/* Abstraction of GNU v3 abi.
Contributed by Jim Blandy <jimb@redhat.com>
- Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
+ Copyright (C) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GDB.
#include "demangle.h"
#include "objfiles.h"
#include "valprint.h"
+#include "c-lang.h"
#include "gdb_assert.h"
#include "gdb_string.h"
int offset;
struct type *void_ptr_type
- = lookup_pointer_type (builtin_type_void);
+ = builtin_type (arch)->builtin_data_ptr;
struct type *ptr_to_void_fn_type
- = lookup_pointer_type (lookup_function_type (builtin_type_void));
+ = builtin_type (arch)->builtin_func_ptr;
/* ARCH can't give us the true ptrdiff_t type, so we guess. */
struct type *ptrdiff_type
- = init_type (TYPE_CODE_INT,
- gdbarch_ptr_bit (arch) / TARGET_CHAR_BIT, 0,
- "ptrdiff_t", 0);
+ = arch_integer_type (arch, gdbarch_ptr_bit (arch), 0, "ptrdiff_t");
/* We assume no padding is necessary, since GDB doesn't know
anything about alignment at the moment. If this assumption bites
/* ptrdiff_t vcall_and_vbase_offsets[0]; */
FIELD_NAME (*field) = "vcall_and_vbase_offsets";
- FIELD_TYPE (*field)
- = create_array_type (0, ptrdiff_type,
- create_range_type (0, builtin_type_int, 0, -1));
+ FIELD_TYPE (*field) = lookup_array_range_type (ptrdiff_type, 0, -1);
FIELD_BITPOS (*field) = offset * TARGET_CHAR_BIT;
offset += TYPE_LENGTH (FIELD_TYPE (*field));
field++;
/* void (*virtual_functions[0]) (); */
FIELD_NAME (*field) = "virtual_functions";
- FIELD_TYPE (*field)
- = create_array_type (0, ptr_to_void_fn_type,
- create_range_type (0, builtin_type_int, 0, -1));
+ FIELD_TYPE (*field) = lookup_array_range_type (ptr_to_void_fn_type, 0, -1);
FIELD_BITPOS (*field) = offset * TARGET_CHAR_BIT;
offset += TYPE_LENGTH (FIELD_TYPE (*field));
field++;
/* We assumed in the allocation above that there were four fields. */
gdb_assert (field == (field_list + 4));
- t = init_type (TYPE_CODE_STRUCT, offset, 0, 0, 0);
+ t = arch_type (arch, TYPE_CODE_STRUCT, offset, NULL);
TYPE_NFIELDS (t) = field - field_list;
TYPE_FIELDS (t) = field_list;
TYPE_TAG_NAME (t) = "gdb_gnu_v3_abi_vtable";
+ INIT_CPLUS_SPECIFIC (t);
return t;
}
+/* Return the ptrdiff_t type used in the vtable type. */
+static struct type *
+vtable_ptrdiff_type (struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
+{
+ struct type *vtable_type = gdbarch_data (gdbarch, vtable_type_gdbarch_data);
+
+ /* The "offset_to_top" field has the appropriate (ptrdiff_t) type. */
+ return TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (vtable_type, vtable_field_offset_to_top);
+}
+
/* Return the offset from the start of the imaginary `struct
gdb_gnu_v3_abi_vtable' object to the vtable's "address point"
(i.e., where objects' virtual table pointers point). */
static int
-vtable_address_point_offset (void)
+vtable_address_point_offset (struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
{
- struct type *vtable_type = gdbarch_data (current_gdbarch,
- vtable_type_gdbarch_data);
+ struct type *vtable_type = gdbarch_data (gdbarch, vtable_type_gdbarch_data);
return (TYPE_FIELD_BITPOS (vtable_type, vtable_field_virtual_functions)
/ TARGET_CHAR_BIT);
}
+/* Determine whether structure TYPE is a dynamic class. Cache the
+ result. */
+
+static int
+gnuv3_dynamic_class (struct type *type)
+{
+ int fieldnum, fieldelem;
+
+ if (TYPE_CPLUS_DYNAMIC (type))
+ return TYPE_CPLUS_DYNAMIC (type) == 1;
+
+ ALLOCATE_CPLUS_STRUCT_TYPE (type);
+
+ for (fieldnum = 0; fieldnum < TYPE_N_BASECLASSES (type); fieldnum++)
+ if (BASETYPE_VIA_VIRTUAL (type, fieldnum)
+ || gnuv3_dynamic_class (TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (type, fieldnum)))
+ {
+ TYPE_CPLUS_DYNAMIC (type) = 1;
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ for (fieldnum = 0; fieldnum < TYPE_NFN_FIELDS (type); fieldnum++)
+ for (fieldelem = 0; fieldelem < TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST_LENGTH (type, fieldnum);
+ fieldelem++)
+ {
+ struct fn_field *f = TYPE_FN_FIELDLIST1 (type, fieldnum);
+
+ if (TYPE_FN_FIELD_VIRTUAL_P (f, fieldelem))
+ {
+ TYPE_CPLUS_DYNAMIC (type) = 1;
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ TYPE_CPLUS_DYNAMIC (type) = -1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* Find the vtable for a value of CONTAINER_TYPE located at
+ CONTAINER_ADDR. Return a value of the correct vtable type for this
+ architecture, or NULL if CONTAINER does not have a vtable. */
+
+static struct value *
+gnuv3_get_vtable (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
+ struct type *container_type, CORE_ADDR container_addr)
+{
+ struct type *vtable_type = gdbarch_data (gdbarch,
+ vtable_type_gdbarch_data);
+ struct type *vtable_pointer_type;
+ struct value *vtable_pointer;
+ CORE_ADDR vtable_address;
+
+ /* If this type does not have a virtual table, don't read the first
+ field. */
+ if (!gnuv3_dynamic_class (check_typedef (container_type)))
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* We do not consult the debug information to find the virtual table.
+ The ABI specifies that it is always at offset zero in any class,
+ and debug information may not represent it.
+
+ We avoid using value_contents on principle, because the object might
+ be large. */
+
+ /* Find the type "pointer to virtual table". */
+ vtable_pointer_type = lookup_pointer_type (vtable_type);
+
+ /* Load it from the start of the class. */
+ vtable_pointer = value_at (vtable_pointer_type, container_addr);
+ vtable_address = value_as_address (vtable_pointer);
+
+ /* Correct it to point at the start of the virtual table, rather
+ than the address point. */
+ return value_at_lazy (vtable_type,
+ vtable_address - vtable_address_point_offset (gdbarch));
+}
+
+
static struct type *
gnuv3_rtti_type (struct value *value,
int *full_p, int *top_p, int *using_enc_p)
{
- struct type *vtable_type = gdbarch_data (current_gdbarch,
- vtable_type_gdbarch_data);
+ struct gdbarch *gdbarch;
struct type *values_type = check_typedef (value_type (value));
- CORE_ADDR vtable_address;
struct value *vtable;
struct minimal_symbol *vtable_symbol;
const char *vtable_symbol_name;
const char *class_name;
struct type *run_time_type;
- struct type *base_type;
LONGEST offset_to_top;
- struct type *values_type_vptr_basetype;
- int values_type_vptr_fieldno;
/* We only have RTTI for class objects. */
if (TYPE_CODE (values_type) != TYPE_CODE_CLASS)
return NULL;
- /* If we can't find the virtual table pointer for values_type, we
- can't find the RTTI. */
- values_type_vptr_fieldno = get_vptr_fieldno (values_type,
- &values_type_vptr_basetype);
- if (values_type_vptr_fieldno == -1)
- return NULL;
+ /* Determine architecture. */
+ gdbarch = get_type_arch (values_type);
if (using_enc_p)
*using_enc_p = 0;
- /* Fetch VALUE's virtual table pointer, and tweak it to point at
- an instance of our imaginary gdb_gnu_v3_abi_vtable structure. */
- base_type = check_typedef (values_type_vptr_basetype);
- if (values_type != base_type)
- {
- value = value_cast (base_type, value);
- if (using_enc_p)
- *using_enc_p = 1;
- }
- vtable_address
- = value_as_address (value_field (value, values_type_vptr_fieldno));
- vtable = value_at_lazy (vtable_type,
- vtable_address - vtable_address_point_offset ());
-
+ vtable = gnuv3_get_vtable (gdbarch, value_type (value),
+ value_as_address (value_addr (value)));
+ if (vtable == NULL)
+ return NULL;
+
/* Find the linker symbol for this vtable. */
vtable_symbol
- = lookup_minimal_symbol_by_pc (VALUE_ADDRESS (vtable)
- + value_offset (vtable)
+ = lookup_minimal_symbol_by_pc (value_address (vtable)
+ value_embedded_offset (vtable));
if (! vtable_symbol)
return NULL;
>= TYPE_LENGTH (run_time_type)));
if (top_p)
*top_p = - offset_to_top;
-
return run_time_type;
}
-/* Find the vtable for CONTAINER and return a value of the correct
- vtable type for this architecture. */
-
-static struct value *
-gnuv3_get_vtable (struct value *container)
-{
- struct type *vtable_type = gdbarch_data (current_gdbarch,
- vtable_type_gdbarch_data);
- struct type *vtable_pointer_type;
- struct value *vtable_pointer;
- CORE_ADDR vtable_pointer_address, vtable_address;
-
- /* We do not consult the debug information to find the virtual table.
- The ABI specifies that it is always at offset zero in any class,
- and debug information may not represent it. We won't issue an
- error if there's a class with virtual functions but no virtual table
- pointer, but something's already gone seriously wrong if that
- happens.
-
- We avoid using value_contents on principle, because the object might
- be large. */
-
- /* Find the type "pointer to virtual table". */
- vtable_pointer_type = lookup_pointer_type (vtable_type);
-
- /* Load it from the start of the class. */
- vtable_pointer_address = value_as_address (value_addr (container));
- vtable_pointer = value_at (vtable_pointer_type, vtable_pointer_address);
- vtable_address = value_as_address (vtable_pointer);
-
- /* Correct it to point at the start of the virtual table, rather
- than the address point. */
- return value_at_lazy (vtable_type,
- vtable_address - vtable_address_point_offset ());
-}
-
/* Return a function pointer for CONTAINER's VTABLE_INDEX'th virtual
function, of type FNTYPE. */
static struct value *
-gnuv3_get_virtual_fn (struct value *container, struct type *fntype,
- int vtable_index)
+gnuv3_get_virtual_fn (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct value *container,
+ struct type *fntype, int vtable_index)
{
- struct value *vtable = gnuv3_get_vtable (container);
- struct value *vfn;
+ struct value *vtable, *vfn;
+
+ /* Every class with virtual functions must have a vtable. */
+ vtable = gnuv3_get_vtable (gdbarch, value_type (container),
+ value_as_address (value_addr (container)));
+ gdb_assert (vtable != NULL);
/* Fetch the appropriate function pointer from the vtable. */
vfn = value_subscript (value_field (vtable, vtable_field_virtual_functions),
- value_from_longest (builtin_type_int, vtable_index));
+ vtable_index);
/* If this architecture uses function descriptors directly in the vtable,
then the address of the vtable entry is actually a "function pointer"
(i.e. points to the descriptor). We don't need to scale the index
by the size of a function descriptor; GCC does that before outputing
debug information. */
- if (gdbarch_vtable_function_descriptors (current_gdbarch))
+ if (gdbarch_vtable_function_descriptors (gdbarch))
vfn = value_addr (vfn);
/* Cast the function pointer to the appropriate type. */
struct type *vfn_base, int offset)
{
struct type *values_type = check_typedef (value_type (*value_p));
+ struct gdbarch *gdbarch;
/* Some simple sanity checks. */
if (TYPE_CODE (values_type) != TYPE_CODE_CLASS)
error (_("Only classes can have virtual functions."));
+ /* Determine architecture. */
+ gdbarch = get_type_arch (values_type);
+
/* Cast our value to the base class which defines this virtual
function. This takes care of any necessary `this'
adjustments. */
if (vfn_base != values_type)
*value_p = value_cast (vfn_base, *value_p);
- return gnuv3_get_virtual_fn (*value_p, TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (f, j),
+ return gnuv3_get_virtual_fn (gdbarch, *value_p, TYPE_FN_FIELD_TYPE (f, j),
TYPE_FN_FIELD_VOFFSET (f, j));
}
gnuv3_baseclass_offset (struct type *type, int index, const bfd_byte *valaddr,
CORE_ADDR address)
{
- struct type *vtable_type = gdbarch_data (current_gdbarch,
- vtable_type_gdbarch_data);
+ struct gdbarch *gdbarch;
+ struct type *ptr_type;
struct value *vtable;
- struct type *vbasetype;
- struct value *offset_val, *vbase_array;
- CORE_ADDR vtable_address;
+ struct value *vbase_array;
long int cur_base_offset, base_offset;
- int vbasetype_vptr_fieldno;
+
+ /* Determine architecture. */
+ gdbarch = get_type_arch (type);
+ ptr_type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_data_ptr;
/* If it isn't a virtual base, this is easy. The offset is in the
type definition. */
complete inheritance graph based on the debug info. Neither is
worthwhile. */
cur_base_offset = TYPE_BASECLASS_BITPOS (type, index) / 8;
- if (cur_base_offset >= - vtable_address_point_offset ())
+ if (cur_base_offset >= - vtable_address_point_offset (gdbarch))
error (_("Expected a negative vbase offset (old compiler?)"));
- cur_base_offset = cur_base_offset + vtable_address_point_offset ();
- if ((- cur_base_offset) % TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type_void_data_ptr) != 0)
+ cur_base_offset = cur_base_offset + vtable_address_point_offset (gdbarch);
+ if ((- cur_base_offset) % TYPE_LENGTH (ptr_type) != 0)
error (_("Misaligned vbase offset."));
- cur_base_offset = cur_base_offset
- / ((int) TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type_void_data_ptr));
-
- /* We're now looking for the cur_base_offset'th entry (negative index)
- in the vcall_and_vbase_offsets array. We used to cast the object to
- its TYPE_VPTR_BASETYPE, and reference the vtable as TYPE_VPTR_FIELDNO;
- however, that cast can not be done without calling baseclass_offset again
- if the TYPE_VPTR_BASETYPE is a virtual base class, as described in the
- v3 C++ ABI Section 2.4.I.2.b. Fortunately the ABI guarantees that the
- vtable pointer will be located at the beginning of the object, so we can
- bypass the casting. Verify that the TYPE_VPTR_FIELDNO is in fact at the
- start of whichever baseclass it resides in, as a sanity measure - iff
- we have debugging information for that baseclass. */
-
- vbasetype = TYPE_VPTR_BASETYPE (type);
- vbasetype_vptr_fieldno = get_vptr_fieldno (vbasetype, NULL);
-
- if (vbasetype_vptr_fieldno >= 0
- && TYPE_FIELD_BITPOS (vbasetype, vbasetype_vptr_fieldno) != 0)
- error (_("Illegal vptr offset in class %s"),
- TYPE_NAME (vbasetype) ? TYPE_NAME (vbasetype) : "<unknown>");
-
- vtable_address = value_as_address (value_at_lazy (builtin_type_void_data_ptr,
- address));
- vtable = value_at_lazy (vtable_type,
- vtable_address - vtable_address_point_offset ());
- offset_val = value_from_longest(builtin_type_int, cur_base_offset);
+ cur_base_offset = cur_base_offset / ((int) TYPE_LENGTH (ptr_type));
+
+ vtable = gnuv3_get_vtable (gdbarch, type, address);
+ gdb_assert (vtable != NULL);
vbase_array = value_field (vtable, vtable_field_vcall_and_vbase_offsets);
- base_offset = value_as_long (value_subscript (vbase_array, offset_val));
+ base_offset = value_as_long (value_subscript (vbase_array, cur_base_offset));
return base_offset;
}
which has virtual table index VOFFSET. The method has an associated
"this" adjustment of ADJUSTMENT bytes. */
-const char *
+static const char *
gnuv3_find_method_in (struct type *domain, CORE_ADDR voffset,
LONGEST adjustment)
{
int i;
- const char *physname;
/* Search this class first. */
- physname = NULL;
if (adjustment == 0)
{
int len;
/* Decode GNU v3 method pointer. */
static int
-gnuv3_decode_method_ptr (const gdb_byte *contents,
+gnuv3_decode_method_ptr (struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
+ const gdb_byte *contents,
CORE_ADDR *value_p,
LONGEST *adjustment_p)
{
- struct type *funcptr_type = builtin_type_void_func_ptr;
- struct type *offset_type = builtin_type_long;
+ struct type *funcptr_type = builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_func_ptr;
+ struct type *offset_type = vtable_ptrdiff_type (gdbarch);
+ enum bfd_endian byte_order = gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch);
CORE_ADDR ptr_value;
LONGEST voffset, adjustment;
int vbit;
yet know which case we have, so we extract the value under both
interpretations and choose the right one later on. */
ptr_value = extract_typed_address (contents, funcptr_type);
- voffset = extract_signed_integer (contents, TYPE_LENGTH (funcptr_type));
+ voffset = extract_signed_integer (contents,
+ TYPE_LENGTH (funcptr_type), byte_order);
contents += TYPE_LENGTH (funcptr_type);
- adjustment = extract_signed_integer (contents, TYPE_LENGTH (offset_type));
+ adjustment = extract_signed_integer (contents,
+ TYPE_LENGTH (offset_type), byte_order);
- if (!gdbarch_vbit_in_delta (current_gdbarch))
+ if (!gdbarch_vbit_in_delta (gdbarch))
{
vbit = voffset & 1;
voffset = voffset ^ vbit;
struct type *type,
struct ui_file *stream)
{
+ struct type *domain = TYPE_DOMAIN_TYPE (type);
+ struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_type_arch (domain);
CORE_ADDR ptr_value;
LONGEST adjustment;
- struct type *domain;
int vbit;
- domain = TYPE_DOMAIN_TYPE (type);
-
/* Extract the pointer to member. */
- vbit = gnuv3_decode_method_ptr (contents, &ptr_value, &adjustment);
+ vbit = gnuv3_decode_method_ptr (gdbarch, contents, &ptr_value, &adjustment);
/* Check for NULL. */
if (ptr_value == 0 && vbit == 0)
/* It's a virtual table offset, maybe in this class. Search
for a field with the correct vtable offset. First convert it
to an index, as used in TYPE_FN_FIELD_VOFFSET. */
- voffset = ptr_value / TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type_long);
+ voffset = ptr_value / TYPE_LENGTH (vtable_ptrdiff_type (gdbarch));
physname = gnuv3_find_method_in (domain, voffset, adjustment);
{
char *demangled_name = cplus_demangle (physname,
DMGL_ANSI | DMGL_PARAMS);
- if (demangled_name != NULL)
+
+ fprintf_filtered (stream, "&virtual ");
+ if (demangled_name == NULL)
+ fputs_filtered (physname, stream);
+ else
{
- fprintf_filtered (stream, "&virtual ");
fputs_filtered (demangled_name, stream);
xfree (demangled_name);
- return;
}
+ return;
}
}
+ else if (ptr_value != 0)
+ {
+ /* Found a non-virtual function: print out the type. */
+ fputs_filtered ("(", stream);
+ c_print_type (type, "", stream, -1, 0);
+ fputs_filtered (") ", stream);
+ }
/* We didn't find it; print the raw data. */
if (vbit)
print_longest (stream, 'd', 1, ptr_value);
}
else
- print_address_demangle (ptr_value, stream, demangle);
+ print_address_demangle (gdbarch, ptr_value, stream, demangle);
if (adjustment)
{
/* GNU v3 implementation of cplus_method_ptr_size. */
static int
-gnuv3_method_ptr_size (void)
+gnuv3_method_ptr_size (struct type *type)
{
- return 2 * TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type_void_data_ptr);
+ struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_type_arch (type);
+
+ return 2 * TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_data_ptr);
}
/* GNU v3 implementation of cplus_make_method_ptr. */
static void
-gnuv3_make_method_ptr (gdb_byte *contents, CORE_ADDR value, int is_virtual)
+gnuv3_make_method_ptr (struct type *type, gdb_byte *contents,
+ CORE_ADDR value, int is_virtual)
{
- int size = TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type_void_data_ptr);
+ struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_type_arch (type);
+ int size = TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_data_ptr);
+ enum bfd_endian byte_order = gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch);
/* FIXME drow/2006-12-24: The adjustment of "this" is currently
always zero, since the method pointer is of the correct type.
support for adjusting pointers to members when casting them -
not currently supported by GDB. */
- if (!gdbarch_vbit_in_delta (current_gdbarch))
+ if (!gdbarch_vbit_in_delta (gdbarch))
{
- store_unsigned_integer (contents, size, value | is_virtual);
- store_unsigned_integer (contents + size, size, 0);
+ store_unsigned_integer (contents, size, byte_order, value | is_virtual);
+ store_unsigned_integer (contents + size, size, byte_order, 0);
}
else
{
- store_unsigned_integer (contents, size, value);
- store_unsigned_integer (contents + size, size, is_virtual);
+ store_unsigned_integer (contents, size, byte_order, value);
+ store_unsigned_integer (contents + size, size, byte_order, is_virtual);
}
}
static struct value *
gnuv3_method_ptr_to_value (struct value **this_p, struct value *method_ptr)
{
+ struct gdbarch *gdbarch;
const gdb_byte *contents = value_contents (method_ptr);
CORE_ADDR ptr_value;
- struct type *final_type, *method_type;
+ struct type *domain_type, *final_type, *method_type;
LONGEST adjustment;
- struct value *adjval;
int vbit;
- final_type = TYPE_DOMAIN_TYPE (check_typedef (value_type (method_ptr)));
- final_type = lookup_pointer_type (final_type);
+ domain_type = TYPE_DOMAIN_TYPE (check_typedef (value_type (method_ptr)));
+ final_type = lookup_pointer_type (domain_type);
method_type = TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (check_typedef (value_type (method_ptr)));
/* Extract the pointer to member. */
- vbit = gnuv3_decode_method_ptr (contents, &ptr_value, &adjustment);
+ gdbarch = get_type_arch (domain_type);
+ vbit = gnuv3_decode_method_ptr (gdbarch, contents, &ptr_value, &adjustment);
/* First convert THIS to match the containing type of the pointer to
member. This cast may adjust the value of THIS. */
You can provoke this case by casting a Base::* to a Derived::*, for
instance. */
- *this_p = value_cast (builtin_type_void_data_ptr, *this_p);
- adjval = value_from_longest (builtin_type_long, adjustment);
- *this_p = value_ptradd (*this_p, adjval);
+ *this_p = value_cast (builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_data_ptr, *this_p);
+ *this_p = value_ptradd (*this_p, adjustment);
*this_p = value_cast (final_type, *this_p);
if (vbit)
{
- LONGEST voffset = ptr_value / TYPE_LENGTH (builtin_type_long);
- return gnuv3_get_virtual_fn (value_ind (*this_p), method_type, voffset);
+ LONGEST voffset;
+
+ voffset = ptr_value / TYPE_LENGTH (vtable_ptrdiff_type (gdbarch));
+ return gnuv3_get_virtual_fn (gdbarch, value_ind (*this_p),
+ method_type, voffset);
}
else
return value_from_pointer (lookup_pointer_type (method_type), ptr_value);
by reference, so does this class. Similarly for members, which
are constructed whenever this class is. We do not need to worry
about recursive loops here, since we are only looking at members
- of complete class type. */
+ of complete class type. Also ignore any static members. */
for (fieldnum = 0; fieldnum < TYPE_NFIELDS (type); fieldnum++)
- if (gnuv3_pass_by_reference (TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (type, fieldnum)))
+ if (! field_is_static (&TYPE_FIELD (type, fieldnum))
+ && gnuv3_pass_by_reference (TYPE_FIELD_TYPE (type, fieldnum)))
return 1;
return 0;