X-Git-Url: http://drtracing.org/?a=blobdiff_plain;f=gdb%2Fdoc%2Frefcard.tex;h=8e890f1368c81087897683b1e0d9320728bc4607;hb=7785b8804f92599e62d52fb8cf61c7b5553ae2a3;hp=c32695d5a029da2ff7e5ea14c08e0f041db5a1c7;hpb=3c0c9328b9c299580bcf8cb6fdb3b71d5a0525ff;p=deliverable%2Fbinutils-gdb.git diff --git a/gdb/doc/refcard.tex b/gdb/doc/refcard.tex index c32695d5a0..8e890f1368 100644 --- a/gdb/doc/refcard.tex +++ b/gdb/doc/refcard.tex @@ -1,5 +1,8 @@ +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% gdb-refcard.tex %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + %This file is TeX source for a reference card describing GDB, the GNU debugger. -%Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +%Copyright (C) 1991-1993, 1996, 1998-2000, 2007-2012 Free Software +%Foundation, Inc. %Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of %this reference provided the copyright notices and permission notices %are preserved on all copies. @@ -9,7 +12,7 @@ % %This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify %it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -%the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) +%the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) %any later version. % %This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but @@ -17,39 +20,206 @@ %MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU %General Public License for more details. % -%You can find a copy of the GNU General Public License in the GDB -%manual; or write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., -%675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. +%You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +%along with this program. If not, see . % -%You can contact the author as: pesch@cygnus.com +%You can contact the maintainer at: doc@cygnus.com % -% Roland Pesch -% Cygnus Support -% 814 University Ave. -% Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA +% Documentation Department +% Cygnus Solutions +% 1325 Chesapeake Terrace +% Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA % -% +1 415 322 3811 +% +1 800 CYGNUS-1 % -% Cygnus Support is an organization devoted to commercial -% support of free software. For general information -% contact ``info@cygnus.com'' % % -\input threecol -{% -\def\$#1${{#1}}% Kluge: collect RCS revision info without $...$ -\xdef\manvers{\$Revision$}% -} -\vsize=8in -\hyphenpenalty=5000\tolerance=2000\raggedright +% 22-AUG-1993 Andreas Vogel +% +% Modifications made in order to handle different papersizes correctly. +% You only have to set the total width and height of the paper, the +% horizontal and vertical margin space measured from *paper edge* +% and the interline and interspec spacing. +% In order to support a new papersize, you have to fiddle with the +% latter four dimensions. Just try out a few values. +% All other values will be computed at process time so it should be +% quite easy to support different paper sizes - only four values to +% guess :-) +% +% To find the configuration places, just search for the string +% "CONFIGURATION". +% +% Andreas Vogel (av@ssw.de) +% % +% +% Uncomment the following `magnification' command if you want to print +% out in a larger font. Caution! You may need larger paper. You had +% best avoid using 3-column output if you try this. See the ``Three +% column format'' section below if you want to print in three column +% format. +% +%\magnification=\magstep 1 +% +% NOTE ON INTENTIONAL OMISSIONS: This reference card includes most GDB +% commands, but due to space constraints there are some things I chose +% to omit. In general, not all synonyms for commands are covered, nor +% all variations of a command. +% The GDB-under-Emacs section omits gdb-mode functions without default +% keybindings. GDB startup options are not described. +% set print sevenbit-strings omitted. +% printsyms, printpsyms, omitted since they're for GDB maintenance primarily +% share omitted due to obsolescence +% set check range/type omitted at least til code is in GDB. +% +%-------------------- Three column format ----------------------- + +%%%% --- To disable three column format, comment out this entire section + +% Three-column format for landscape printing + +%-------- Papersize defs: + +\newdimen\totalwidth \newdimen\totalheight +\newdimen\hmargin \newdimen\vmargin +\newdimen\secskip \newdimen\lskip +\newdimen\barwidth \newdimen\barheight +\newdimen\intersecwidth + +%% +%% START CONFIGURATION - PAPERSIZE DEFINITIONS +%------- Papersize params: +%% US letter paper (8.5x11in) +%% +\totalwidth=11in % total width of paper +\totalheight=8.5in % total height of paper +\hmargin=.25in % horizontal margin width +\vmargin=.25in % vertical margin width +\secskip=1pc % space between refcard secs +\lskip=2pt % extra skip between \sec entries +\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined\else % check if we are using pdfTeX + \pdfpagewidth=\totalwidth % width of paper in pdf output + \pdfpageheight=\totalheight % height of paper in pdf output +\fi +%------- end papersize params +%% +%% change according to personal taste, not papersize dependent +%% +\barwidth=.1pt % width of the cropmark bar +\barheight=2pt % height of the cropmark bar +\intersecwidth=0.5em % width between \itmwid and \dfnwid +%% +%% END CONFIGURATION - PAPERSIZE DEFINITIONS +%% + +%% +%% values to be computed - nothing to configure +%% +\newdimen\fullhsize % width of area without margins +\newdimen\itmwid % width of item column +\newdimen\dfnwid % width of definition column +\newdimen\temp % only for temporary use + +%% +%% adjust the offsets so the margins are measured *from paper edge* +%% +\hoffset=-1in \advance \hoffset by \hmargin +\voffset=-1in \advance \voffset by \vmargin + +%% +%% fullhsize = totalwidth - (2 * hmargin) +%% +\fullhsize=\totalwidth +\temp=\hmargin \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \fullhsize by -\temp + +%% +%% hsize = (fullhsize - (4 * hmargin) - (2 * barwidth)) / 3 +%% +\hsize=\fullhsize +\temp=\hmargin \multiply \temp by 4 \advance \hsize by -\temp +\temp=\barwidth \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \hsize by -\temp +\divide \hsize by 3 + +%% +%% vsize = totalheight - (2 * vmargin) +%% +\vsize=\totalheight +\temp=\vmargin \multiply \temp by 2 \advance \vsize by -\temp + +%% +%% itmwid = (hsize - intersecwidth) * 1/3 +%% dfnwid = (hsize - intersecwidth) * 2/3 +%% +\temp=\hsize \advance \temp by -\intersecwidth \divide \temp by 3 +\itmwid=\temp +\dfnwid=\hsize \advance \dfnwid by -\itmwid + +%-------- end papersize defs + + +\def\fulline{\hbox to \fullhsize} +\let\lcr=L \newbox\leftcolumn\newbox\centercolumn +\output={\if L\lcr + \global\setbox\leftcolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=C + \else + \if C\lcr + \global\setbox\centercolumn=\columnbox \global\let\lcr=R + \else \tripleformat \global\let\lcr=L + \fi + \fi +% \ifnum\outputpenalty>-20000 \else\dosupereject\fi + } + +%% +%% START CONFIGURATION - ALTERNATIVE FOLDING GUIDES +%% +%% For NO printed folding guide, +%% comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment: + +%\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil\hskip\barwidth plus1fil\hskip\hmargin plus1fil} + +%% For SOLID LINE folding guide, +%% comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment: + +%\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil \vrule width \barwidth \hskip\hmargin plus1fil} + +%% For SMALL MARKS NEAR TOP AND BOTTOM as folding guide, +%% comment out other \def\vdecor's and uncomment: + +\def\vdecor{\hskip\hmargin plus1fil +\vbox to \vsize{\hbox to \barwidth{\vrule height\barheight width\barwidth}\vfill +\hbox to \barwidth{\vrule height\barheight width\barwidth}}%THIS PERCENT SIGN IS ESSENTIAL +\hskip\hmargin plus1fil} + +%% +%% END CONFIGURATION - ALTERNATIVES FOR FOLDING GUIDES +%% + +\def\tripleformat{\shipout\vbox{\fulline{\box\leftcolumn\vdecor + \box\centercolumn\vdecor + \columnbox} + } + \advancepageno} +\def\columnbox{\leftline{\pagebody}} +\def\bye{\par\vfill + \supereject + \if R\lcr \null\vfill\eject\fi + \end} + +%-------------------- end three column format ----------------------- + +%-------------------- Computer Modern font defs: -------------------- \font\bbf=cmbx10 \font\vbbf=cmbx12 \font\smrm=cmr6 \font\brm=cmr10 -\font\rm=cmr8 -\font\it=cmti8 +\font\rm=cmr7 +\font\it=cmti7 \font\tt=cmtt8 +%-------------------- end font defs --------------------------------- + +% +\hyphenpenalty=5000\tolerance=2000\raggedright\raggedbottom \normalbaselineskip=9pt\baselineskip=9pt % \parindent=0pt @@ -60,344 +230,422 @@ \def\opt#1{{\brm[{\rm #1}]}} \def\xtra#1{\noalign{\smallskip{\tt#1}}} % -\long\def\sec#1;#2\endsec{\vskip 1pc +\long\def\sec#1;#2\endsec{\vskip \secskip \halign{% %COL 1 (of halign): -\vtop{\hsize=1in\tt -##\par\vskip 2pt -}\quad +\vtop{\hsize=\itmwid\tt +##\par\vskip \lskip }\hfil %COL 2 (of halign): -&\vtop{\hsize=2.1in\hangafter=1\hangindent=0.5em -\rm ##\par\vskip 2pt}\cr +&\vtop{\hsize=\dfnwid\hangafter=1\hangindent=\intersecwidth +\rm ##\par\vskip \lskip}\cr %Tail of \long\def fills in halign body with \sec args: -\noalign{{\bbf #1}\vskip 2pt} +\noalign{{\bbf #1}\vskip \lskip} #2 } } -{\vbbf GDB QUICK REFERENCE} -\vskip 5pt -{\smrm GDB Version 4.00---Cygnus Support 1991} +{\vbbf GDB QUICK REFERENCE}\hfil{\smrm GDB Version 5}\qquad + +\sec Essential Commands; +gdb {\it program} \opt{{\it core}}&debug {\it program} \opt{using +coredump {\it core}}\cr +b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it function}&set breakpoint at {\it function} \opt{in \it file}\cr +run \opt{{\it arglist}}&start your program \opt{with {\it arglist}}\cr +bt& backtrace: display program stack\cr +p {\it expr}&display the value of an expression\cr +c &continue running your program\cr +n &next line, stepping over function calls\cr +s &next line, stepping into function calls\cr +\endsec \sec Starting GDB; -gdb&starts GDB, with no debugging files\cr +gdb&start GDB, with no debugging files\cr gdb {\it program}&begin debugging {\it program}\cr -gdb {\it program core}&debug coredump {\it core} produced by {\it program}\cr +gdb {\it program core}&debug coredump {\it core} produced by {\it +program}\cr +gdb --help&describe command line options\cr \endsec \sec Stopping GDB; -quit&Exit GDB; abbreviate as {\tt q} or {\tt EOF}\par (eg \ctl{d})\cr -INTERRUPT&(eg \ctl{c}) terminate current command\cr +quit&exit GDB; also {\tt q} or {\tt EOF} (eg \ctl{d})\cr +INTERRUPT&(eg \ctl{c}) terminate current command, or send to running process\cr \endsec \sec Getting Help; -help&List classes of commands\cr -help {\it class}&One-line descriptions for commands in {\it class}\cr -help {\it command}&Describe {\it command}\cr +help&list classes of commands\cr +help {\it class}&one-line descriptions for commands in {\it class}\cr +help {\it command}&describe {\it command}\cr \endsec \sec Executing your Program; run {\it arglist}&start your program with {\it arglist}\cr run&start your program with current argument list\cr -run $\ldots$ <{\it inf} >{\it outf}&start program with input, output +run $\ldots$ <{\it inf} >{\it outf}&start your program with input, output redirected\cr \cr -kill&Kill running program\cr +kill&kill running program\cr \cr -tty {\it dev}&Use {\it dev} as default i/o for next {\tt run}\cr +tty {\it dev}&use {\it dev} as stdin and stdout for next {\tt run}\cr set args {\it arglist}&specify {\it arglist} for next {\tt run}\cr set args&specify empty argument list\cr show args&display argument list\cr \cr -show environment&show all environment variables\cr +show env&show all environment variables\cr show env {\it var}&show value of environment variable {\it var}\cr -set env {\it var} {\it expr}&set environment variable {\it var}\cr -delete env {\it var}&Remove {\it var} from environment\cr +set env {\it var} {\it string}&set environment variable {\it var}\cr +unset env {\it var}&remove {\it var} from environment\cr \endsec \sec Shell Commands; -cd {\it dir}&Change working directory to {\it dir}\cr +cd {\it dir}&change working directory to {\it dir}\cr pwd&Print working directory\cr -make $\ldots$&Call ``{\tt make}''\cr -shell {\it cmd}&Execute arbitrary shell command string\cr +make $\ldots$&call ``{\tt make}''\cr +shell {\it cmd}&execute arbitrary shell command string\cr \endsec \vfill -\centerline{\smrm \copyright 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\qquad Permissions on back} +\line{\smrm \opt{ } surround optional arguments \hfill $\ldots$ show +one or more arguments} +\vskip\baselineskip +\centerline{\smrm \copyright 1998, 2000, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.\qquad Permissions on back} \eject \sec Breakpoints and Watchpoints; -break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&Set breakpoint at {\it line} number \opt{in \it file}\par +break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}\par +b \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&set breakpoint at {\it line} number \opt{in \it file}\par eg:\quad{\tt break main.c:37}\quad\cr -break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it fun}&Set breakpoint at {\it -fun}() \opt{in \it file}\cr +break \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it func}&set breakpoint at {\it +func} \opt{in \it file}\cr break +{\it offset}\par -break -{\it offset}&Set break at offset from current stop\cr -break *{\it addr}&Set breakpoint at address {\it addr}\cr -break&Set breakpoint at next instruction\cr -break $\ldots$ if {\it expr}&Break conditionally on nonzero {\it expr}\cr -cond {\it bno} \opt{\it expr}&New conditional expression on breakpoint -number {\it bno}; make unconditional if no {\it expr}\cr -tbreak $\ldots$&Temporary break; disable when reached\cr -rbreak {\it regex}&Break on all functions matching {\it regex}\cr -watch {\it expr}&Set a watchpoint for expression {\it expr}\cr -catch {\it x}&Set breakpoint at C++ handler for exception {\it x}\cr +break -{\it offset}&set break at {\it offset} lines from current stop\cr +break *{\it addr}&set breakpoint at address {\it addr}\cr +break&set breakpoint at next instruction\cr +break $\ldots$ if {\it expr}&break conditionally on nonzero {\it expr}\cr +cond {\it n} \opt{\it expr}&new conditional expression on breakpoint +{\it n}; make unconditional if no {\it expr}\cr +tbreak $\ldots$&temporary break; disable when reached\cr +rbreak \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it regex}&break on all functions matching {\it +regex} \opt{in \it file}\cr +watch {\it expr}&set a watchpoint for expression {\it expr}\cr +catch {\it event}&break at {\it event}, which may be {\tt catch}, {\tt throw}, +{\tt exec}, {\tt fork}, {\tt vfork}, {\tt load}, or {\tt unload}.\cr +\cr +info break&show defined breakpoints\cr +info watch&show defined watchpoints\cr +\cr +clear&delete breakpoints at next instruction\cr +clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it fun}&delete breakpoints at entry to {\it fun}()\cr +clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&delete breakpoints on source line \cr +delete \opt{{\it n}}&delete breakpoints +\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}\cr +\cr +disable \opt{{\it n}}&disable breakpoints +\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}} \cr -info break&Show defined breakpoints\cr -info watch&Show defined watchpoints\cr +enable \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints +\opt{or breakpoint {\it n}} \cr -clear&Delete breakpoints at next instruction\cr -clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it fun}&Delete breakpoints at entry to {\it fun}()\cr -clear \opt{\it file\tt:}{\it line}&Delete breakpoints on source line \cr -delete \opt{{\it bnos}}&Delete breakpoints numbered {\it bnos}; -\opt{or all breakpoints}\cr +enable once \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}; +disable again when reached \cr -disable \opt{{\it bnos}}&Disable breakpoints {\it bnos} \opt{or all}\cr -enable {\it bnos}&Enable breakpoints {\it bnos} \opt{or all}\cr -enable once {\it bnos}&Enable breakpoints; disable again when -reached\cr -enable del {\it bnos}&Enable breakpoints; delete when reached\cr +enable del \opt{{\it n}}&enable breakpoints \opt{or breakpoint {\it n}}; +delete when reached \cr -ignore {\it bno} {\it count}&Ignore breakpoint number {\it bno}, {\it count} +\cr +ignore {\it n} {\it count}&ignore breakpoint {\it n}, {\it count} times\cr \cr -commands {\it bno}\par -\qquad {\it command list}&Execute GDB {\it command list} every time breakpoint {\it bno} is reached\cr -end&(use only with {\tt commands}) End of {\it command list}\cr +commands {\it n}\par +\qquad \opt{\tt silent}\par +\qquad {\it command-list}&execute GDB {\it command-list} every time breakpoint {\it n} is reached. \opt{{\tt silent} suppresses default +display}\cr +end&end of {\it command-list}\cr \endsec -\sec Signals; -handle {\it signal} {\it act}&Specify GDB actions when {\it signal} occurs:\cr -\quad print&Announce when signal occurs\cr -\quad noprint&Be silent when signal occurs\cr -\quad stop&Halt execution on signal\cr -\quad nostop&Do not halt execution\cr -\quad pass&Allow your program to handle signal\cr -\quad nopass&Do not allow your program to see signal\cr -info signal&Show table of signals and GDB action for each\cr +\sec Program Stack; +backtrace \opt{\it n}\par +bt \opt{\it n}&print trace of all frames in stack; or of {\it n} +frames---innermost if {\it n}{\tt >0}, outermost if {\it n}{\tt <0}\cr +frame \opt{\it n}&select frame number {\it n} or frame at address {\it +n}; if no {\it n}, display current frame\cr +up {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames up\cr +down {\it n}&select frame {\it n} frames down\cr +info frame \opt{\it addr}&describe selected frame, or frame at +{\it addr}\cr +info args&arguments of selected frame\cr +info locals&local variables of selected frame\cr +info reg \opt{\it rn}$\ldots$\par +info all-reg \opt{\it rn}®ister values \opt{for regs {\it rn\/}} in +selected frame; {\tt all-reg} includes floating point\cr \endsec \vfill\eject \sec Execution Control; continue \opt{\it count}\par -c \opt{\it count}&Continue running; if {\it count} specified, ignore +c \opt{\it count}&continue running; if {\it count} specified, ignore this breakpoint next {\it count} times\cr \cr step \opt{\it count}\par -s \opt{\it count}&Execute until another line reached; repeat {\it count} times if +s \opt{\it count}&execute until another line reached; repeat {\it count} times if specified\cr -\cr stepi \opt{\it count}\par -si \opt{\it count}&Step by machine instructions rather than source +si \opt{\it count}&step by machine instructions rather than source lines\cr \cr next \opt{\it count}\par -n \opt{\it count}&Execute next line, including any function calls.\cr -\cr +n \opt{\it count}&execute next line, including any function calls\cr nexti \opt{\it count}\par -ni \opt{\it count}&Next machine instruction rather than source +ni \opt{\it count}&next machine instruction rather than source line\cr \cr -until \opt{\it location}&Run until next instruction (or {\it -location}) reached\cr -\cr -finish&Run until selected stack frame returns\cr -return \opt{\it expr}&Pop selected stack frame without executing, -optionally setting return value\cr -\cr -signal {\it num}&Resume execution with signal {\it num} (none if {\tt 0})\cr +until \opt{\it location}&run until next instruction (or {\it +location})\cr +finish&run until selected stack frame returns\cr +return \opt{\it expr}&pop selected stack frame without executing +\opt{setting return value}\cr +signal {\it num}&resume execution with signal {\it s} (none if {\tt 0})\cr jump {\it line}\par -jump *{\it address}&Resume execution at specified {\it line} number or +jump *{\it address}&resume execution at specified {\it line} number or {\it address}\cr -set var {\it expr}&Evaluate {\it expr} without displaying it; use for +set var={\it expr}&evaluate {\it expr} without displaying it; use for altering program variables\cr \endsec -\sec Debugging Targets; -target {\it type} {\it param}&Connect to target machine, process, or file\cr -info targets&Display available targets\cr -attach {\it param}&Connect to another target of same type\cr -detach&Release target from GDB control\cr -\endsec - -\sec Expressions; -{\it expr}&An expression in C or C++ (including function calls), or:\cr -{\it addr\/}@{\it len}&An array of {\it len} elements beginning at {\it -addr}\cr -{\it file}::{\it nm}&A variable or function {\it nm} defined in {\it -file}\cr -$\tt\{${\it type}$\tt\}${\it addr}&Read memory at {\it addr} as specified -{\it type}\cr -print \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} {\it expr}\par -p \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} {\it expr}&Display the value of an expression\par -in format {\it f}:\cr +\sec Display; +print \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}\par +p \opt{\tt/{\it f}\/} \opt{\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} \opt{or +last value \tt \$} according to format {\it f}:\cr \qquad x&hexadecimal\cr \qquad d&signed decimal\cr \qquad u&unsigned decimal\cr \qquad o&octal\cr +\qquad t&binary\cr \qquad a&address, absolute and relative\cr -\qquad c&character constant\cr +\qquad c&character\cr \qquad f&floating point\cr -call \opt{\tt /{\it f}\/} {\it expr}&Like {\tt print} but does not display +call \opt{\tt /{\it f}\/} {\it expr}&like {\tt print} but does not display {\tt void}\cr -\endsec - -\vfill\eject -\sec Memory; -x \opt{\tt/{\it Nuf}\/} {\it expr}&Examine memory at address {\it expr}; -optional format spec follows slash.\cr -\quad {\it N}&Count of how many units to display;\cr -\quad {\it u}&Unit size; one of\cr +x \opt{\tt/{\it Nuf}\/} {\it expr}&examine memory at address {\it expr}; +optional format spec follows slash\cr +\quad {\it N}&count of how many units to display\cr +\quad {\it u}&unit size; one of\cr &{\tt\qquad b}\ individual bytes\cr &{\tt\qquad h}\ halfwords (two bytes)\cr &{\tt\qquad w}\ words (four bytes)\cr &{\tt\qquad g}\ giant words (eight bytes)\cr -\quad {\it f}&Printing format. Any {\tt print} format, or\cr -&{\tt\qquad s}\ Null-terminated string\cr -&{\tt\qquad i}\ Machine instructions\cr -disassem \opt{\it addr}&Display range of memory as machine -instructions; function surrounding {\it addr} or program counter, or range between two arguments\cr +\quad {\it f}&printing format. Any {\tt print} format, or\cr +&{\tt\qquad s}\ null-terminated string\cr +&{\tt\qquad i}\ machine instructions\cr +disassem \opt{\it addr}&display memory as machine instructions\cr \endsec \sec Automatic Display; -display \opt{\tt/\it f\/} {\it expr}&Show value of {\it expr} each time +display \opt{\tt/\it f\/} {\it expr}&show value of {\it expr} each time program stops \opt{according to format {\it f}\/}\cr -display&Display all enabled expressions on list\cr -undisplay {\it dnos}&Remove number(s) {\it dnos} from list of +display&display all enabled expressions on list\cr +undisplay {\it n}&remove number(s) {\it n} from list of automatically displayed expressions\cr -disable dis {\it dnos}&Disable display for expression(s) number {\it -dnos}\cr -enable dis {\it dnos}&Enable display for expression(s) number {\it -dnos}\cr -info display&Show numbered list of expressions to display\cr +disable disp {\it n}&disable display for expression(s) number {\it +n}\cr +enable disp {\it n}&enable display for expression(s) number {\it +n}\cr +info display&numbered list of display expressions\cr \endsec -\sec Program Stack; -backtrace \opt{\it n}\par -bt \opt{\it n}&Print trace of all frames in stack; or of {\it n} -frames---innermost if {\it n}{\tt >0}, outermost if {\it n}{\tt <0}\cr -frame \opt{\it n}&Select frame number {\it n} or frame at address {\it -n}; if no {\it n}, display current frame\cr -up {\it n}&Select frame {\it n} frames up\cr -down {\it n}&Select frame {\it n} frames down\cr -info frame \opt{\it addr}&Description of selected frame, or frame at -{\it addr}\cr -info args&Arguments of selected frame\cr -info locals&Local variables of selected frame\cr -info catch&Exception handlers active in selected frame\cr +\vfill\eject + +\sec Expressions; +{\it expr}&an expression in C, C++, or Modula-2 (including function calls), or:\cr +{\it addr\/}@{\it len}&an array of {\it len} elements beginning at {\it +addr}\cr +{\it file}::{\it nm}&a variable or function {\it nm} defined in {\it +file}\cr +$\tt\{${\it type}$\tt\}${\it addr}&read memory at {\it addr} as specified +{\it type}\cr +\$&most recent displayed value\cr +\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value\cr +\$\$&displayed value previous to \$\cr +\$\${\it n}&{\it n}th displayed value back from \$\cr +\$\_&last address examined with {\tt x}\cr +\$\_\_&value at address \$\_\cr +\${\it var}&convenience variable; assign any value\cr +\cr +show values \opt{{\it n}}&show last 10 values \opt{or surrounding +\${\it n}}\cr +show conv&display all convenience variables\cr \endsec \sec Symbol Table; -info address {\it s}&Show where symbol {\it s} is stored\cr -info func \opt{\it regex}&Show names, types of defined functions +info address {\it s}&show where symbol {\it s} is stored\cr +info func \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of defined functions (all, or matching {\it regex})\cr -info var \opt{\it regex}&Show names, types of global variables (all, +info var \opt{\it regex}&show names, types of global variables (all, or matching {\it regex})\cr -info sources&Show all sources having debugging information\cr -whatis {\it expr}\par -ptype {\it expr}&Show data type of {\it expr} without evaluating; {\tt -ptype} gives more detail\cr -ptype {\it type}&Describe type, struct, union, or enum\cr +whatis \opt{\it expr}\par +ptype \opt{\it expr}&show data type of {\it expr} \opt{or \tt \$} +without evaluating; {\tt ptype} gives more detail\cr +ptype {\it type}&describe type, struct, union, or enum\cr +\endsec + +\sec GDB Scripts; +source {\it script}&read, execute GDB commands from file {\it +script}\cr +\cr +define {\it cmd}\par +\qquad {\it command-list}&create new GDB command {\it cmd}; +execute script defined by {\it command-list}\cr +end&end of {\it command-list}\cr +document {\it cmd}\par +\qquad {\it help-text}&create online documentation +for new GDB command {\it cmd}\cr +end&end of {\it help-text}\cr +\endsec + +\sec Signals; +handle {\it signal} {\it act}&specify GDB actions for {\it signal}:\cr +\quad print&announce signal\cr +\quad noprint&be silent for signal\cr +\quad stop&halt execution on signal\cr +\quad nostop&do not halt execution\cr +\quad pass&allow your program to handle signal\cr +\quad nopass&do not allow your program to see signal\cr +info signals&show table of signals, GDB action for each\cr +\endsec + +\sec Debugging Targets; +target {\it type} {\it param}&connect to target machine, process, or file\cr +help target&display available targets\cr +attach {\it param}&connect to another process\cr +detach&release target from GDB control\cr \endsec \vfill\eject \sec Controlling GDB; -set {\it param} {\it expr}&Set one of GDB's internal parameters, -controlling its interaction with you\cr -show {\it param}&Display current setting of a GDB parameter\cr +set {\it param} {\it value}&set one of GDB's internal parameters\cr +show {\it param}&display current setting of parameter\cr \xtra{\rm Parameters understood by {\tt set} and {\tt show}:} -\quad addressp {\it on/off}&print memory addresses in stacks, -structs\cr -\quad array-max {\it limit}&Number of elements to display from an -array\cr -\quad arraypr {\it off/on}&Compact or attractive format for -arrays\cr -\quad caution {\it on/off}&Enable or disable cautionary queries\cr -\quad editing {\it on/off}&Control {\tt readline} command-line editing\cr -\quad history&({\tt h}) covers a number of options:\cr -\quad h exp {\it off/on}&Disable or enable {\tt readline} history expansion\cr -\quad h file {\it filename}&File for recording GDB command history\cr -\quad h size {\it size}&Number of commands kept in history list\cr -\quad h write {\it off/on}&Control use of external file for +\quad complaint {\it limit}&number of messages on unusual symbols\cr +\quad confirm {\it on/off}&enable or disable cautionary queries\cr +\quad editing {\it on/off}&control {\tt readline} command-line editing\cr +\quad height {\it lpp}&number of lines before pause in display\cr +\quad language {\it lang}&Language for GDB expressions ({\tt auto}, {\tt c} or +{\tt modula-2})\cr +\quad listsize {\it n}&number of lines shown by {\tt list}\cr +\quad prompt {\it str}&use {\it str} as GDB prompt\cr +\quad radix {\it base}&octal, decimal, or hex number representation\cr +\quad verbose {\it on/off}&control messages when loading +symbols\cr +\quad width {\it cpl}&number of characters before line folded\cr +\quad write {\it on/off}&Allow or forbid patching binary, core files +(when reopened with {\tt exec} or {\tt core}) +\cr +\quad history $\ldots$\par +\quad h $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr +\quad h exp {\it off/on}&disable/enable {\tt readline} history expansion\cr +\quad h file {\it filename}&file for recording GDB command history\cr +\quad h size {\it size}&number of commands kept in history list\cr +\quad h save {\it off/on}&control use of external file for command history\cr \cr -\quad pretty {\it off/on}&Compact or indented format for struct -display\cr -\quad prompt {\it str}&Use {\it str} as GDB prompt\cr -\quad radix {\it base}&Octal, decimal, or hex number representation\cr -\quad screen-h {\it lpp}&Number of lines before pause in -display\cr -\quad screen-w {\it cpl}&Number of characters before line folded\cr -\quad unionpr {\it on/off}&Enable or disable display of unions in -structs\cr -\quad verbose {\it on/off}&Control messages when loading -symbol table\cr -\quad vtblpr {\it off/on}&Display of C++ virtual function tables\cr -info editing&Show last 10 commands\cr -info editing {\it n}&Show 10 commands around number {\it n}\cr -info editing +&Show next 10 commands\cr +\quad print $\ldots$\par +\quad p $\ldots$&groups with the following options:\cr +\quad p address {\it on/off}&print memory addresses in stacks, +values\cr +\quad p array {\it off/on}&compact or attractive format for +arrays\cr +\quad p demangl {\it on/off}&source (demangled) or internal form for C++ +symbols\cr +\quad p asm-dem {\it on/off}&demangle C++ symbols in +machine-instruction output\cr +\quad p elements {\it limit}&number of array elements to display\cr +\quad p object {\it on/off}&print C++ derived types for objects\cr +\quad p pretty {\it off/on}&struct display: compact or indented\cr +\quad p union {\it on/off}&display of union members\cr +\quad p vtbl {\it off/on}&display of C++ virtual function +tables\cr +\cr +show commands&show last 10 commands\cr +show commands {\it n}&show 10 commands around number {\it n}\cr +show commands +&show next 10 commands\cr \endsec \sec Working Files; -file {\it name}&Use {\it file} for symbols and executable\cr -core {\it name}&Read {\it file} as coredump\cr -exec {\it name}&Use {\it file} as executable only\cr -symbol {\it name}&Use only symbol table from {\it file}\cr -load {\it file} {\it addr}&Read additional symbols from {\it file}, +file \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} for both symbols and executable; +with no arg, discard both\cr +core \opt{\it file}&read {\it file} as coredump; or discard\cr +exec \opt{\it file}&use {\it file} as executable only; or discard\cr +symbol \opt{\it file}&use symbol table from {\it file}; or discard\cr +load {\it file}&dynamically link {\it file\/} and add its symbols\cr +add-sym {\it file} {\it addr}&read additional symbols from {\it file}, dynamically loaded at {\it addr}\cr -info files&Display working files and targets in use\cr -\cr -share \opt{\it regex}&Add symbol information for shared libraries -matching {\it regex}, or all shared libraries\cr -info share&List names of shared libraries currently loaded\cr +info files&display working files and targets in use\cr +path {\it dirs}&add {\it dirs} to front of path searched for +executable and symbol files\cr +show path&display executable and symbol file path\cr +info share&list names of shared libraries currently loaded\cr \endsec \vfill\eject \sec Source Files; -dir {\it name}&Add directory {\it name} to front of source path\cr -dir&Clear source path\cr -info dir&Show current source path\cr +dir {\it names}&add directory {\it names} to front of source path\cr +dir&clear source path\cr +show dir&show current source path\cr \cr -list&Show next ten lines of source\cr -list -&Show previous ten lines\cr -list {\it lines}&Display source centered around {\it lines}, -specified as one of:\cr -\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it num}&Line number \opt{in named file}\cr -\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it function}&Beginning of function \opt{in +list&show next ten lines of source\cr +list -&show previous ten lines\cr +list {\it lines}&display source surrounding {\it lines}, +specified as:\cr +\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it num}&line number \opt{in named file}\cr +\quad{\opt{\it file\tt:}\it function}&beginning of function \opt{in named file}\cr \quad{\tt +\it off}&{\it off} lines after last printed\cr \quad{\tt -\it off}&{\it off} lines previous to last printed\cr -\quad{\tt*\it address}&Line containing {\it address}\cr +\quad{\tt*\it address}&line containing {\it address}\cr list {\it f},{\it l}&from line {\it f} to line {\it l}\cr -info line {\it num}&Show starting, ending addresses of compiled code for +info line {\it num}&show starting, ending addresses of compiled code for source line {\it num}\cr -forw {\it regex}&Search following source lines for {\it regex}\cr -rev {\it regex}&Search preceding source lines for {\it regex}\cr +info source&show name of current source file\cr +info sources&list all source files in use\cr +forw {\it regex}&search following source lines for {\it regex}\cr +rev {\it regex}&search preceding source lines for {\it regex}\cr \endsec \sec GDB under GNU Emacs; -M-x gdb&Run GDB under Emacs\cr -\ctl{h} m&Describe GDB mode\cr -M-s&Step one line ({\tt step})\cr -M-n&Next line ({\tt next})\cr -M-i&Step one instruction ({\tt stepi})\cr -\ctl{c} \ctl{f}&Finish current stack frame ({\tt finish})\cr -M-c&Continue ({\tt cont})\cr -M-u&Up {\it arg} frames ({\tt up})\cr -M-d&Down {\it arg} frames ({\tt down})\cr +M-x gdb&run GDB under Emacs\cr +\ctl{h} m&describe GDB mode\cr +M-s&step one line ({\tt step})\cr +M-n&next line ({\tt next})\cr +M-i&step one instruction ({\tt stepi})\cr +\ctl{c} \ctl{f}&finish current stack frame ({\tt finish})\cr +M-c&continue ({\tt cont})\cr +M-u&up {\it arg} frames ({\tt up})\cr +M-d&down {\it arg} frames ({\tt down})\cr +\ctl{x} \&© number from point, insert at end\cr \ctl{x} SPC&(in source file) set break at point\cr \endsec +\sec GDB License; +show copying&Display GNU General Public License\cr +show warranty&There is NO WARRANTY for GDB. Display full no-warranty +statement.\cr +\endsec + \vfill {\smrm\parskip=6pt -\centerline{Copyright \copyright 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.} -\centerline{Roland Pesch (pesch@cygnus.com), January 1991---\manvers} +Copyright \copyright 1991, 1992, 1993, 1998, 2000, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. +Author: Roland H. Pesch + +The author assumes no responsibility for any errors on this card. This card may be freely distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. -Please contribute to development of this card by annotating it. +Please contribute to development of this card by +annotating it. Improvements can be sent to bug-gdb@gnu.org. -No author assumes any responsibility for any errors on this card.} +GDB itself is free software; you are welcome to distribute copies of +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License. There is +absolutely no warranty for GDB. +} \end