated into another language.
+\" .PP
+\" A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of
+\" the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
+\" publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject
+\" (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly
+\" within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a
+\" textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
+\" mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
+\" connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
+\" commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
+\" them.
+\" .PP
+\" The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
+\" are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
+\" that says that the Document is released under this License.
+\" .PP
+\" The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
+\" as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
+\" the Document is released under this License.
+\" .PP
+\" A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
+\" represented in a format whose specification is available to the
+\" general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
+\" straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
+\" pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
+\" drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
+\" for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
+\" to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
+\" format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage
+\" subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. A copy that is
+\" not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
+\" .PP
+\" Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
+\" ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
+\" or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
+\" HTML designed for human modification. Opaque formats include
+\" PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only
+\" by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
+\" processing tools are not generally available, and the
+\" machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
+\" purposes only.
+\" .PP
+\" The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
+\" plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material
+\" this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
+\" formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means
+\" the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,
+\" preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
+\" .PP
+\" 2. VERBATIM COPYING
+\" .PP
+\" You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
+\" commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
+\" copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
+\" to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
+\" conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
+\" technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
+\" copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
+\" compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
+\" number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
+\" .PP
+\" You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
+\" you may publicly display copies.
+\" .PP
+\" 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
+\" .PP
+\" If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100,
+\" and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
+\" the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
+\" Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
+\" the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
+\" you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
+\" the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
+\" visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
+\" Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
+\" the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated
+\" as verbatim copying in other respects.
+\" .PP
+\" If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
+\" legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
+\" reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
+\" pages.
+\" .PP
+\" If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
+\" more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
+\" copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy
+\" a publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
+\" Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the
+\" general network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
+\" charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter
+\" option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
+\" distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this
+\" Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location
+\" until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque
+\" copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to
+\" the public.
+\" .PP
+\" It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
+\" Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
+\" them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
+\" .PP
+\" 4. MODIFICATIONS
+\" .PP
+\" You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
+\" the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
+\" the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
+\" Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
+\" and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
+\" of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
+\" .PP
+\" A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
+\" from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
+\" (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
+\" of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
+\" if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
+\" .PP
+\" B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
+\" responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
+\" Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
+\" Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
+\" .PP
+\" C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
+\" Modified Version, as the publisher.
+\" .PP
+\" D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
+\" .PP
+\" E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
+\" adjacent to the other copyright notices.
+\" .PP
+\" F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
+\" giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
+\" terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
+\" Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
+\" and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
+\" .PP
+\" H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
+\" .PP
+\" I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to
+\" it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
+\" publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If
+\" there is no section entitled "History" in the Document, create one
+\" stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as
+\" given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
+\" Version as stated in the previous sentence.
+\" .PP
+\" J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
+\" public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
+\" the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
+\" it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
+\" You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
+\" least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
+\" publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
+\" .PP
+\" K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
+\" preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all the
+\" substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements
+\" and/or dedications given therein.
+\" .PP
+\" L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
+\" unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers
+\" or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
+\" .PP
+\" M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section
+\" may not be included in the Modified Version.
+\" .PP
+\" N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements"
+\" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
+\" .PP
+\" If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
+\" appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
+\" copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
+\" of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
+\" list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
+\" These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
+\" .PP
+\" You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
+\" nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
+\" parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
+\" been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
+\" standard.
+\" .PP
+\" You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
+\" passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list
+\" of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
+\" Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
+\" through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
+\" includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
+\" by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
+\" you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
+\" permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
+\" .PP
+\" The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
+\" give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
+\" imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
+\" .PP
+
+\" 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
+\" .PP
+\" You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
+\" License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
+\" versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
+\" Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
+\" list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
+\" license notice.
+\" .PP
+\" The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
+\" multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
+\" copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
+\" different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
+\" adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
+\" author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.
+\" Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
+\" Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
+\" .PP
+\" In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History"
+\" in the various original documents, forming one section entitled
+\" "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements",
+\" and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
+\" entitled "Endorsements."
+\" .PP
+
+\" 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
+\" .PP
+\" You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
+\" released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
+\" License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
+\" the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
+\" verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
+\" .PP
+\" You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
+\" it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
+\" License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all
+\" other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
+\" .PP
+
+\" 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
+\" .PP
+\" A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
+\" and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
+\" distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version
+\" of the Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the
+\" compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this
+\" License does not apply to the other self-contained works thus compiled
+\" with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they
+\" are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
+\" .PP
+\" If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
+\" copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter
+\" of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on
+\" covers that surround only the Document within the aggregate.
+\" Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
+\" .PP
+
+\" 8. TRANSLATION
+\" .PP
+\" Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
+\" distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
+\" Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
+\" permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
+\" translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
+\" original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
+\" translation of this License provided that you also include the
+\" original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
+\" between the translation and the original English version of this
+\" License, the original English version will prevail.
+\" .PP
+
+\" 9. TERMINATION
+\" .PP
+\" You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except
+\" as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to
+\" copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
+\" automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
+\" parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
+\" License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
+\" parties remain in full compliance.
+\" .PP
+
+\" 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
+\" .PP
+\" The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions
+\" of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
+\" versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
+\" differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
+\" http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
+\" .PP
+\" Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
+\" If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
+\" License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
+\" following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
+\" of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
+\" Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
+\" number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
+\" as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
+\" .PP
+
+\" ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
+\" .PP
+\" To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
+\" the License in the document and put the following copyright and
+\" license notices just after the title page:
+\" .PP
+\" Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
+\" Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
+\" modify this document under the terms of the GNU
+\" Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later
+\" version published by the Free Software Foundation;
+\" with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES,
+\" with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the
+\" Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A copy of the license
+\" is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
+\" Documentation License".
+\" .PP
+\" If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections"
+\" instead of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no
+\" Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
+\" "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover Texts.
+\" .PP
+\" If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
+\" recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of
+\" free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,
+\" to permit their use in free software.